In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), establishing routing path from a source node to a destination node may not be possible, so the opportunistic routings are widely used. The energy and buffer constraints are general i...In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), establishing routing path from a source node to a destination node may not be possible, so the opportunistic routings are widely used. The energy and buffer constraints are general in DTNs composed of the mobile phones or Pads. This paper proposes a novel opportunistic routing protocol, denoted by Large Opporturioty (LAOP), for the energy and buffer constrained DTNs. The objective of LAOP is to reach many receivers of a message with a small number of transmissions. By LAOP, the sender floods a message when the number of its neighbors is not less than a threshold. We compare the delivery performance of LAOP with other four widely used Delay or Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) routing protocols, Direct Delivery, Epidemic routing, SprayAndWait and PRoPHET and demonstrate that LAOP can improve the delivery performance and decrease the delivery latency simultaneously.展开更多
The macadamia tree （macadamia integrifolia maiden ＆ betche）, originally from Australia, has smooth and rounded fruits, this walnut produces richly flavoured nuts, which are used ＂in natura＂ accompanying appetizer...The macadamia tree （macadamia integrifolia maiden ＆ betche）, originally from Australia, has smooth and rounded fruits, this walnut produces richly flavoured nuts, which are used ＂in natura＂ accompanying appetizers, in the manufacture of candies, being well accepted by the population. This paper analysed the production process of the agro industrial cooperative producers of macadamia nut （Coopmac）, located in the town of Sao Mateus-ES/Brazil, and responsible for the production and marketing benefits for the states of Espirito Santo and Bahia. This analysis was performed in order to identify new opportunities for developing new products. The following steps were explored： analysis of the current procedure, ideas generation, analysis of potential ideas, development of a product concept and development of a prototype product. In cooperative, macadamia oil was only extracted. It was decided to develop a potential product from this oil. Initially, chemical analyzes were performed with this oil and opted for the production of soaps, liquid and bar. During this step, the methodology of design of experiments was used to develop the prototype. Sensory analysis, based on the LAM type hedonic scale, was used in the tests. The data were analyzed and could be distinguished the best formulation and the main effects for each assessed parameter. In this step, the statistical analysis software was used. From the value of the overall quality of the sample, greater acceptance for liquid soaps was obtained for a formulation with lower oil volume and higher volume of amphoteric. When concerning the sample bar soaps, the best formulation had the lower ratio of oil volume, the higher volume of amphoteric and lower mass of clay. The authors expect to contribute to generation of scientific and technological knowledge in order to effectively meet the practical needs of efforts directed to the production of macadamia nuts in the state of Espirito Santo.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 61100208, No. 61100205 the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu under Grant No. BK2011169. Pietro lio was supported by the EU FP7 project RECOGNITION： Relevance and Cognition for Self-Awareness in a Content-Centric Intemet.
文摘In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), establishing routing path from a source node to a destination node may not be possible, so the opportunistic routings are widely used. The energy and buffer constraints are general in DTNs composed of the mobile phones or Pads. This paper proposes a novel opportunistic routing protocol, denoted by Large Opporturioty (LAOP), for the energy and buffer constrained DTNs. The objective of LAOP is to reach many receivers of a message with a small number of transmissions. By LAOP, the sender floods a message when the number of its neighbors is not less than a threshold. We compare the delivery performance of LAOP with other four widely used Delay or Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) routing protocols, Direct Delivery, Epidemic routing, SprayAndWait and PRoPHET and demonstrate that LAOP can improve the delivery performance and decrease the delivery latency simultaneously.
文摘The macadamia tree （macadamia integrifolia maiden ＆ betche）, originally from Australia, has smooth and rounded fruits, this walnut produces richly flavoured nuts, which are used ＂in natura＂ accompanying appetizers, in the manufacture of candies, being well accepted by the population. This paper analysed the production process of the agro industrial cooperative producers of macadamia nut （Coopmac）, located in the town of Sao Mateus-ES/Brazil, and responsible for the production and marketing benefits for the states of Espirito Santo and Bahia. This analysis was performed in order to identify new opportunities for developing new products. The following steps were explored： analysis of the current procedure, ideas generation, analysis of potential ideas, development of a product concept and development of a prototype product. In cooperative, macadamia oil was only extracted. It was decided to develop a potential product from this oil. Initially, chemical analyzes were performed with this oil and opted for the production of soaps, liquid and bar. During this step, the methodology of design of experiments was used to develop the prototype. Sensory analysis, based on the LAM type hedonic scale, was used in the tests. The data were analyzed and could be distinguished the best formulation and the main effects for each assessed parameter. In this step, the statistical analysis software was used. From the value of the overall quality of the sample, greater acceptance for liquid soaps was obtained for a formulation with lower oil volume and higher volume of amphoteric. When concerning the sample bar soaps, the best formulation had the lower ratio of oil volume, the higher volume of amphoteric and lower mass of clay. The authors expect to contribute to generation of scientific and technological knowledge in order to effectively meet the practical needs of efforts directed to the production of macadamia nuts in the state of Espirito Santo.
