Cancer treatments are rapidly changing.Curative treatment for oesophageal adenocarcinoma currently involves surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Outcomes for both regimes are generally poor as a res...Cancer treatments are rapidly changing.Curative treatment for oesophageal adenocarcinoma currently involves surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Outcomes for both regimes are generally poor as a result of tumor recurrence.We have reviewed the key signalling pathways associated with oesophageal adenocarcinomas and discussed the recent trials of novel agents that attempt to target these pathways.There are many trials underway with the aim of improving survival in oesophageal cancer.Currently,phase 2 and 3 trials are focused on MAP kinase inhibition,either through inhibition of growth factor receptors or signal transducer proteins.In order to avoid tumor resistance,it appears to be clear that targeted therapy will be needed to combat the multiple signalling pathways that are in operation in oesophageal adenocarcinomas.This may be achievable in the future with the advent of gene signatures and a combinatorial approach.展开更多
Giving the accurate definition of the core part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is another way for the modernization of TCM. Many researchers had launched their original researches on this way and realized that q...Giving the accurate definition of the core part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is another way for the modernization of TCM. Many researchers had launched their original researches on this way and realized that qi got some characteristics of energy. In this paper, energy is also thought as having the same characteristics as qi for energy is invisible and filled with cell in different patterns. The movement of qi in cell can be understood as the transformations of the chemical energy. So, cell should be regarded as a device which is organized by biomelocules for the transformation from chemical energy to heat energy.展开更多
The project has as its aim the design and implementation of the control of temperature in the cockpit of the prototype of neonatal life support equipment ESVIN based on the international standard IEC 60601-2-19 concer...The project has as its aim the design and implementation of the control of temperature in the cockpit of the prototype of neonatal life support equipment ESVIN based on the international standard IEC 60601-2-19 concerning the basic security and operation of the neonatal incubators. The prototype has been developed and is important because the cockpit is a new concept of medical equipment of neonatal life support. There was a modeling of the system of heating of the incubator using the concepts of system identification with the purpose of finding a mathematical model that describes the dynamic behavior of the system. Then, design and implement the strategy of feedback control with digital PID （proportional-integral-derivative） algorithm. The model allowed the design and implementation of a digital PID controller that meets in a satisfactory manner with the requirements, in accordance with the international standard. The control system implemented in the neonatal incubator ESVIN improved the effectiveness of the neonatal life support equipment in regard to temperature controller of the cockpit.展开更多
In the process of TCM intercultural communication, as a source culture, TCM embodies the essences of excellent traditional Chinese culture by absorbing the essence of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism and gradually ev...In the process of TCM intercultural communication, as a source culture, TCM embodies the essences of excellent traditional Chinese culture by absorbing the essence of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism and gradually evolving into a profound philosophical and cultural system during its long development, meanwhile, it has accumulated tremendous medical achievements and has been abundant in famous doctors in almost all dynasties. In short, TCM is profound both in medical practice and philosophy and culture, which endows TCM the characteristics of cultural essence and medical uniqueness, in addition to its scientific nature which has been proved historically, all of the above-mentioned factors form the basis and guarantee of the TCM intercultural communication, in which TCM is a source culture. In contrast, the western culture shows significant difference as a target culture, from which the western medicine is developed. The major differences manifest in： western culture distinguishes mankind from heaven while traditional Chinese culture believes in the harmony between man and nature; the difference between micro rational thinking and overall perceptual thinking; the difference between individual standard and organic whole. Despite the great difference, western society welcomes TCM due to its unique effect, therefore, it is of vital significance to compare and analysis the two ends of the TCM intercultural communication, namely the source culture and the target culture, to find effective means to promote the TCM intercultural communication. The current tendency of the integration of TCM and western medicine has proved the possibility and feasibility of TCM intercultural communication.展开更多
The rapid developments of genomics and proteomics have driven the demand for multiplex and high throughput analysis of large numbers of biomolecules in the fields of medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmen...The rapid developments of genomics and proteomics have driven the demand for multiplex and high throughput analysis of large numbers of biomolecules in the fields of medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring. Encoding the biomolecular binding events is the key technique to fulfill this demand, in which microparticles play the most important roles. This review outlines the development of multiplex and high throughput biodetections, and highlights the most recent advances in the field of encoding microparticles, together with problems that need to be resolved.展开更多
China is facing challenges of the increasing incidence of some chronic diseases. However, the share of government spending on health in total kept fairing during the economic transition and the cost of health care has...China is facing challenges of the increasing incidence of some chronic diseases. However, the share of government spending on health in total kept fairing during the economic transition and the cost of health care has been rising dramatically. Using the data at the provincial level, I find that income and population aging are significant determinants of increasing health expenditure. Time dummies contribute more than 40% in the growth of health expenditure and nearly one-third in the growth rate of health expenditure, which implies that technological and institutional changes are also very important drivers in China. In the future, the rising of health expenditure is a necessary response to income growth and population aging; but there is still plenty of room to cut the cost through reforming the health care sector.展开更多
