利用生化提取物降解小白菜中的氯氰菊酯残留

为了探讨降解农药残留的新途径，采用生化提取物处理喷洒过氯氰菊酯农药的白菜，通过气相色谱法测定白菜中氯氰菊酯的残留量，同时进行了试管内生化提取物与氯氰菊酯农药直接作用的实验，以此观察生化提取物对氰菊酯农药的降解情况。结果表明，生化提取物对小白菜中的氯氰菊酯农药残留具有显著降解作用，实验范围内的降解率为12．38％-57．19％，降解率随制剂浓度的增加而增高。试管试验结果与生化提取物处理蔬菜的试验相似，降解率为27．19％～29．07％。生化提取物降解氯氰菊酯农药残留的作用机理可能与生化提取物中的包括降解酶在内的多种生化成分有关。

采用多功能生化提取系统优化肝水解肽注射液制备工艺

以肝水解肽注射液的制备为例,通过对原传统提取工艺与采用多功能生化提取系统的优化提取工艺进行比较,考察了灭菌后的可见异物析出与有效成分这两项结果,得出了采用多功能生化提取系统能够优化肝水解肽注射液制备工艺的结论。其不但保证了注射液的质量,还极大地缩短了生产周期,降低了生产成本,增加了经济效益。

以小牛血去蛋白提取物为例谈生化提取车间设计

以小牛血去蛋白药物为例,探讨了该原料药的制备工艺,并对该生化提取车间进行合理布局。

生物的生化提取制品

在基因工程技术未出现之前，生物的生化提取是获得生物制品的基本方法，过去曾辉煌一时，如胰岛素，过去是从牛或猪的胰脏提取，每100公斤猪胰脏可获得5-7克胰岛素，为糖尿病人生命的延续起了不可替代的作用，但现在胰岛素的制取已用基因工程方法所取代。

生化汤提取物对孕末期家兔子宫肌电活动的影响

目的 :观察生化汤提取物对孕末期家兔子宫体及子宫颈肌电活动的影响 ,探讨其效应及作用方式。方法 :用PowerLab/8s生命信号记录仪采集乌拉坦麻醉状态下的怀孕末期家兔子宫体及子宫颈平滑肌肌电活动。结果 :生化汤提取物 4 0mg·kg-1能增加怀孕末期家兔子宫体的平滑肌动作电位脉冲的发放 (P <0 .0 1) ,对其子宫颈平滑肌肌电活动则无显著的影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :提示生化汤提取物具有增加宫体肌电活动作用 ,可以发挥催产、止血的效应 ;对宫颈的电活动无明显影响 ,表明它不干预产道舒缩 ,有利于胎儿的娩出。

模型水轮机初生空化的特征谱提取识别方法

目前水轮机模型初生空化识别方法仍采用人工识别法,这种方法获得结果的周期较长、主观性强、准确度及效率都较低。针对于此,对水轮机模型初生空化识别方法进行了研究与优化创新,提出了一种基于炮声谱与特殊脉动谱特征提取的水轮机空化智能识别方法,即多态泡音智能识别方法 PSVFR。该方法依据自主开发的水轮机空化噪声多态算法MTCSPC,对数据进行处理,通过采集初生空化音态特征向量,建立矩阵模型,与样本数据库中的定性矩阵进行特征比对、计算、判断,以帮助机器完成对模型水轮机空化噪声的学习和识别。与现有技术相比,该方法能够提高机器对水轮机初生空化现象的识别准确度和识别效率,识别效率可达80%。

