快乐第一,设计生动的语文课堂作业

单纯的理论课程学习虽然能够让学生学习到重要的知识,但是难免会让学生感觉到枯燥无味之感,将多样化的教学活动融入到课堂之中,则可以让学生的学习产生快乐之情。尤其对于语文课堂作业来说,更加需要教师的优化和设计,通过设计方式和内容的丰富,达到让学生快乐学习的目的。基于此,本文就如何进行语文课堂作业设计进行分析,以供参考。

快乐第一,设计生动的语文课堂作业

单纯的理论课程学习虽然能够让学生学习到重要的知识，但是难免会让学生感觉到枯燥无味之感，将多样化的教学活动融入到课堂之中，则可以让学生的学习产生快乐之情。尤其对于语文课堂作业来说，更加需要教师的优化和设计，通过设计方式和内容的丰富，达到让学生快乐学习的目的。基于此，本文就如何进行语文课堂作业设计进行分析，以供参考。

澳大利亚植物园中的城市生物多样性设计与保护策略

由于景观起源、物理环境条件和社会经济发展的差异,在南北半球,学术界对城市生物多样性及其与生态设计方法的相互作用有着不同的理解。数千年来,澳大利亚本土植物群落在这片大陆繁衍生息,形成了生物多样性极高的独特景观。植物园融合自然和人造元素,具有科研和保育功能,其设计与规划反映了科学知识随时间变化的动态特征,也为研究不同社会群体在过去如何利用和重视植物提供了的独特视角,植物园的生态设计方法反映了重视和保护生物多样性的新愿景。以澳大利亚为例,研究并回顾了植物园在保护生物多样性方面的益处,讨论了为展示生物多样性植物园设计重点的变化,分析了澳大利亚植物园的设计历史、澳大利亚本土生物多样性以及以生物多样性为重点的设计解决方案。为了解澳大利亚当地生物多样性和制定植物园示范保护与策略提供研究框架,为重新思考和加强植物园设计中的"生物多样性"提供新视角。

Vehicle kinematics modeling and design of vehicle trajectory generator system

A trajectory generator based on vehicle kinematics model was presented and an integrated navigation simulation system was designed.Considering that the tight relation between vehicle motion and topography,a new trajectory generator for vehicle was proposed for more actual simulation.Firstly,a vehicle kinematics model was built based on conversion of attitude vector in different coordinate systems.Then,the principle of common trajectory generators was analyzed.Besides,combining the vehicle kinematics model with the principle of dead reckoning,a new vehicle trajectory generator was presented,which can provide process parameters of carrier anytime and achieve simulation of typical actions of running vehicle.Moreover,IMU(inertial measurement unit) elements were simulated,including accelerometer and gyroscope.After setting up the simulation conditions,the integrated navigation simulation system was verified by final performance test.The result proves the validity and flexibility of this design.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation on Biomedical Stent Design

The stent was a major breakthrough in the treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The permanent vascular implant of a stent, however, changes the intra-stent blood flow hemodynamics. There is a growing consensus that the stent implant may change the artery wall shear stress distribution and hence lead to the restenosis process. Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） has been widely used to analyze hemodynamics in stented arteries. In this paper, two CFD models （the axisymmetric model and the 3-D stent model） were developed to investigate the effects of strut geometry and blood rheology on the intra-stent hemodynamics. The velocity profile, flow recirculation, and wall shear stress distribution of various stent strut geometries were studied. Results show strong correlations between the intra-stent hemodynamics and strut geometry. The intra-stent blood flow is very sensitive to the strut height and fillet size. A round strut with a large fillet size shows 36% and 34% reductions in key parameters evaluating the restenosis risk for the axisymmetric model and the 3-D stent model, respectively. This suggests that electrochemical polishing, a surface-improving process during stent manufacturing, strongly influences the hemodynamic behavior in stented arteries and should be controlled precisely in order to achieve the best clinical outcome. Rheological effects on the wall shear stress are minor in both axisymmetric and 3-D stent models for the vessel diameter of 4 mm, with Newtonian flow simulation tending to give more conservative estimates ofrestenosis risk. Therefore, it is reasonable to simulate the blood flow as a Newtonian flow in stented arteries using the simpler axisymmetric model. These findings will provide great insights for stent design optimization for potential restenosis improvement.

Prediction of pyrolysis kinetic parameters from biomass constituents based on simplex-lattice mixture design

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the main chemical components ofbiomass： cellulose, hemicel- lulose and lignin, on chemical kinetics ofbiomass pyrolysis. The experiments were designed based on a simplex- lattice mixture design. The pyrolysis was observed by using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The curves obtained from the employed analytical method fit the experimental data （R2 〉 0.9）. This indicated that this method has the potential to determine the kinetic parameters such as the activation energy （E~）, frequency factor （A） and re- action order （n） for each point of the experimental design. The results obtained from the simplex-lattice mixture design indicated that cellulose had a significant effect on Ea and A, and the interaction between cellulose and lignin had an important effect on the reaction order, n. The proposed models were then proved to be useful for predicting pyrolysis behavior in real biomass and so could be used as a simple approximation for predicting the overall trend of chemical reaction kinetics.

Design Automation of the Manufacturing Process of a Mini Biodiesel Plant

The increasing pollution in the atmospheric layer has meant world-wide temperature variations, causing the melting of icecaps and floods, among other environmental factors. This change in temperature has been mainly caused by the indiscriminate emission of CO2, especially due to the rising number of vehicles in circulation. Researchers have identified that, among other types of fuel, diesel has the highest level of CO2 emission. Hence the need for the development of biodiesel, produced from oleaginous plants, aimed at reducing the emission of this harmful gas into the atmosphere, besides using renewable resources. However, as in any automation process, it is necessary to have sensors, actuators, and controllers, which together perform the automation and control of the production process. Besides that, there are other process variables to be accounted for, such as temperature, flow, and level. Considering such concept, and within the academic context, the creation process of a mini biodiesel plant will be described.

