The research reviewed standardized production technology of virus-free seed potato, including stem tip isolation, tissue culture seedling production, breeder＇s seed and protospecies production, and standard potato tu...The research reviewed standardized production technology of virus-free seed potato, including stem tip isolation, tissue culture seedling production, breeder＇s seed and protospecies production, and standard potato tubers＇ production, and concluded a set of standardized production technology for virus-free seed potato, in order to provide theoretical references for improving potato yield.展开更多
In Wuxi Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Anaerobic, anoxic and oxic (A2/O) process was employed to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus, which exhibited the positive results of the high removal efficiency for phosphorus ...In Wuxi Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Anaerobic, anoxic and oxic (A2/O) process was employed to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus, which exhibited the positive results of the high removal efficiency for phosphorus with a range of 67.7% to 89.9% and an average value of 78.0. The effluent of phosphorus met the national discharge standard. The removal of TN was effected by both BOD variation of influent and wastewater temperature. TN removal was in the range of 28.5% to 55.8% with an average value of 39.4%. The energy cost was 0.15 kWh(m3d)-1 or 1.35 kWh(kgBOD@d)-1. The annual average sludge production was 46.3 m3d-1, the annual average dosage for the dewatering was 40 kg d-1 .展开更多
The paper analyzes the characteristics of rice production in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area(HRA)and the achievements made through innovative research and practice,evaluates the standardized mode of rice cultivation and...The paper analyzes the characteristics of rice production in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area(HRA)and the achievements made through innovative research and practice,evaluates the standardized mode of rice cultivation and technical standards for rice production,which play a key role in guaranteeing the growth of grain total output in Heilongjiang reclamation area and make great contributions to the national grain safety.展开更多
Introduced the technology and application of treating the gasification effluent offertilizer with the physical-chemistry and biochemistry united technology.The technology issimple and viable, and occupies less land.Wh...Introduced the technology and application of treating the gasification effluent offertilizer with the physical-chemistry and biochemistry united technology.The technology issimple and viable, and occupies less land.When the main equipment runs normally, thegasification effluent of fertilizer treated with the united technology reached the requirementby second-degree discharge standard of the'Discharge standard of water pollutants forsynthesize ammonia industry'.展开更多
Calcium sulfoaluminate,3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4,has been widely recognized in the realms of high-temperature combustion and cement chemistry.However,the lack of relevant thermodynamic data limits the progress of it...Calcium sulfoaluminate,3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4,has been widely recognized in the realms of high-temperature combustion and cement chemistry.However,the lack of relevant thermodynamic data limits the progress of its research and development.Through comparative calculations using several different approaches,we obtain the thermochemical properties of 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4 in this work,such as its standard formation enthalpy,Gibbs free en- ergy of formation,entropy,and molar heat capacity.With these fundamental data,thermodynamic calculations become possible for reactions involving this mineral.It is found that some reactions proposed in literature to generate this mineral may not proceed thermodynamically.展开更多
With the release of the National Programof ecological and environmental protection inrecent years,the ecological security in our countryhas become a strategic choice for the new century.However,in recent years,biodive...With the release of the National Programof ecological and environmental protection inrecent years,the ecological security in our countryhas become a strategic choice for the new century.However,in recent years,biodiversity has faced aserious threat that accelerates species extinctionand ecosystem degradation,which has aggravatedthe crisis we now face.The invasion of alienspecies into the ecological environment has becomethe main cause of biodiversity loss.展开更多
The Danish 1801 census is available in a fully coded and standardised digital version. This makes it possible to analyse the living conditions of the Danes in new ways. A very central aspect of living conditions is ho...The Danish 1801 census is available in a fully coded and standardised digital version. This makes it possible to analyse the living conditions of the Danes in new ways. A very central aspect of living conditions is household and family. The census is divided by these lines and therefore calculations of household size and complexity are straight forward and this clearly gives one side of the picture. A totally different side is co-residence analysis. This is not straight forward, but because of the standardisation it is doable. By this means, you get a picture of the likelihood that a person of a given age group lives together with specific relatives. It gives an insight into a central part of living conditions and it gives a picture of differences between sexes and urbanisations. The paper brings the two ways of description together and shows that each has something to contribute to the picture of the Danes.展开更多
