浅述奶牛生产瘫痪病的诊断与治疗

奶牛生产瘫痪又叫产后瘫痪、产后麻痹，也称乳热症。本文分析了发病原因、临床症状，提出了诊断和治疗方法，对有效治疗奶牛生产瘫痪病具有指导意义。

奶牛生产瘫痪病的病因分析及治疗措施

母牛在分娩前后发生的突发性代谢疾病即为奶牛生产瘫痪病。患病奶牛通常会出现食欲减弱、精神萎靡、无法正常站立行走等症状,对奶牛机体健康产生极为不利的影响。基于此,本文将结合相关研究资料,着重围绕奶牛生产瘫痪病的病因与治疗措施进行简要分析研究。

对奶牛生产瘫痪病的病因分析及治疗分析

目的:分析奶牛生产瘫痪病的病因及治疗方案.方法:以某养殖场2017年1月~2018年1月的奶牛养殖工作为对照组,分析奶牛生产瘫痪病的病因,统计发生率,并给予对症治疗.另以该场2018年2月~2019年2月的奶牛养殖工作为观察组,结合回顾性分析结果,进行疾病预防,对发病奶牛进行对症治疗.对比两组奶牛生产瘫痪病的发生率、治疗有效率.结果:奶牛生产瘫痪病的病因包括营养配比不当、缺氧两大方面.观察组奶牛生产瘫痪病的发生率较低,与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05).两组奶牛生产瘫痪病的治疗有效率相近,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05).结论:奶牛生产瘫痪病的病因明确,治疗上强调对症性,可降低疾病发生率并保证治疗效果.

Effect of Chitinase-Producing Strain V-8 on Controlling Cotton Fusarium Wilt

[Objective] This study aimed to screen endophytic bacteria which is antag- onistic to cotton Fusarium wilt. [Method] Fresh cotton plants collected from cotton- growing areas in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province were used as experimental materials to isolate endophytic bacteria. Through chitinase test and co-culturing both micro-or- ganisms side by side on the same PDA culture plate, antagonistic strains to cotton Fusarium wilt were screened. [Result] A total of 83 bacterial isolates were obtained from cotton plants grown in the fields, six of which were chitinase-productive bacte- ria. Through chitinase test and co-culturing both micro-organisms side by side on the same PDA culture plate, strain V-8 which had the strongest antagonistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum was screened. Strain V-8 had a wider anti- fungal spectrum with certain inhibitory effect on all the six important pathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum; it colonized stably in the rhizospheric soil of cotton, with a colonization density of up to 6.2x10s cfu/g fifty days after inoc- ulation; the relative effect on controlling cotton Fusarium wilt in pot test was 73.2%. The Findings of this study suggested that strain V-8 had great potential for biological control of cotton Fusarium wilt and could be taken as a substantial material for the cloning of chitinase genes. [Conclusion] The results from this study provides bases for the control of cotton fusarium wilt, as well as the exploitation of endophytic bac- teria resources in cotton and the development of novel biological pesticides.

Changes of Physiological Characteristics and Yield in Peanut Varieties with Different Resistance Effected by Peanut Scab

In order to identify the resistance of peanut varieties against scab disease, the changes of physiological characteristics and yield in two peanut varieties ＇Heyou 13＇ and ＇Quanhual0＇ with different resistance effected by peanut scab were stud- ied in field experiment by spray. The results showed the soluble sugar increased firstly and then decreased both in the resistant and susceptible peanuts after inocu- lation. Compared with the control, the soluble sugar of resistant peanut was higher, and that of the susceptible peanut was lower, which implied that the peanut resis- tance to scab was positive correlated with soluble sugar content. The soluble pro- tein content in leaves of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties after inoculation was higher than that of the control. The peak of soluble protein content appeared earlier in the susceptible peanut than in the resistant peanut, which indicated that the susceptible peanut were more sensitive to the pathogen than the resistant peanut. The leaf SOD activity increased firstly and then decreased both in resistant and susceptible varieties, while the decrease in the resistant variety were lower than in the susceptible variety. With the growth process, the CAT and POD activities first decreased, then increased, and again decreased. Compared with the corresponding control, the resistant variety had relatively higher CAT and POD activities than the susceptible variety, which illustrated that the protective enzymes played important roles in resistance mechanism to scab. The MDA content of the two peanut vari- eties after inoculation increased, indicating that plasma membranes were subjected to different degrees of damage. The yield of resistant and susceptible varieties after inoculation reduced, while the yield of the susceptible peanut of ＇Quanhua 10＇ reduced greater.