Industrial Design Graduates in the Nigerian Labour Market： Unemployed or Unemployable

The annual turnout of faculty graduates in Nigeria is not only increasing numerically but it is ironically, unemployed and other times unemployable. This assertion is supported by researches in the social sciences and reasons adduced to the trend range from lack of qualitative and unavailability of teaching and research facilities, as well as insufficient capable human resources among others. This paper x-rayed the case of Industrial Design graduates and their post training outcome, to understand whether or not graduates of Industrial Design are gainfully employed, unemployed, or unemployable; and why？ Research design used was survey, while the instrument administered on the sample size was structured questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty-three （233） students of Industrial Design constituted the sample size. The research questions were analyzed with the aid of Table of frequency distribution, while a non-parametric test by way of Friedman＇s two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the hypotheses. The outcome of the study revealed that, though the programme of Industrial Design is evolving as craft-based, it is viable. Graduates of the programme are not unemployable in the Nigerian labour market. Finally, the paper proffers solutions and recommendations in form of ideas and deductions to enhance the aim of the study.

The Nutritive Value of Leaves and Fruits of Three Grewia Species under Semi-Arid Environment

This study was carried out to assess the leaves and fruits of Grewia mollis, Grewia tenax and Grewia villosa for their potentials to produce high nutritive value fodder under semi-arid conditions. The experiment was conducted at the farm of the College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba-Khartoum-Sudan. Randomized Complete Block design with three replications was used. Proximate analysis was carried to estimate nutritive value, and mineral contents of leaves, seeds and fruit pulp of the three species. Results indicated significant difference （P ≤ 0.05） in nutritive value of the leaves among the three species; dry matter, ash, and acid detergent factor （ADF） kg/ha, while no significant difference was observed among the species in crude protein （CP） and nutrient detergent factor （NDF） kg/ha. Mineral contents of the leaves of the three species showed variations among the species and seasons. Seeds and fruit pulp were found to have considerable levels of nutrients and mineral contents. The nutritive value of the three species was higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season. The results of this study indicate that the three species can be introduced as a source of fodder in animal production farms and silvopastural systems.

Design and Sizing Electric Micro Generator Using Thermoelectric Modules

This paper presents the development of a methodology for calculating sizing electric micro sources of power generation using TEG （thermoelectric modules） to capture energy industrial process waste. Since the thermoelectric modules are able to convert a temperature gradient directly into electricity and still occupy a small space, and have no vibration or noise during operation. Furthermore, the cogeneration using thermoelectric modules is totally clean and reuses part of the residual thermal energy to generate power, or improve the overall yield of the process and avoid the emission of gases to the environment. Therefore, this research contributes to the development of a green energy to numerical modeling for the design and dimensioning of micro-sources of electric power generation from performance curves and predetermined temperature gradients industrial processes. The result is an effective methodology for the design and conditioning the voltage level and power of micro allowing the size of the electrical quickly and securely for many industrial applications, varying the types of modules used area, voltage and power generated.

Conceptual Design of a Sugar Cane Biomass Gasifier Using CSFMB Model

Since 1978, Brazil has invested into bio-fuels alternatives, especially ethanol from sugar-cane processing and that has increased the bagasse production, which requires proper destination and a potential use of such biomass is the gasification process. In the present study, a conceptual design of a gasification system to convert sugar cane bagasse into syngas is presented, which considers air as gasification agent in a flexible configuration of bubbling fluidized bed reactor operating from atmospheric pressure up to 2 MPa, providing a net power output （referred at gas cold conditions） of 3 MWt and 66 MWt, respectively. In this last case, the gas may be used not just as a fuel for gas turbines and internal combustion engines for power generation but also to feed Fischer-Tropsch processes. The optimized conceptual design of the gasifier is described here and was achieved using the CSFMB （Comprehensive Simulator of Fluidized and Moving Bed Equipment）. Simulations predicted the production of gas with high heating value as well stable operations at both conditions. The conceptual design would be followed by the detailed one and construction. Tests would be carried in the near future and would allow direct comparison between the calculated and experimental results.

Design,fabrication and kinematics of a bio-inspired robotic bat wing

The current work is oriented toward the development of a novel biologically inspired bat aerial robot with morphing wings. Based on the flight characteristics data of natural bats(Eptesicus fuscus), a novel four degrees of freedom robotic bat wing was developed to emulate the movements of bat wing. The design, fabrication, programing and wind tunnel experiments of the robot bat wing are described in this paper. Based on this robotic wing, the influence of flap amplitude, wind speed, flight frequency, downstroke ratio and stroke plane angle as well as the contributions of flap, elbow, sweep and wrist motions on the aerodynamic force and mechanical power were studied and analyzed. Results of wind tunnel experiments validated that higher lift would bring greater power consumption, and the flap motion would generate the most force and need more energy expenditure compared with other motions of bat. The experimental results suggest that the flap and fold motions are indispensable to make a robotic bat wing that has a better flight performance. This study provides some implications and a better understanding for the future robotic bat.

A perspective on high-order methods in computational fluid dynamics

There has been an intensive international effort to develop high-order Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) methods into design tools in aerospace engineering during the last one and half decades. These methods offer the potential to significantly improve solution accuracy and efficiency for vortex dominated turbulent flows. Enough progresses have been made in algorithm development, mesh generation and parallel computing that these methods are on the verge of being applied in a production design environment. Since many review papers have been written on the subject, I decide to offer a personal perspective on the state-of-the-art in high-order CFD methods and the challenges that must be overcome.