不同方法提取杜仲中桃叶珊瑚苷等4种高活性成分的比较研究

为研究生物化学方法对杜仲中高活性成分的提取率,本文以高效液相色谱法检验样品中提取出活性成分的含量差异,比较了在相同条件下酶解法、水提法、醇提法对杜仲树皮中桃叶珊瑚苷、京尼平苷、京尼平苷酸与绿原酸这4种活性成分的提取量,并对4种活性成分的不同提取效果进行了比较研究。结果发现三种方法的提取量存在明显差异,其中桃叶珊瑚苷提取量为:酶解法22. 42μg/g,水提法8. 27μg/g,醇提法9. 13μg/g;京尼平苷提取量为:酶解法77. 89μg/g,水提法33. 19μg/g,醇提法7. 76μg/g;京尼平苷酸提取量为:酶解法110. 05μg/g,水提法36. 63μg/g,醇提法47. 40μg/g;绿原酸提取量为:酶解法345. 35μg/g,水提法118. 85μg/g,醇提法172. 04μg/g,即酶解法提取量均比水提法、醇提法高出数倍。实验表明酶解法是3种方法中提取效果最好的,且无化学污染。

猪肝酯酶研究进展

猪肝酯酶是手性合成中重要的水解酶,对它的生化特性研究较早。近几年猪肝酯酶的基因克隆研究也取得了较大进展。重组酶具有选择特异性更高的特点,与生化提取方法相比成本较低廉。基因工程技术的开展使猪肝酯酶在化学工业、生物制药及相关领域中有了更加广泛的应用前景.

猪肝酯酶研究进展

猪肝酯酶是手性合成中重要的水解酶,对它的生化特性研究较早,在近几年猪肝酯酶的基因克隆研究中取得了较大成果.重组酶具有选择特异性更高的特点,并且相比较生化提取的方法成本较低廉.基因工程技术的开展使猪肝酯酶在化学工业和生物制药工业及其相关工业中有了更加广泛的应用前景.

A Rapid Metagenomic DNA Extraction from Sediments: Potassium Dichromate SDS Method

[Objective] The objective of this study was to report an improved method for rapid DNA extraction from black-order sediments, without any purification step. [Methods] Sediments in eutrophic lake are complex ecosystems and soil microbes involved in anthropogenic nutrient cycling are very important. DNA-based molecular methods offer new tools for characterization of these mixed communities of mi- croorganisms. However, it is very difficult to remove humic substances, heavy met- als that co-existed with genome DNA representing the microbial community directly from these complex systems and can interfere with subsequent genetic analysis. The potassium dichromate solution was firstly used to remove humic substances. [Results] The steps of removing humic substances and DNA extraction were per- formed simultaneously that improved the speed of extraction to approximately 1 hour and the nucleic acids that were obtained with this method did not need to be washed with 70% ethanol and dissolved directly in sterile water for total bacterial 16S rDNA, nosZ gene of denitrifying bacteria, pmoA of methanotrophs, nifH of nitro- gen-fixing bacteria, amoA of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing ar- chaea molecular ecology analyses. [Conclusion] This method could provide a plat- form for preparing a fast sediments DNA extraction.

Technologies of Seperating and Exactly 11-α-Hydroxy-Canerenone from Biotransformation Broth

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effect of four extraction meth- ods on extraction ratio of 11-α-Hydroxy-Canerenone from biotransformation broth. [Method] Previous reported method, soaking, elution method and homogenate meth- ods were used. [Result] Results showed that more than 90% of the biotransformed 11-α-Hydroxy-Canerenone existed in the broth supernatant and mycelia surface. Elu- tion and soaking methods were effective for 11-α-Hydroxy-Canerenone extraction. Extraction yields of 96.0% and 98.8% were obtained by eluting with 400 ml of ethy- lacetate and soaking with ethylacetate for 90 min, respectively. [Conelusion] The method is simple and efficient, showing industrial application potential.