Effects of sex and generation on hepatitis B viral load in families with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM To explore factors associated with persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-affected families and then investigate factors that correlate with individual viral load among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive relatives. METHODS questionnaire. Demographics, relationship to index case, HBsAg status of mothers and index cases were evaluated for association with the HBV persistent infection or viral load by generalized estimating equation analysis. RESULTS Among 729 relatives enrolled, parent generation (P = 0.0076), index generation (P = 0.0044), mothers positive for HBsAg (P = 0.0007), and HBsAg-positive index cases (P = 5.98 x 10(-8)) were associated with persistent HBV infection. Factors associated with HBV viral load were evaluated among 303 HBsAg-positive relatives. Parent generation (P = 0.0359) and sex (P = 0.0007) were independent factors associated with HBV viral load. The intra-family HBV viral load was evaluated in families clustered with HBsAg-positive siblings. An intra-family trend of similar HBV viral load was found for 27 of 46 (58.7%) families. Male offspring of HBsAg-positive mothers (P = 0.024) and older siblings were associated with high viral load. CONCLUSION Sex and generation play important roles on HBV viral load. Maternal birth age and nutritional changes could be the reasons of viral load difference between generations.

Production of CCHF Virus-Like Particle by a Baculovirus-Insect Cell Expression System

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-born virus of the Nairovirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family,which is widespread and causes high fatality.The nucleocapsid of CCHFV is comprised of N proteins that are encoded by the S segment.In this research,the N protein of CCHFV was expressed in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus.Under an electron microscope,Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) with various size and morphology were observed in cytoplasmic vesicles in the infected cells.Sucrose-gradient purification of the cell lysate indicated that the VLPs were mainly located in the upper fraction after ultracentrifugation,which was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immuno-electron microscopy (IEM).

Efficient production of transgenic chickens using self-inactive HIV-based lentiviral vectors

We demonstrated the simple and effective production of transgenic chickens, in which the enhanced green fluorescence protein （EGFP） was expressed by using third-generation self-inactive HIV-based lentiviral vectors. In our experiments, lentiviruses were injected into 204 fertilized eggs, from which 30 （15%） chickens were hatched. The exogenous gene was detected in the genomes of 16 out of 30 （53%） chickens. The green fluorescence signal was observed directly in various body parts, and was particularly significant in the testes. The transgenes were also found in the offspring of these chickens. The results indicate that HIV-based lentiviral vectors can be used to generate transgenic birds economically and effectively [ Current Zoology 55 （5）： 383 - 387,2009].

Progress in the Study of False Smut Disease in Rice

Rice false smut disease is an increasing concern for research and production, not only because of the increasing epidemic occurrence in rice production, but also the intriguing specific pathogenesis of the disease to be a unique pathological system to enrich the molecular mechanism of plant-microbe interaction. Progresses have been achieved in the pathogen phylogenetic placement, the alternative hosts, the pathogen morphology and diversity, the toxins generated by false smut balls, the artificial inoculation method, and the pathogen transformation as well as rice resistance to the disease. However, it is still controversy on the infection process. It is not clear how the life cycle of this pathogen is coupled with the disease cycle. This review summarized our current understanding on the pathogen, the pathogenesis, and the rice resistance to the disease. Future work should pay attention to developing a more rapid and effective system to evaluate rice resistance and susceptibility to the disease, screening of rice germplasm for disease-resistance breeding, studying the resistance inheritance, and investigating the molecular mechanism of rice-false smut fungus interaction.

