The basic theory and effect of the new farming method of "Fenlong" cultivation which has been included in the main extension technology of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China is fully illustra...The basic theory and effect of the new farming method of "Fenlong" cultivation which has been included in the main extension technology of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China is fully illustrated for the first time, and it is the fourth set (generation) of farming modes and methods following manpower, animal and mechanical (tractor) farming. It follows the natural law to achieve soil activation, water saving, oxygen increase, warming and desalination through the active use of natural resources like soil, rainfall and solar energy, thereby promoting a new round of natural agricultural production and quality improvement and water con- servation, which has crop yield increase by 10%-30%, quality improvement of 5%, natural precipitation retaining increase by100%. The characteristics and mechanism are the use of spiral drill for one-time completion of the land preparation by drilling vertically to 30-50 cm of soil layer through high speed peeling. After instant high temperature and many fierce impacts, mechanical frictions, it could achieve the multiplication of the number of loose soil, soil physical modification and expansion of the soil nutrients, reservoirs, oxygen, microorganisms ("Four pools"). Fenlong cultivation can give birth to new farming culture and civilization, and it can achieve the physical "desalinized" transformation and utilization of saline soil. The formation of Fenlong green farming technology system makes it possible to invent the farming tools of "serf-propelled Fenlong machinery" that has got the patent, and it is the method for farmland (dry land, paddy field) Fenlong cultivation, saline-alkali soil smash-ridging cultivation and for the abundance of grass ecology on degraded grassland. The application of Fenlong "4+1" (arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City+rivers) green development in China can achieve the "double safety" of food and living space.展开更多
The white jade worship, born in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, brought about a "Protestant Revolution" in the development history of Chinese jade mythology, which had deep influence on the nation's ideology and mate...The white jade worship, born in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, brought about a "Protestant Revolution" in the development history of Chinese jade mythology, which had deep influence on the nation's ideology and material production in the following 3,000 years. The myths of the Yellow Emperor's eating the white jade cream and the Queen Mother of the West living in Kunlun Jade Mountain, as recorded in Classic of Mountains and Seas, are mythological imaginations of the historical reality that the jades were spread from the West to the East and recreated by people living in the early state of the Central Plains. All such motifs, no matter the white jade cream that produced black jades, the Yellow Emperor's planting the jade flowers, the Kunlun Jade Mountains (the Mountain of Jades) where the Queen Mother of the West lives or the Jade Lake, clearly show Chinese indigenous worship for the white jades. Scholars like Su Xuelin and Ling Chunsheng think that Queen Mother of the West is the goddess of the moon that originated from the old West Asian civilization. However, such idea is full of contradictions and flaws after the discovery of Chinese unique worship for white jades and the holy mountain of Kunlun. The book Classic of Mountains and Seas, with records of 140 mountains that produce jades and 16 mountains that produce white jades, can be the white jade worshippers' bible to explore the holy material resources.展开更多
Jatropha curcas (L) has gained popularity as a biodiesel plant to serve as an alternative fuel source and generate income to small landholders. From the Bioenergy policy of Ghana, the government is collaborating wit...Jatropha curcas (L) has gained popularity as a biodiesel plant to serve as an alternative fuel source and generate income to small landholders. From the Bioenergy policy of Ghana, the government is collaborating with the private sector to develop about one million hectares of Jatropha plantation throughout the country. The objective of this study was to assess the importance which farmers give to ,Jcurcas compared with other indigenous tree species and identify the indigenous uses and niches of J. curcas in Ghana. Three farming communities were selected from each of the ten regions. A total of six hundred farmers, consisting of twenty farmers from each community were selected at random and interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that J curcas was identified as one of the most important tree species in nine out of the ten regions. Majority (56%) of the respondents indicated that it is mainly used for medicinal purpose and mostly found around homesteads. However. the study observed that, research attention is needed on integration into agricultural lands, germplasm collection and genetic improvement. These findings will help boost production ofJ. curcas in Ghana for the nation to realize her dream of alternative fuel from the plant.展开更多
[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm res...[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources collected from the wild was assessed from the aspects of cellulose,semicellulose,lignin and crude ash contents and caloric value.[Result]The total content of cellulose and semicellulose ranged from 41.75%to 69.13%,the lignin content ranged from 2.16%to 11.75%,the crude ash content ranged from 4.79%to 9.34%and the caloric value ranged from 16.00 to 17.69 MJ/kg among the 30 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms.Compared to other plants,Saccharum spontaneum L.had higher contents of cellulose and semicellulose,a higher caloric value but lower contents of lignin and crude ash.[Conclusion]From the perspective of producing fuel ethanol with lignocellulose,Saccharum spontaneum L.has a great potential for development as an energy plant.展开更多
