不同盐度对螺旋藻的生长和生化成分影响的研究

用半咸水驯化钝顶螺旋藻获得耐盐品系,在半咸水中盐度驯化的品系的生长率高于未驯化的品系。在不同的盐度的半咸水中盐度驯化品系更能适应较高盐度的半咸水,在20×10-3的盐度下收获量最高。

泰安气候条件对‘黄金芽’茶树新梢呈色及生化成分的影响

统计分析泰安市2016年4—9月份光照强度、空气温度、空气湿度等气候因子,同时观测‘黄金芽’茶树不同时期一芽二叶新梢叶色情况,测定其叶绿素及主要品质生化成分(水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素、氨基酸、咖啡碱、可溶性糖)含量。结果表明:(1)泰安市具有明显的"雨热同季,光温同步"的气候特点;(2)‘黄金芽’茶树新梢呈色与色素含量随气候条件发生相应的变化,7月份光照最强时,叶色最黄,叶绿素含量最低;(3)茶树新梢中水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素含量在试验期间逐月上升,氨基酸、咖啡碱含量则逐月下降,而可溶性糖含量变化规律不明显。因此,在泰安市气候条件下可保持‘黄金芽’茶树新梢黄化和高氨低酚的优异品种特性,适宜引种。

Annual Component Analysis of Pacific Oysters （Crassostrea gigas） and Mussels （Mytilus gallopro vincialis）

To study the change in components of Pacific oysters （Crassostrea gigas） and mussels （Mytilus galloprovincialis） over a year, their annual obesity ratio, umami components （glutamic acid and glycogen）, functional components （Zn, Mn, Cu, and vitamin B12）, and Cd and noroviruses （NoVs） contents were quantified. In oysters, the obesity ratio and chemical components showed seasonal changes depending on the spawning season. Glutamic acid content increased from November to March. In contrast, glycogen content peaked in May and November. Mineral content markedly increased during spawning. From the comparison of NoVs GI and GII strains, oyster predominately infected by the GI. A remarkable difference in NoVs contents was observed depending on the oyster farms. In mussels, glutamic acid, Zn and Cu contents were stable throughout the year. Mussels＇ Cd content was about one-fifths times lower than that found in oysters. Although the NoVs strain was affected by the collection area, mussels from both areas showed decreased NoVs contents in summer, corresponding with the consumption season of mussels in Japan. Our comparative study on the seasonal variability in the chemical components and NoVs contents in pacific oysters （C. gigas） and mussels （M. galloprovincialis） clearly showed an association with physiological and environmental factors.

Chemical Composition of Potato Tubers in Relation to Crop Production System and Environmental Conditions

In the years 2008-2010, a study on the quality of tubers grown in the two crop production systems, i.e., organic and integrated in two locations： Jadwisin--Central and Osiny--South-Eastern of Poland were conducted. The influence of such factors as the crop production system （organic and integrated）, the place of production （soil quality）, variety and years of research on the chemical composition, i.e., tuber dry matter, starch, vitamin C, nitrates and glycoalkaloids were tested. It has been found that the greatest impact on the chemical composition of tubers had the climatic conditions during the growing season and genotype. They affected the contents of all tested components. The place of production affected the contents of dry matter, starch, vitamin C and nitrates. This factor had no effect on the content of glycoalkaloids. The least effect on the chemical tubers composition was in crop production system. It only affected the contents of dry matter, starch and vitamin C. There was no significant effect of this factor on the nitrate and glycoalkaloids content.

Chemical Variation in Essential Oils of Salvia Officmalis L, Ecotypes Cultivated in Albania

Salvia officinalis L. was cultivated in different geographic locations of Albania. Sage plants originated from imported seeds and wild Albanian plants. Around 30 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oils of all cultivated sage plants; the latter were found to be very rich in camphen, fl-thujone, a-pinene, eucaliptol, rich to moderate in β-pinene and camphor, and less rich in a-thujone and limonene. Sharp differences in chemical composition patterns and content of individual chemical compounds were noticed between and within cultivation sites. Cultivated sage was poorer in α-thujone versus wild plants. Cultivated sage, of Albanian wild plants origin, was the richest in α-thujone （18.45%） versus imported seeds sage. β-thujone over-dominated α-thujone in all cultivated sage plants. Volatile characters of cultivated sage were indicative of the species but not of the geographic origin of plant material. Variation in essential oils composition and chemical compounds＇ content （biosynthetic pathways） in cultivated sage is related more to the genetic background than the environmental factors. If cultivating sage in Albania, then wild local ecotypes would be best to use as α-thujone is maintained at satisfactory levels, local natural base is preserved, unnecessary hybridization with imported seeds sage is prevented, and are more resistant and cost effective.

Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in Biochemical Constituents in the Rice Plant Treated with Different Xenobiotics

Experiments were conducted at Entomology division of Directorate of Rice research to study the qualitative and quantitative changes in biochemical constituents in the rice plant treated with different xenobiotics, viz. insecticides like deltamethrin, imidacloprid, herbicide like 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, fungicide like carbendazim, green manure Calotropis gigantea leaves, botanicals like Neem Seed Powder and fertilizer urea along with control plants of TN1, PTB33 and Swama varieties comprising of total 15 treatments. Application of butachlor, carbendazim, deltamethrin and excessive nitrogen fertilization resulted in increased population build up of brown plant hopper （BPH）. Significantly, lower honeydew excretion （13 mme area） in the BPH nymphs was observed on resistant PTB33 variety compared to susceptible TN1 and Swarna varieties （116 and 110 mm2 respectively）. In susceptible TN1 variety, the sucrose content was significantly higher （9.35 mg/g tissue） compared to BPH resistant PTB33 （5.32 mg/g tissue）. The BPH resistant PTB33 variety exhibited significantly lower free amino acid content （1.23 mg/g tissue） as compared to TN1 （2.51 mg/g）. The C/N ratio was comparatively high in the resistant PTB33 alone （4.32）, but was low in PTB33 applied with 2,4-D ＋ carbendazim （2.73）, 2,4-D ＋ imidacloprid ~ carbendazim （2.3）, excess urea fertilizer （2.18）. The total phenol contents measured in resistant PTB33 （7.5 mg/g dry wt）, susceptible TN1 （5.865 mg/g dry wt） and the popular variety Swarna （5.57 mg/g dry wt） were almost same and no statistical difference was observed. Further, treatment of these varieties with different xenobiotics and botanicals also did not significantly alter their total phenol content. However, the phenol content of the resistant PTB 33 alone and treated with xenobiotics was higher compared to the susceptible TN 1 and Swarna varieties alone and treated with xenobiotics. The plant biochemical constituents such as free amino acids, sucrose were lower in untreated resistant PTB33 compared to susceptible TN1, and PTB33 treated with urea and deltamethrin. The high feeding rate and population build up on the susceptible variety TN1 is positively correlated with high quantities of sucrose, free amino acids and lower quantities of phenols and low C/N ratio.

Effects of ecological factors on secondary metabolites and inorganic elements of Scutellaria baicalensis and analysis of geoherblism

This study analyzed the effects of ecological factors on secondary metabolites of Scutellaria baicalensis using two sources:92individual roots of S.baicalensis from all over China,and secondary metabolites,medicinal materials and inorganic element contents obtained from the testing of 92 S.baicalensis rhizosphere soil samples.The study used environmental data from the Genuine Medicinal Material Spatial Analysis Database.Most of the chemical constituents of S.baicalensis were negatively correlated to latitude and positively correlated to temperature;generally,the contents of 21 chemical constituents were higher at low latitudes than that at high latitudes.By gradual regression analysis,it was found that the content of baicalin in S.baicalensis was negatively correlated to latitude and generally the content of inorganic elements in soil was excessively high(excluding Mg and Ca),which has a negative effect on the accumulation of chemical constituents in S.baicalensis.Based on the cluster analysis of 21 constituents,S.baicalensis from different places of origin was divided into two groups,and S.baicalensis was not genuine only in a specific small region.Within the zone from Chifeng,Inner Mongolia to Taibai,Shaanxi is suitable for accumulation of secondary metabolites of S.baicalensis and such a zone represents a suitable distribution and potential genuine producing area.