Prevalence of Rice Diseases in Ogor and Orum Sub-counties, Otuke District

Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is an important food staple in most of the tropical and sub tropical countries of the world. In Uganda, rice has grown to become an important food security crop and source of cash income for the majority of the rural farming communities across the country. Despite its importance, rice production has consistently remained low averaging 1.5 t/ha under farm conditions. The low production of rice is attributed to a number of production constraints. Therefore the objective of the survey was to ascertain the major production constraints in rice growing in the two sub-counties of Orum and Ogor, Otuke district. A diagnostic survey using semi- structured questionnaires was conducted in the two sub counties between July and August 2010 to gather information on the major production constraints from key informants, opinion leaders, farmers, technical and political leaderships. The findings showed that diseases were the major constraints in rice production accounting to 27% compared to other constraints. The other constraints included insect pests （23%）, weeds （21%）, drought （20%） and low prices （9%）. The major diseases encountered were rice blast （30%）, brown spot （23%）, rice yellow mottle virus （19%）, sheath rot （15%） and grain rot （13%）. Overall, diseases accounted for 79% of the yield reduction in rice. The implication of these findings therefore is that diseases and other constraints in rice production must be adequately identified for easy management to ensure sustainable rice production. More importantly, farmers should be sensitised on disease recognition, means of spread and control.

A Sustainable Agriculture Production Model of Pampanga State Agricultural University in Central Luzon, Philippines

Alternative Low-Input Agriculture Systems （ALIAS） center advocates organic and sustainable food production system through farm/field demonstration and piloting. The center undertakes activities, including research and development, extension and training, technology dissemination, linkaging and promotional activities. The study established a campus-based demonstration technology showcasing ALIAS to facilitate easy technology diffusion. The objectives of this research were to promote： （1） bio-fertilizers and plant-based pesticides in managing insect pests and diseases of organic vegetables and fruit crops; （2） lotus-tilapia integration as a new modality of farming system in frequently flooded areas; （3） honeybee as pollinators to enhance productivity of organic vegetable and fruit crops; （4） Adlai as intercrop to organic vegetable and fruit crops in support to rice sufficiency; （5） native chicken-coffee integration. The results show that： （1） microbial inoculants and plant-based pesticides are effective in controlling diseases and insect pest, respectively; （2） lotus integration in tilapia production system have no negative effect on the tilapia yield; （3） honeybees as pollinators enhances fruit setting by 42%-68% in different crops; （4） Adlai is a viable intercrop for organic vegetable and fruit crops; （5） native chicken integration was found to be beneficial in terms of soil fertility, insect pest control, natural weeding practices and cultivation in the coffee plantation.

A nested case-control study of maternal-neonatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in a Chinese population

AIM:To examine the determinants of maternal-neonatal transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) METHODS:A nested case-control study was conducted in Changsha,Hunan,People's Republic of China from January 1,2005 to September 31,2006 To avoid potential maternal blood contamination,we collected vein blood of newborns immediately after birth and before initial hepatitis B vaccination to determine the HBV infection status of the newborn For each HBsAg-positive infant,one HBsAg-negative infant born to an HBsAg-positive mother was matched by hospital at birth(same),gender(same),and date of birth(within 1 mo) A faceto-face interview was conducted to collect clinical and epidemiological data Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the independent effects of various determinants on maternal-neonatal transmission of HBV RESULTS:A total of 141 HBsAg-positive infants and 141 individually matched HBsAg-negative infants were included in the final analysis Maternal first-degree family history of HBV infection,intrahepatic cholestasis,and premature rupture of membranes were risk factors for perinatal transmission of HBV,whereas systematic treatment and HBV immunoglobulin injections for mothers with HBV infection were protective factors for maternal-neonatal transmission of HBV,after adjustment for potential confounding factors CONCLUSION:For HBsAg-positive mothers,systematic treatment,HBV immunoglobulin administration,and controlling intrahepatic cholestasis and pregnancy complications may reduce the incidence of perinatal transmission of HBV.