The large reserves ofoil are disposed in zones of permafrost in shelf and continental fields. In Europe the subarctic and arctic tundra are abundant only in Nenetsky autonomous area and in the north-east of the republ...The large reserves ofoil are disposed in zones of permafrost in shelf and continental fields. In Europe the subarctic and arctic tundra are abundant only in Nenetsky autonomous area and in the north-east of the republic of Komi. Oil and gas production activity has threatened richest biological resources and health of the population of the region. A singularity of petroliferous fields of the north of Russia is the existence of the thick strata of permafrost. On top of them different heat-insulating overlying layers (snow, biogenic covers) reside. State and dynamics of permafrost cause progressing dangerous exogenic geoecological processes, which are exhibited completely. State of permafrost is instituted by exchange of heat in near-surface strata of a geological section. During the development of oil fields there is a disturbance of a temperature schedule of permafrost. For estimation of technical attack the analytical computational method of influence of the different factors on value of annual heat exchange and prediction of geocryological conditions is proposed. It is shown, that such dangerous phenomena as degradation of permafrost and thermokarst would develop in the first place, which would cause the destruction of natural ecosystems.展开更多
Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio (organic) food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or ...Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio (organic) food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or landraces for their possible further use we tested selected emmer wheat accessions maintained in the Czech Gene Bank. In the set of 8 emmer wheat accessions, the main grain components, bread making characteristics and contents of health supporting chemical substances such as total dietary fibre content and its components, content of total polyphenols plus catechin and ferulic acid contents, vitamins of the B group and E plus total content of carotenoids were evaluated by standard methods. Tests of bread making quality confirmed a very well known fact that emmer wheat grain is much more suitable for other purposes as whole grain mixtures, cereal pure, etc. than for bread preparation. The results indicate the possibilities to select emmer wheat genotypes differing in grain composition and containing compounds with positive effects on human health. Among the tested emmer wheat accessions the Rudico variety had a complex of positive characteristics such as content of total dietary fibre, total polyphenol content with prevailing catechin and the highest amount of B group vitamins such as B 1, B2, niacin, pantothenic acid and B6.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2014BAD06B05)the Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi(2017AA22015)~~
文摘The basic theory and effect of the new farming method of "Fenlong" cultivation which has been included in the main extension technology of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China is fully illustrated for the first time, and it is the fourth set (generation) of farming modes and methods following manpower, animal and mechanical (tractor) farming. It follows the natural law to achieve soil activation, water saving, oxygen increase, warming and desalination through the active use of natural resources like soil, rainfall and solar energy, thereby promoting a new round of natural agricultural production and quality improvement and water con- servation, which has crop yield increase by 10%-30%, quality improvement of 5%, natural precipitation retaining increase by100%. The characteristics and mechanism are the use of spiral drill for one-time completion of the land preparation by drilling vertically to 30-50 cm of soil layer through high speed peeling. After instant high temperature and many fierce impacts, mechanical frictions, it could achieve the multiplication of the number of loose soil, soil physical modification and expansion of the soil nutrients, reservoirs, oxygen, microorganisms ("Four pools"). Fenlong cultivation can give birth to new farming culture and civilization, and it can achieve the physical "desalinized" transformation and utilization of saline soil. The formation of Fenlong green farming technology system makes it possible to invent the farming tools of "serf-propelled Fenlong machinery" that has got the patent, and it is the method for farmland (dry land, paddy field) Fenlong cultivation, saline-alkali soil smash-ridging cultivation and for the abundance of grass ecology on degraded grassland. The application of Fenlong "4+1" (arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City+rivers) green development in China can achieve the "double safety" of food and living space.
文摘The white jade worship, born in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, brought about a "Protestant Revolution" in the development history of Chinese jade mythology, which had deep influence on the nation's ideology and material production in the following 3,000 years. The myths of the Yellow Emperor's eating the white jade cream and the Queen Mother of the West living in Kunlun Jade Mountain, as recorded in Classic of Mountains and Seas, are mythological imaginations of the historical reality that the jades were spread from the West to the East and recreated by people living in the early state of the Central Plains. All such motifs, no matter the white jade cream that produced black jades, the Yellow Emperor's planting the jade flowers, the Kunlun Jade Mountains (the Mountain of Jades) where the Queen Mother of the West lives or the Jade Lake, clearly show Chinese indigenous worship for the white jades. Scholars like Su Xuelin and Ling Chunsheng think that Queen Mother of the West is the goddess of the moon that originated from the old West Asian civilization. However, such idea is full of contradictions and flaws after the discovery of Chinese unique worship for white jades and the holy mountain of Kunlun. The book Classic of Mountains and Seas, with records of 140 mountains that produce jades and 16 mountains that produce white jades, can be the white jade worshippers' bible to explore the holy material resources.