五加生化胶囊提取物对人乳腺癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：观察五加生化胶囊的类雌激素样作用及有效药用部位。方法用 D-101型大孔树脂柱将五加生化胶囊60%乙醇提取物分离为水洗脱部位、20%乙醇洗脱部位、40%乙醇洗脱部位、60%乙醇洗脱部位，并将各洗脱部位分别配制成10、1、0.1、0.01 mg/ml 4个浓度，作用于MCF-7细胞，进行噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测，计算增殖率（PR）。结果在0.1 mg/ ml浓度时，水、20%乙醇及60%乙醇洗脱部位对 MCF-7细胞增殖均无影响（PR 分别为98.10%、101.06%、106.04%），与空白对照组比较（PR为100%），差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；40%乙醇洗脱部位可促进 MCF-7细胞增殖（PR为108.22%），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在1 mg/ml浓度时，20%、40%及60%乙醇洗脱部位（PR分别为111.72%、122.48%、115.35%）均可明显促进MCF-7细胞增殖，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论五加生化胶囊40%乙醇洗脱部位植物雌激素活性最强。

Extraction and Characterization of Biological Humic Acids from Fermented Furfural Residue

Objective] This study aimed to eliminate the negative effects brought about by continuous, long-term accumulation of sodium ions in soil on soil environ-ment. [Method] Biological humic acids （BHAs） were extracted from fermented furfural residue via alkali-dissolution and acidification. The effects of solid-liquid ratio （mass ratio of fermented furfural residue to water）, alkali concentration, extraction tempera-ture and extraction time on the content of BHA were investigated. Also its structure was characterized by FTIR. [Result] The optimal extraction conditions were as fol-lows： solid-liquid ratio of 1：7, KOH concentration of 6%, extraction temperature of 70℃ and extraction time of 1 h. Under the optimal conditions, the content of BHAs extracted was up to 8.5%. The infrared spectrum analysis indicated that BHA had more types of functional groups and lower molecular weight than commercial humic acid although they had similar structures. [Conclusion] The technique has the ad-vantages of simple operation and good stability, and is suitable for extracting BHAs. BHAs have a good prospect in developing new types of humic acid fertilizers.

Preliminary Findings on Anticancer and Lymphocyte Stimulated Activities of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Vietnam Carica papaya Leaves

In this study, the target bioactive compounds （e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and other polar compounds） in Vietnamese Caricapapaya leaves were extracted. The cytotoxic activities of the papaya leaves extracts on the selected tumor cell lines, such as lung cancer cell line LU-1, carcinoma cell line KB, breast cancer cells MCF7 and leukemia cell line HL-60, were examined. Preliminary findings showed a high inhibitive activity of papaya leave extracts against the four tested tumor cell lines at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. Out of the bioactive compounds in papaya leaves extract, alkaloids showed the highest inhibitive activity （105.95% on MCF7 and 91.86% on LU-1）, followed by polar compounds （62.88% on LU-1 and 21.80% on KB）, and saponins （59.74% on MCF7 and 25.25% on LU-1）. Flavonoids has the lowest inhibitive activity on cell lines （e.g., 45.51% on MCF7 and 20.32% on LU-1）. Taken together, the results suggest that alkaloids have a relatively high inhibitive activity on the selected tumor cell lines and their stimulated concentration at 50% （IC50） values for on MCF7 and KB were 24.67 μg/mL and 33.56 μg/mL, respectively. However, the result pointed out the immunostimulatory ability of only polar compounds and saponins which could stimulate the growth of in vitro lymphocytes but not flavonoids and alkaloids. The SC50 （stimulated concentration at 50%） values of polar compounds and saponins were 287.87μg/mL and 192.99 μg/mL, respectively.

Antialgal and Antilarval Activities of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from the Marine Dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae

Abstract With the global ban on the application of organotin-based marine coatings by the International Maritime Organization, the development of environmentally friendly, low-toxic and nontoxic antifouling compounds for marine industries has become an urgent need. Marine microorganisms have been considered as a potential source of natural antifoulants. In this study, the antifouling potential of marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the toxic and red-tide microalgae, was investigated. We performed a series of operations to extract the bioactive substances from Amphidinium carterae and tested their antialgal and antilarval activities. The crude extract of Amphidinium carterae showed significant antialgal activity and the ECs0 value against Skeletonema costatum was 55.4 ~tg mL-1. After purification, the isolated bioactive substances （the organic extract C） exhibited much higher antialgal and antilar- val activities with ECso of 12.9μgmL-1 against Skeletonema costatum and LC50 of 15.1 μmL-1 against Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae. Subsequently, IR, Q-TOFMS, and GC-MS were utilized for the structural elucidation of the bioactive compounds, and a series of unsaturated and saturated 16- to 22-carbon fatty acids were detected. The data suggested the bioactive compounds isolated from Amphidinium carterae exhibited a significant inhibiting effect against the diatom Skeletonema costatum and Amphibalanus amphi- trite larvae, and could be substitutes for persistent, toxic antifouling compounds.

