哮喘是儿童时期最常见的慢性病，是目前公认患病率与花费最高的儿科健康问题[1]。国际儿童哮喘与过敏研究（International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood，ISAAC）于2002-2003年对全球哮喘患病率的调查显示，13～14岁儿...哮喘是儿童时期最常见的慢性病，是目前公认患病率与花费最高的儿科健康问题[1]。国际儿童哮喘与过敏研究（International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood，ISAAC）于2002-2003年对全球哮喘患病率的调查显示，13～14岁儿童于过去一年内曾发生哮喘症状的患病率为13.70%，6～7岁为11.60%，与1995年患病率相比，各增加0.28%及0.18%，且各国有逐年增加趋势[2]。据调查，美国有超过950万18岁以下的青少年被诊断为哮喘，患病率为9.1%[3]；中国有1000万左右儿童正在承受哮喘带来的痛苦，患病率趋势亦与世界其他国家相符[4-5]。在学生因病缺课各类病因中哮喘为最主要原因，人均缺课天数2.1天；而每年因哮喘导致的医疗资源耗费和生产力成本损失约140亿美元[6]。同时，哮喘引发的日常活动受限、睡眠障碍和经济负担也直接影响到儿童及其家庭成员的生命质量。展开更多
This study aims to investigate the importance of communication and interpersonal relationship in the development of activities in the agribusiness ventures. The study methodology includes theoretical search and field ...This study aims to investigate the importance of communication and interpersonal relationship in the development of activities in the agribusiness ventures. The study methodology includes theoretical search and field research with descriptive exploratory method. The results indicate that there is need to be investing in people management, demonstrating that there is still much to be improved, particularly as regards the development of workers. In this sense, it is recommended that invested more in continuing education and refresher courses for staff development, entrepreneurship training to show concern in giving them the opportunity to grow personally and professionally and still have other competitive advantages such as increased productivity, reduced costs, improved quality, and reduction in turnover of staff.展开更多
Do Eurozone＇s countries converge or diverge over time？ In this paper, the issue of the Eurozone cohesion is analyzed, with emphasis on the North-South axis. The dynamics of 10 economic variables covered the general ...Do Eurozone＇s countries converge or diverge over time？ In this paper, the issue of the Eurozone cohesion is analyzed, with emphasis on the North-South axis. The dynamics of 10 economic variables covered the general performance （GDP, consumption）, price environment （prices and interest rates）, both public and private financial variables and competitiveness （real effective exchange rates, unit labor costs etc.）. The complex analysis of the data indicates that whereas in the most of analyzed variables neither convergence nor divergence can be identified, in the all important competitiveness area the long term divergence between the North and the South of the Eurozone is undeniable. Unless addressed, this dynamics may constitute significant, and perhaps ultimate, threats to the Eurozone cohesion and perhaps to its existence.展开更多
This paper estimates and decomposes the output-oriented three-stage cost Malmquist productivity index of the Taiwan Residents biotech and biopharmaceutical （B＆BP） industry in 2004-2007 periods. The empirical estima...This paper estimates and decomposes the output-oriented three-stage cost Malmquist productivity index of the Taiwan Residents biotech and biopharmaceutical （B＆BP） industry in 2004-2007 periods. The empirical estimations proceed in three stages. Following the methodology of Yang and Huang （2009） with the assumption of variable return to scale （VRS） in the first stage, the original cost Malmquist productivity index （CM） is decomposed into five sources of productivity change： pure technical efficiency change, technical change, allocative efficiency change （AEC）, input-price effect, and cost scale efficiency change. The method of Yang and Huang （2009） is an excellent contribution, but it did not deal with the exogenous environmental variables and noises. In the second stage, the original input variables are adjusted by the exogenous environmental variables. Finally, adjusted input variables produced by the second stage are reused for obtaining the reality of CM in the third stage.展开更多
An effective maintenance schedule can largely improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for enterprises. Many factors, such as resource, production, cost and crew, should be considered when we make maintenance...An effective maintenance schedule can largely improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for enterprises. Many factors, such as resource, production, cost and crew, should be considered when we make maintenance plans. However, it is difficult to meet all requests of the production targets in practical engineering.The multiple attribute decision making for equipment maintenance is proposed in this paper, and the multiple objectives decision making method is utilized to solve the problem in the maintenance process. In the particular environment and resources, a case is studied to illustrate the model and methods. The model gives the optimal maintenance plan with the analytic hierarchy process method in accordance with the particular criteria. It has been proved that this model and decision methods are scientific and operable.展开更多