文摘Jatropha curcas (L) has gained popularity as a biodiesel plant to serve as an alternative fuel source and generate income to small landholders. From the Bioenergy policy of Ghana, the government is collaborating with the private sector to develop about one million hectares of Jatropha plantation throughout the country. The objective of this study was to assess the importance which farmers give to ,Jcurcas compared with other indigenous tree species and identify the indigenous uses and niches of J. curcas in Ghana. Three farming communities were selected from each of the ten regions. A total of six hundred farmers, consisting of twenty farmers from each community were selected at random and interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that J curcas was identified as one of the most important tree species in nine out of the ten regions. Majority (56%) of the respondents indicated that it is mainly used for medicinal purpose and mostly found around homesteads. However. the study observed that, research attention is needed on integration into agricultural lands, germplasm collection and genetic improvement. These findings will help boost production ofJ. curcas in Ghana for the nation to realize her dream of alternative fuel from the plant.
基金Supported by Tropical Forage Grass Germplasm Conservation Project of Ministry of AgricultureModern Agriculture Talent Support Program of Ministry of AgricultureTropical Crop Germplasm Protection Project of Ministry of Agriculture(12RZZY-09)
文摘[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources collected from the wild was assessed from the aspects of cellulose,semicellulose,lignin and crude ash contents and caloric value.[Result]The total content of cellulose and semicellulose ranged from 41.75%to 69.13%,the lignin content ranged from 2.16%to 11.75%,the crude ash content ranged from 4.79%to 9.34%and the caloric value ranged from 16.00 to 17.69 MJ/kg among the 30 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms.Compared to other plants,Saccharum spontaneum L.had higher contents of cellulose and semicellulose,a higher caloric value but lower contents of lignin and crude ash.[Conclusion]From the perspective of producing fuel ethanol with lignocellulose,Saccharum spontaneum L.has a great potential for development as an energy plant.
文摘The large reserves ofoil are disposed in zones of permafrost in shelf and continental fields. In Europe the subarctic and arctic tundra are abundant only in Nenetsky autonomous area and in the north-east of the republic of Komi. Oil and gas production activity has threatened richest biological resources and health of the population of the region. A singularity of petroliferous fields of the north of Russia is the existence of the thick strata of permafrost. On top of them different heat-insulating overlying layers (snow, biogenic covers) reside. State and dynamics of permafrost cause progressing dangerous exogenic geoecological processes, which are exhibited completely. State of permafrost is instituted by exchange of heat in near-surface strata of a geological section. During the development of oil fields there is a disturbance of a temperature schedule of permafrost. For estimation of technical attack the analytical computational method of influence of the different factors on value of annual heat exchange and prediction of geocryological conditions is proposed. It is shown, that such dangerous phenomena as degradation of permafrost and thermokarst would develop in the first place, which would cause the destruction of natural ecosystems.
文摘Emmer wheat cultivated by organic farmers is used as a component of some bio (organic) food products. Its positive influence on consumer health is caused by grain composition. With the aim of selecting varieties or landraces for their possible further use we tested selected emmer wheat accessions maintained in the Czech Gene Bank. In the set of 8 emmer wheat accessions, the main grain components, bread making characteristics and contents of health supporting chemical substances such as total dietary fibre content and its components, content of total polyphenols plus catechin and ferulic acid contents, vitamins of the B group and E plus total content of carotenoids were evaluated by standard methods. Tests of bread making quality confirmed a very well known fact that emmer wheat grain is much more suitable for other purposes as whole grain mixtures, cereal pure, etc. than for bread preparation. The results indicate the possibilities to select emmer wheat genotypes differing in grain composition and containing compounds with positive effects on human health. Among the tested emmer wheat accessions the Rudico variety had a complex of positive characteristics such as content of total dietary fibre, total polyphenol content with prevailing catechin and the highest amount of B group vitamins such as B 1, B2, niacin, pantothenic acid and B6.