劳动力市场中性别的空间生产与实践——基于B镇零工角劳动力市场的田野调查

劳动力市场结构与生产地理学的分析视角为研究劳动力市场空间的性别分工提供了进路。以劳动力市场性别分工的空间实践为基础,围绕社会关系与空间组织、生产空间结构与地理不平等以及劳动力市场的性别空间分工、空间化过程,探讨两性如何基于不同策略展开空间组织,形成性别化劳动力市场空间,可以进一步揭示空间组织、空间结构与主体相互作用下空间建构的过程。男性中心的性别意识与父权文化通过空间规训、性别意识形态、公私空间分异区分了两性的空间实践逻辑,经由男性空间宰制与女性空间退出的空间实践确立了男性垄断与女性排斥的空间规则,实现了男性中心与女性边缘的性别空间再生产并不断得到强化。

精神负载:母职实践过程中的性别关系再生产

家务劳动中的性别不平等现象一直受到学界关注,但精神家务劳动尤其是精神负载问题却鲜有人探究。通过分析女性在家庭事务中的精神负载现象,探讨母职实践中不平等性别关系的再生产。女性社会化过程中母职形象的最初建构,以及婚育后一系列的母职实践是造成女性在家庭生活中精神负载的重要原因。母职的实践过程无形中强化了女性在家庭中的"操心者"角色,并促成了家庭内部不平等的性别关系。

女大学生村官的日常策略与性别再生产

大学生村官作为乡村振兴的重要主体,因其“局外人”身份在传统乡土社会中遭遇多种阻力,其中的女大学生村官还要面对额外的性别压力。通过民族志研究,本文展现了Z市女大学生村官如何将“女性符号”转化为日常生存策略中的“弱者的武器”以应对其自身所处的多重困境。具体策略包括(1)家庭角色公共化:清扫与看护;(2)性别“软策略”:撒娇与诉苦;(3)身体特质工具化:外在形象与生活习惯。但“弱者的武器”依然是女大学生村官对社会性别符号的顺应,并实现了后者的再生产。

照料劳动与性别化的劳动政体

本文将照料劳动拉回到经济与社会分析的框架,新中国建立后实践了将生产与生活相统一的照料劳动的单位体制和将生活与生活相分离的照料劳动的市场体制。市场体制下的性别化的劳动政体是将生产劳动和照料劳动人为分离,将照料劳动分配给女性,微观的照料劳动的女性化构成了宏观的国家经济增长,它以照料责任的家庭化为基础。由此,照料劳动的家庭策略呈现了女性化和市场化特征。为了社会和谐发展,国家应建立关怀经济学的发展战略,建立两性伙伴关系式的照料责任共担,以此实现社会和经济的全面发展。

大众传媒中的性别意识——以电影《满城尽带黄金甲》为例

大众传媒中通过将女性塑造为一种非理性的弱势形象,而将力量和理性赋予男性,显现出男性的优势地位。本文以《满城尽带黄金甲》为例,具体分析这种性别意识的建构过程,并认为这种建构促成了性别意识再生产,巩固并再次产生了社会的性别不平等意识。

劳动生产率与工资决定的性别差距——来自我国工业企业数据的经验研究

本文以我国工业企业数据库中2004-2007年的观测数据为样本,利用ACF(2015)方法对工业企业的产出方程进行估计,并将企业全要素生产率作为控制变量引入工资方程,分别识别出工业企业的性别平均劳动生产率差距和性别工资差距。研究发现:(1)我国工业企业中男性平均劳动生产率比女性高72.2%,男性平均工资比女性高12.6%;(2)性别平均劳动生产率差距和性别工资差距存在公司技术的异质性,高技术公司性别平均生产率差距与性别工资差距是一致的,低技术公司性别平均生产率差距要大于性别工资差距,相比工资而言,男性的平均劳动生产率要大于女性;(3)民营企业和外资企业中"女性比重"效应较为明显。本文从性别劳动生产率差距的角度对性别工资差距进行解释,为我们认识性别工资差距并挖掘其产生的原因提供了一种新的思路。

Artistic Practices [Between] Gender and Technologies

This paper was carried out by the group of professors--Maia Creus, Tamara Diaz, and Ines Martins from the Design Analysis and Prospective Department, with the collaboration of the Catalan Institute for Women, Generalitat de Catalunya. Maia Creus and Ines Martins are parts of the research group TADD （Theory, Analysis, Design, and Development） recognized by Ramon Llull University. The research, based on feminist and performance studies, focuses on artistic groups currently working in Catalonia and whose practices produce tools and technology sharing, highlight the social and educational potential of ICTs （information and communication technologies） free access when used, consciously and critically, from feminist perspectives assumed. The research project was developed as a dual methodological process. This research group has developed a critical review of the three conceptual axes--women, art, and technology--around which revolves the present study and, in parallel, has conducted field work directly with groups of selected artists, in order to meet them within their areas of production and to know more about their working methods, theoretical discourse, goals, frustrations, and desires. This deployment in parallel was used to develop a group of key concepts that revolve around ＂free culture＂ and ＂culture of access＂ that in contrast with the practices and theories of the investigated groups are necessary to intercept and reinterpret. Through various forms of visibility, this paper intends to investigate, promote, and share these tools, technologies, and pedagogies developed by these groups which, by its own dynamics of collective work, as well as the processes of public participation, emphasize forms of interculturality and interdisciplinary.

Economic Consequences of Gender Equality in Europe

This paper shows influence of gender equality on economy where it analyzed how gender equality in Europe has affected on the development of the frozen food industry and services related to childcare. The development of these industries has given a positive impulse to the development of the whole economy. In this analysis, it is used multiple regressions as one of the most important statistical methods. In the first part of this paper, it shows the connection among the growth of female employment, growth in frozen food expenditure and growth of GDP in United Kingdom. In the second part of paper, it shows the relationship among the growth of labor force participation of women, growth of number of kindergarten and growth of GDP in Hungary. To proof these relationships, it used a multiple regression model. This statistical model was tested by using the T schedule which showed that the model in both the analyses is correct. At the end of the paper, it presents that employment rate and GDP behaves in the same way in European Union. These analyses show that it is necessary to continue to strengthen gender equality if the policy makers want to achieve even greater economic growth. The issue of gender equality is a very important factor in creating employment policy, and statisticians should be more involved in process of employment policy and gender equality

牛性控冻精批量生产

经过近三个月的调试和试运行，内蒙古赛科星生物科技有限责任公司于日前正式投产牛性控冻精，这意味着我国无奶牛、肉牛性别控制冷冻精液生产企业的时代至此终结：

中国女性经济地位的历史演进及其当代启示

中国女性经济地位经历了"下降—上升—下降—上升"的反复过程。从历史变迁的角度分析了生产力、制度、思想、文化对女性经济地位的影响,我们认为生产力是决定女性经济地位的本质因素,社会性别制度是女性经济地位的一种表现形式,而思想流派和统治思想会影响社会性别制度的形成。为此,结合我国女性经济地位的现状,认为提升我国女性经济地位的关键在于消除生产力方面的性别差异,其次在于相关社会制度和价值体系的建立。