Extraction and Structure Elucidation of Phenols from Dendrobium thyrsiflorum

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum and determine its bioactive compounds. [Method] The compounds were extracted by 95% alcohol and isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis(1H NMR and13 C NMR). [Result] Seven compounds were obtained and identified as 4, 7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenan-threne(1), syringaldehyde(2),moscatin(3), gigantol(4), batatasin III(5), tristin(6) and stigmasterol(7). [Conclusion] Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from this medicinal plant for the first time.

Allelopathic Effects of Corrigiola Telephiifolia Root Extracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Raphanus Sativus and Triticum Aestivum

The allelopathic potential of aqueous and organic solvent extacts from Corrigiola telephiifolia Pour which is an aromatic and medicinal plant in mediterranean regions, was investigated under laboratory conditions on two plant species： Raphanus sativus and Triticum aestivum. The aqueous extract of Corrigiola telephiifolia roots had an important inhibitory effect on the seed germination of the two tested plant species. The dichloromethane and the methanol extracts significantly reduced the growth of radish roots up to 84.44% and 68.85% respectively. The butanol, the dichloromethane and the ethyl acetate extracts had a high inhibitory effect on seed germination and roots growth of wheat. The presence of saponins in butanol extracts and tanins in dichlorometane and ethyl acetate extracts may be responsible of these allelopathic activities. These results suggest that Corrigiola telephiifolia Pour have allelopathic effects and contains potent allelochemicals which should be used for weeds management.

Variations in Laboratory-Scale Actinomycete Communities Exposed to Cadmium as Assessed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Profiles

The actinomycete populations and functions in cadmium （Cd） contaminated soil were investigated by the cultivation- independent molecular methods. The genomic DNA was extracted and purified from soil adulterated with various con- centrations of Cd in the laboratory. The partial 16S rDNA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） using specific primers bound to evolutionarily conserved regions within these actinomycete genes. The diversity in PCR- amplified products, as measured by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （EGGE）, was used as a genetic fingerprint of the population. Principle component analysis and Shannon-Weaver diversity index （H） analyses were used to analyze the DGGE results. Results showed that the two principal components accounted for only a low level of the total variance. The value H in contaminated soil was lower than that in the control at later stages of cultivation, whereas at earlier stages it was higher. Among the six sampling time points, the first, fifth and sixth weeks had the highest values of H. Significantly negative correlations between bioavallable Cd concentration and H values existed in the samples from weeks 2 （R = 0.929, P 〈 0.05） and 4 （R = 0.909, P 〈 0.05）. These results may shed light on the effect of Cd on the soil environment and the chemical behavior and toxicity of Cd to actinomycetes.

Biotransformation of nitro-polycyclic aromatic compounds by vegetable and fruit cell extracts

Extracts from various vegetables and fruits were investigated for their abilities to reduce nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （NPAHs）. The extracts from grape and onion exhibited an interesting selectivity, yielding corresponding hydroxylamines or amines as major products under mild conditions of 30 ℃ and pH 7.0. Grape extracts reduced the 4-nitro-l,8-naphthalic anhydride with the highest conversion rate （〉99%） and the highest ratio of hydro- xylamine to amine （95：5）. In contrast, the onion extracts reduced 4-nitro-l,8-naphthalic anhydride with a conversion rate of 94% and a ratio of hydroxylamine to amine of 8：92. The thiol-reducing agent, 13-mercaptoethanol, and metal cations, Ca2＋ and Mg2＋, greatly increased the reductive efficiency. This work provides an alternative strategy for biotransformation of nitro-polycyclic compounds.