文摘哮喘是儿童时期最常见的慢性病，是目前公认患病率与花费最高的儿科健康问题[1]。国际儿童哮喘与过敏研究（International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood，ISAAC）于2002-2003年对全球哮喘患病率的调查显示，13～14岁儿童于过去一年内曾发生哮喘症状的患病率为13.70%，6～7岁为11.60%，与1995年患病率相比，各增加0.28%及0.18%，且各国有逐年增加趋势[2]。据调查，美国有超过950万18岁以下的青少年被诊断为哮喘，患病率为9.1%[3]；中国有1000万左右儿童正在承受哮喘带来的痛苦，患病率趋势亦与世界其他国家相符[4-5]。在学生因病缺课各类病因中哮喘为最主要原因，人均缺课天数2.1天；而每年因哮喘导致的医疗资源耗费和生产力成本损失约140亿美元[6]。同时，哮喘引发的日常活动受限、睡眠障碍和经济负担也直接影响到儿童及其家庭成员的生命质量。
文摘This study aims to investigate the importance of communication and interpersonal relationship in the development of activities in the agribusiness ventures. The study methodology includes theoretical search and field research with descriptive exploratory method. The results indicate that there is need to be investing in people management, demonstrating that there is still much to be improved, particularly as regards the development of workers. In this sense, it is recommended that invested more in continuing education and refresher courses for staff development, entrepreneurship training to show concern in giving them the opportunity to grow personally and professionally and still have other competitive advantages such as increased productivity, reduced costs, improved quality, and reduction in turnover of staff.
文摘Do Eurozone＇s countries converge or diverge over time？ In this paper, the issue of the Eurozone cohesion is analyzed, with emphasis on the North-South axis. The dynamics of 10 economic variables covered the general performance （GDP, consumption）, price environment （prices and interest rates）, both public and private financial variables and competitiveness （real effective exchange rates, unit labor costs etc.）. The complex analysis of the data indicates that whereas in the most of analyzed variables neither convergence nor divergence can be identified, in the all important competitiveness area the long term divergence between the North and the South of the Eurozone is undeniable. Unless addressed, this dynamics may constitute significant, and perhaps ultimate, threats to the Eurozone cohesion and perhaps to its existence.
文摘This paper estimates and decomposes the output-oriented three-stage cost Malmquist productivity index of the Taiwan Residents biotech and biopharmaceutical （B＆BP） industry in 2004-2007 periods. The empirical estimations proceed in three stages. Following the methodology of Yang and Huang （2009） with the assumption of variable return to scale （VRS） in the first stage, the original cost Malmquist productivity index （CM） is decomposed into five sources of productivity change： pure technical efficiency change, technical change, allocative efficiency change （AEC）, input-price effect, and cost scale efficiency change. The method of Yang and Huang （2009） is an excellent contribution, but it did not deal with the exogenous environmental variables and noises. In the second stage, the original input variables are adjusted by the exogenous environmental variables. Finally, adjusted input variables produced by the second stage are reused for obtaining the reality of CM in the third stage.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71471147)the Natural Science Research Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2015JQ7273)the Seed Foundation of Innovation and Creation for Graduate Students in Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.Z2016087)
文摘An effective maintenance schedule can largely improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for enterprises. Many factors, such as resource, production, cost and crew, should be considered when we make maintenance plans. However, it is difficult to meet all requests of the production targets in practical engineering.The multiple attribute decision making for equipment maintenance is proposed in this paper, and the multiple objectives decision making method is utilized to solve the problem in the maintenance process. In the particular environment and resources, a case is studied to illustrate the model and methods. The model gives the optimal maintenance plan with the analytic hierarchy process method in accordance with the particular criteria. It has been proved that this model and decision methods are scientific and operable.