Alpha-fetoprotein-producing rectum adenocarcinoma:A case report

A case with an Alpha-fetoprotein-producing(AFP-producing) carcinoma originating from the rectum was described.A 41-year-old man,who underwent a palliative surgery for rectal carcinoma,was diagnosed with occupying liver lesions and a remarkable AFP elevation(3484.61 ng/mL),and the AFP declined obviously 10 days after the palliative surgery.So we carried out a biopsy of the liver lesions.The histopathology was reported as low differentiation adenocarcinoma.The immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells via liver biopsy showed:Villin,CDX-2 was positive,Glypican-3 was partial positive,CK7,CK20,AFP,Hepatocyte were all negative.The initial histopathology was reported as an AFP-producing rectum adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis,which was a rare disease.So far,only 17 reports,none has been reported in China.Then,we summarize the characteristic of the disease:diagnosed with hepatic metastasis,raised serum AFP and a poor outcome,in addition to primary symptoms.This kind of disease is highly malignant.

Effect of Silicon and Nitrogen Nutrition on Pest and Disease Intensity in Rice

Nutrition management is the most important for high yield production but it may affect the response of rice plants to pest and diseases due to the change of microclimate under rice plant canopy. The knowledge of nutrition management and its relation with pest and diseases are basis for setting up a high yield production system. Most of the pest and disease control procedures used by farmers can be considered as soil fertility management and these nutrition practices can have impact on the physiological susceptibility of crop plants to pest and diseases by affecting the plant resistance. Silicon content of plants is particularly effective against pest and diseases in rice and certain rice genotypes are more efficient accumulators of silicon, thus making them more resistant. In the absence of natural heritable resistance in rice varieties, resistance could be induced by altemate strategies to suppress certain pest and pathogens. Hence experiments were carried out in two stages during kharif 2010 and 2011 to assess the concentration of silicon in the index leaves of rice plant utilizing 133 varieties in four locations. The silica content of promising varieties ranged from 1.50% to 3.20%, 1.60% to 3.15%, 1.49% to 3.20% and 1.55% to 3.06% with a mean values of 2.50%, 2.48%, 2.51% and 2.43% at Jagtial, Warangal, Rajendranagar and Rudrur centres of Telangana region and not much variation in mean silica content in index leaves at different places. The overall yield from four locations ranged from 2,653 kg/ha to 6,860 kg/ha with a mean of 5,624 kg/ha. The yields recorded at Jagtial, Warangal, Rajendranagar and Rudrur centres ranged from 2,886 to 7,198, 2,653 to 6,831, 2,653 to 6,860 and 4,399 to 5,950 kg/ha, respectively. The lowest mean yield 5,069 kg/ha was noticed at Rudrur and the highest yield 5,940 kg/ha was found at Warangal. The variations in yields might be due to genotypic variations and also due to variations in climatic conditions of different locations.

Breeding of a New High-yield, High-oil and Web Blotch-resistant Big Peanut Variety Shanghua 511

Shanghua 511 is a high-yield, high-oil and web blotch-resistant big peanut variety bred by the Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences through sexual hybridization （Yuhua 18♀×Shangyan 9658♂）. In the wheat-peanut interplanting regional experiment conducted in Henan Province during 2012-2013, the average pod and seed yield of Shanghua 511 were 5906.19 and 4149.3 kg/hm2, respectively. In the wheat-peanut interplanting production experiment conducted in Henan Province in 2013, the average pod and seed yield of Shanghua 511 were 6036.45 and 4309.50 kg/hm2, respectively. In the kernels of Shanghua 511, the contents of crude fat, oleic acid and linoleic acid were 56.62%, 44.9% and 33.4% respectively, and the oleic/linoleic acid ratio was 1.34. This variety had high resistance to web blotch and medium resistance to leaf spot, viral diseases, root rot and collar rot. The 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling percentage and growth period of Shanghua 511 were 270.6, 110.9 g, 70.6% and 120 d, respectively. Shanghua 511 passed the approval of Henan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in August, 2015, and is suitable for spring sowing and wheat interplanting in the surrounding area of Henan Province and the area to the north of Huaihe River.