基金Supported by UK National Institute of Health Research/Cancer Research Network (UK NIHR/UKCRN) and Research and Development Department of Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust (to Ang YS)R Keld WrightingtonWigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust Cancer Therapy Fund(to Keld RR,in part)
文摘Cancer treatments are rapidly changing.Curative treatment for oesophageal adenocarcinoma currently involves surgery and cytotoxic chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Outcomes for both regimes are generally poor as a result of tumor recurrence.We have reviewed the key signalling pathways associated with oesophageal adenocarcinomas and discussed the recent trials of novel agents that attempt to target these pathways.There are many trials underway with the aim of improving survival in oesophageal cancer.Currently,phase 2 and 3 trials are focused on MAP kinase inhibition,either through inhibition of growth factor receptors or signal transducer proteins.In order to avoid tumor resistance,it appears to be clear that targeted therapy will be needed to combat the multiple signalling pathways that are in operation in oesophageal adenocarcinomas.This may be achievable in the future with the advent of gene signatures and a combinatorial approach.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(81300302)
文摘Giving the accurate definition of the core part of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is another way for the modernization of TCM. Many researchers had launched their original researches on this way and realized that qi got some characteristics of energy. In this paper, energy is also thought as having the same characteristics as qi for energy is invisible and filled with cell in different patterns. The movement of qi in cell can be understood as the transformations of the chemical energy. So, cell should be regarded as a device which is organized by biomelocules for the transformation from chemical energy to heat energy.
文摘The project has as its aim the design and implementation of the control of temperature in the cockpit of the prototype of neonatal life support equipment ESVIN based on the international standard IEC 60601-2-19 concerning the basic security and operation of the neonatal incubators. The prototype has been developed and is important because the cockpit is a new concept of medical equipment of neonatal life support. There was a modeling of the system of heating of the incubator using the concepts of system identification with the purpose of finding a mathematical model that describes the dynamic behavior of the system. Then, design and implement the strategy of feedback control with digital PID （proportional-integral-derivative） algorithm. The model allowed the design and implementation of a digital PID controller that meets in a satisfactory manner with the requirements, in accordance with the international standard. The control system implemented in the neonatal incubator ESVIN improved the effectiveness of the neonatal life support equipment in regard to temperature controller of the cockpit.
文摘In the process of TCM intercultural communication, as a source culture, TCM embodies the essences of excellent traditional Chinese culture by absorbing the essence of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism and gradually evolving into a profound philosophical and cultural system during its long development, meanwhile, it has accumulated tremendous medical achievements and has been abundant in famous doctors in almost all dynasties. In short, TCM is profound both in medical practice and philosophy and culture, which endows TCM the characteristics of cultural essence and medical uniqueness, in addition to its scientific nature which has been proved historically, all of the above-mentioned factors form the basis and guarantee of the TCM intercultural communication, in which TCM is a source culture. In contrast, the western culture shows significant difference as a target culture, from which the western medicine is developed. The major differences manifest in： western culture distinguishes mankind from heaven while traditional Chinese culture believes in the harmony between man and nature; the difference between micro rational thinking and overall perceptual thinking; the difference between individual standard and organic whole. Despite the great difference, western society welcomes TCM due to its unique effect, therefore, it is of vital significance to compare and analysis the two ends of the TCM intercultural communication, namely the source culture and the target culture, to find effective means to promote the TCM intercultural communication. The current tendency of the integration of TCM and western medicine has proved the possibility and feasibility of TCM intercultural communication.
基金support of Grant for Teaching and Research of Excellent Young Teachers in Southeast University333 Talent Project Foundation and the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province+2 种基金Jiangsu Science and Technology Department (BE2009148 & Bk2008318)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50925309, 20703010 & 21073033)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Graduate School of Southeast University
文摘The rapid developments of genomics and proteomics have driven the demand for multiplex and high throughput analysis of large numbers of biomolecules in the fields of medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring. Encoding the biomolecular binding events is the key technique to fulfill this demand, in which microparticles play the most important roles. This review outlines the development of multiplex and high throughput biodetections, and highlights the most recent advances in the field of encoding microparticles, together with problems that need to be resolved.
基金The author is grateful for financial support from the National Science Foundation of China（70573024, 70973027 ）
文摘China is facing challenges of the increasing incidence of some chronic diseases. However, the share of government spending on health in total kept fairing during the economic transition and the cost of health care has been rising dramatically. Using the data at the provincial level, I find that income and population aging are significant determinants of increasing health expenditure. Time dummies contribute more than 40% in the growth of health expenditure and nearly one-third in the growth rate of health expenditure, which implies that technological and institutional changes are also very important drivers in China. In the future, the rising of health expenditure is a necessary response to income growth and population aging; but there is still plenty of room to cut the cost through reforming the health care sector.
