松花江流域农业技术与生产结构互动关系研究——基于1949—1984年统计数据的实证分析

农业生产结构不仅取决于当前社会的经济制度,还会受到农业技术的影响和制约,表现为农业技术与生产结构的共生互动关系。该文通过1949-1984年间松花江流域的农业机械使用、化肥投入以及水利兴修与农业结构走向的实证分析,揭示出农业技术与生产结构的相关关系。

异质性企业、生产结构与中国的出口技术结构——基于工业企业微观数据的分析

由于企业具有异质性,不同类型企业在生产中的地位不同,其在出口中的地位也不同。充分认识不同类型企业作用的大小是制定切实有效政策措施的基础。中国工业企业整体的出口与生产技术结构基本上是一致的,中高技术、中等技术产品既是主要的生产产品,也是主要的出口产品。在内资企业中,国有企业的生产技术结构最优,其他所有制企业的出口技术结构最优。外资企业的整体生产结构、出口结构都优于内资企业。在外资和合资企业中,非港澳台独资企业、合资企业的生产结构都优于港澳台资企业,非港澳台独资企业的出口技术结构最为高端化。港澳台合资企业的出口技术结构最为低端化,只有大型港澳台合资企业的生产结构劣于其出口结构,其他类型企业的生产结构整体上优于其出口结构。纠正中国出口主导企业和生产主导企业的主体错位问题,形成出口结构和生产结构的相互促进效应,以加快经济结构的调整,是未来中国经济政策调整的方向。

Impact of the Technological and Organizational Change on the Productivity and the Structure of Skill in the Tunisians Firms

The introduction of information and communication technologies （ICT） in the operation of businesses seems to contribute to the occurrence of important changes in the organizational practices, which, in turn, have an undeniable effect on the productivity and the request for qualification. Accordingly, this paper suggests an evaluation of the impact of technological and organizational innovations on the economic performances of the Tunisian firms （productivity and employment） in the period between 1997 and 2000. The technological innovations are approximated by the investments in software and hardware, and those are related to the organization of the costs of subcontracting.

China's Agricultural Development: Structural Contradictions and Policy Transition

The primary contradiction facing China's agricultural development has shifted from the previous undersupply to structural contradictions. This paper dissects these structural contradictions in terms of sectoral structure, product structure, organizational structure, technical structure, trade structure and spatial structure. Since reform and opening-up in 1978, China has followed a growth-oriented agricultural policy to ensure steady yield increase. Indeed, this policy has effectively increased the output of agricultural produce, safeguarded national food security, and enhanced agricultural production capabilities. However, China's agriculture is yet to become internationally competitive, increase efficiency and farmers' income, and improve the quality and safety of agricultural produce. As China's agricultural development enters into a new stage of comprehensive transition and upgrade, it is essential for China's agricultural policy to shift from the progrowth policy characterized by the dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to an efficiency and quality-oriented policy that pursues green agriculture.

资产存量刚性与投资结构转换

一、技术结构与固定资产重组 1.技术结构 长期以来,我国生产力发展一直处于不平衡状态,不同部门、地区和企业之间生产技术水平存在很大差异。如我国东部、中部和西部总体技术水平依次降低,生产同类产品的大型、中型和小型企业,其技术水平也是依次递减的。技术水平的多层次性决定了我国生产力技术结构不是单一的,而是多元的。从理论上讲,我国生产力技术结构可归纳为先进技术、

资产存量刚性与投资结构转换

本文认为,技术水平由低层次向高层次的不断转换过程,就是社会生产力总体水平不断提高的历史过程,也是生产力技术结构不断高级化的过程。资产存量自由流动能使生产要素组合处于一个动态优化过程之中,宏观上使投资结构变动与产业结构高级化相协调。无论是资产增量的分配与走向,还是资产存量的重组与流动,都包含着投资主体、经营主体向生产主体的利益再分配。只要利益结构存在扭曲和失衡,投资结构就不可能通过自组织功能进行自我转换。