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Bluetongue Virus

In the present study,a total of 24 MAbs were produced against bluetongue virus (BTV) by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) mediated fusion method using sensitized lymphocytes and myeloma cells. All these clones were characterized for their reactivity to whole virus and recombinant BTV-VP7 protein,titres,isotypes and their reactivity with 24 BTV-serotype specific sera in cELISA. Out of 24 clones,a majority of them (n = 18) belong to various IgG subclasses and the remaining (n = 6) to the IgM class. A panel of eight clones reactive to both whole BTV and purified rVP7 protein were identified based on their reactivity in iELISA. For competitive ELISA,the clone designated as 4A10 showed better inhibition to hyperimmune serum of BTV serotype 23. However,this clone showed a variable percent of inhibition ranging from16.6% with BTV 12 serotype to 78.9% with BTV16 serotype using 24 serotype specific sera of BTV originating from guinea pig at their lowest dilutions. From the available panel of clones,only 4A10 was found to have a possible diagnostic application.

Nurses’experiences of caring for preterm infants in pain:A metaethnography

Objective:Preterm infants are subjected to numerous painful procedures during their neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)hospitalization.Despite advancements in pain alleviation,nurses remain challenged to provide timely and effective pain management for preterm infants.Greater understanding of the lived experience of nurses caring for preterm infants in pain could provide novel insights to improve pain management for this vulnerable population.The aim of this meta-ethnography was to synthesize and interpret qualitative findings of nurses’experiences of taking care of preterm infants in pain.Methods:An extensive literature search in PubMed,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Scopus,BIOSIS and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Database was conducted,including studies within the past 10 years.Two nursing researchers conducted data extraction and analysis independently.Inclusion criteria were applied to search for qualitative studies of nurse participants who worked in the NICU taking care of preterm infants.Studies published in a language other than English,articles that did not include qualitative data and qualitative data that could not be extracted from the findings or did not discuss nurses’experiences were excluded.Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used for literature quality evaluation.Results:Eight studies remained after further screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.These eight studies were conducted from 2013 to 2018 and totally enrolled 205 nurses from Iran,Canada,the United States,Finland,Sweden,Switzerland,and Australia.Five themes emerged on the nurses’perspectives of taking care of preterm infants in pain:1)They sense the neonatal pain;2)Adverse consequences of unrelieved pain;3)Barriers of managing pain;4)Concerns of available approaches for pain relief;5)Failure to work with parents.Conclusions:This meta-ethnography identified nurses’understanding of pain in preterm infants that can be assessed,and they acknowledged that unrelieved pain could cause developmental deficits in infants.The barriers are lack of training and support on pain assessment and intervention in preterm infants.Optimizing workload and environment,developing age-specified pain assessment and intervention,receiving emotional support and training,and building up a rapport with parents are urgent needs for nurses to provide better care to infants having pain.

Evaluation of Free Radicals and Antioxidant Properties of Virus Infected Food Crops in Azerbaijan

Abstract： Viral diseases are an important limiting factor in many crop production systems in Azerbaijan. Symptomatic plants in main crop-producing areas were tested by ELISA （enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay） using specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Then RCA （rolling circle amplification） of circular DNA and PCR using different specific primer pairs have indicated that the tested symptomatic plant samples were completely infected by the following viruses： Luteovirus [BLRV （Bean leaf roll virus）], Potyviruses [BCMV （Bean common mosaic virus）, BYMV （Bean yellow mosaic virus）], Bromovirus [（AMV） Alfa-alfa mosaic virus], Geminiviruses [CpCDV （ Cickpea chlorotic dwarf virus） and TYLCV （Tomato yellow leaf curl virus）] and Nanoviruses [two different FBNYV （Faba bean necrotic yellow virus） and FBNSV （Faba bean necrotic stunt virus）]. At the same time generation sites of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals and activity of antioxidant enzymes were studied in the naturally infected plants.

Test of Culture and Biomass Production of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana （Bals.-Criv.） （Vu//., 1912） on Lactoserm, Margine and Olive Pomace

Entomopathogenic microorganisms occupy an important place among the alternative methods of fighting against pests insect. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is an agent naturally present in ecosystems. It has potential to control pest populations. In the context of biological control, the present work aims to the study of linear growth of Beauveria bassiana on different natural environments from the food industry. They are the raw whey, water and pomace, and followed the development of the fungus through a trial production of biomass on deproteinized whey.