The first available label standardizing a zero-balanced type of building is the Swiss Standard Minergie-A. The standard prescribes an annual net zero primary energy balance for heating, domestic hot water and ventilat...The first available label standardizing a zero-balanced type of building is the Swiss Standard Minergie-A. The standard prescribes an annual net zero primary energy balance for heating, domestic hot water and ventilation. Electricity consumption for appliances and lighting is excluded. Additionally, Minergie-A is the first standard worldwide which includes a requirement in regard to embodied energy. Based on an analysis of 39 Minergie-A buildings, this paper shows that a wide range of different energy concepts and embodied energy strategies are possible in the scope of the label. The basis of all Minergie-A buildings is a well-insulated building envelope. However, the step from the Swiss Standard Minergie-A to a Net ZEB （net zero energy building） standard which includes electricity consumption for appliances and lighting is not a very big one. Increasing the size of the photovoltaic system is sufficient in most cases. Anyway, some of the Minergie-A buildings evaluated are also Net ZEBs. In this paper, it is also shown that the net zero balance during the operational phase of Net ZEBs clearly outweighs the increased embodied energy for additional materials in a life cycle energy analysis.展开更多
Western Ghats region of India is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The topography, wide rainfall variation and varied temperature conditions enable inhabitancy of several plant species. This plant wealth ...Western Ghats region of India is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The topography, wide rainfall variation and varied temperature conditions enable inhabitancy of several plant species. This plant wealth is being used in various forms by tribes and natives of the area for centuries. These gain further importance due to the fact that ripe fruits serve as a source of food and medicine to tribes throughout the year. These wild fruits are source of minerals and vitamins in the diet of the rural people. The potential productivity and floristic diversity of the area have attracted the experts. There are more than 50 wild edible fruit species are available in Western Ghats region. These belong to 25 families and 38 genera. Out of the 25 families, the important ones as a source of fruits are Apocynaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae and Sapindaceae. The fruiting period of different species ranges between two and six months. The highest number of species mature from April to May. The availability of these fruits reduces after October. Some of these fruits, such as Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Carissa carandas, Emblica officinalis and Syzygium cuminii, have been given emphasis in order to identify high yield and high fruit quality clones and standardization of production technologies. The collection, conservation and utilization on some of the fruits, such as Garcinia indica and Garcinia gummigutta have started at various research organizations. Some other fruits, namely Chrysophyllum roxburghii （Family Sapotaceae）, Canthium parviflora Lamk syn. Plectronia parviflora （Lam.） Bedd. （Family Rubiaceae）, Elaeagnus conferta Roxbsyn, Elaeagnus latifolia L. （Family Elaeagnaceae）, Securina leucopyrus syn. Flueggea leucopyrus （Family Euphorbiaceae）, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. （Family Elaeocarpaceae）, Nephelium stipulacum Bedd. syn. Doratoxylon stipulatum （Family Sapindaceae） have potential for commercial cultivation. Thus, attempts were made with the objective of recording availability of these species, proximate analysis and their on farm and off farm conservation at Central Horticultural Experiment Station （CHES）. Few plants were also provided to local growers on farm conservation. The continuous depletion of forest and the increasing human disturbance resulted in losses of these species. There is need to conserve these fruits for future.展开更多
The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions linked to their products or services.The publicly available spec...The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions linked to their products or services.The publicly available specification PAS 2050 has been developed in response to broad community and industry desire for a consistent method-carbon footprint for assessing the life cycle GHG emissions of goods and services.Specifically,this paper illustrates the implementation of carbon footprint for a baby stroller in accordance with PAS 2050.A fial value of 321 kg per one stroller including package was calculated.Moreover,the study led to identify raw materials production of the stroller as the main source of GHS emissions where efforts need to focus for emission reduction opportunities.This case study is hoped to be a starting point for organizations to benefit from the increasing application of carbon footprint assessment.展开更多
Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantit...Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantities＂ by multi-skilled workers, a manufacturer cannot make good use of the management method with standardized work tables used by large enterprises. Thus, it is necessary to develop ways to f＇md standardized work that is suitable for smaller enterprises. Therefore, we investigated two kinds of factories that utilized flexible manufacturing procedures for the ＂production of many models in small quantities,＂ and considered their work instructions, work contents, changeover methods, workers＇ abilities, etc. One of the compared processes was a case where there was defined standardized work, which was not observed. In the other, a QA （quality assurance） network was created to guarantee the quality. Based on the investigation results, we formulated improvement plans, had the supervisors review them, and clarified the characteristics of their problems. The results revealed areas where much attention was required to find standardized work for such processes. In addition, we made it possible to support the specification of difficult tasks and the renewal of standardized work by extending a standardized work table for the entry of workers＇ actions. This paper reports a method to define and make good use of standardized work tables and standardized work combination tables, i.e., a way to find and use standardized work based on the results of the previously mentioned factory investigation.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503127)~~
文摘The research reviewed standardized production technology of virus-free seed potato, including stem tip isolation, tissue culture seedling production, breeder＇s seed and protospecies production, and standard potato tubers＇ production, and concluded a set of standardized production technology for virus-free seed potato, in order to provide theoretical references for improving potato yield.
文摘In Wuxi Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Anaerobic, anoxic and oxic (A2/O) process was employed to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus, which exhibited the positive results of the high removal efficiency for phosphorus with a range of 67.7% to 89.9% and an average value of 78.0. The effluent of phosphorus met the national discharge standard. The removal of TN was effected by both BOD variation of influent and wastewater temperature. TN removal was in the range of 28.5% to 55.8% with an average value of 39.4%. The energy cost was 0.15 kWh(m3d)-1 or 1.35 kWh(kgBOD@d)-1. The annual average sludge production was 46.3 m3d-1, the annual average dosage for the dewatering was 40 kg d-1 .
文摘The paper analyzes the characteristics of rice production in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area(HRA)and the achievements made through innovative research and practice,evaluates the standardized mode of rice cultivation and technical standards for rice production,which play a key role in guaranteeing the growth of grain total output in Heilongjiang reclamation area and make great contributions to the national grain safety.
文摘Introduced the technology and application of treating the gasification effluent offertilizer with the physical-chemistry and biochemistry united technology.The technology issimple and viable, and occupies less land.When the main equipment runs normally, thegasification effluent of fertilizer treated with the united technology reached the requirementby second-degree discharge standard of the'Discharge standard of water pollutants forsynthesize ammonia industry'.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50906046)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2009AA05Z303)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-10-0529)
文摘Calcium sulfoaluminate,3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4,has been widely recognized in the realms of high-temperature combustion and cement chemistry.However,the lack of relevant thermodynamic data limits the progress of its research and development.Through comparative calculations using several different approaches,we obtain the thermochemical properties of 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4 in this work,such as its standard formation enthalpy,Gibbs free en- ergy of formation,entropy,and molar heat capacity.With these fundamental data,thermodynamic calculations become possible for reactions involving this mineral.It is found that some reactions proposed in literature to generate this mineral may not proceed thermodynamically.
文摘With the release of the National Programof ecological and environmental protection inrecent years,the ecological security in our countryhas become a strategic choice for the new century.However,in recent years,biodiversity has faced aserious threat that accelerates species extinctionand ecosystem degradation,which has aggravatedthe crisis we now face.The invasion of alienspecies into the ecological environment has becomethe main cause of biodiversity loss.
文摘The Danish 1801 census is available in a fully coded and standardised digital version. This makes it possible to analyse the living conditions of the Danes in new ways. A very central aspect of living conditions is household and family. The census is divided by these lines and therefore calculations of household size and complexity are straight forward and this clearly gives one side of the picture. A totally different side is co-residence analysis. This is not straight forward, but because of the standardisation it is doable. By this means, you get a picture of the likelihood that a person of a given age group lives together with specific relatives. It gives an insight into a central part of living conditions and it gives a picture of differences between sexes and urbanisations. The paper brings the two ways of description together and shows that each has something to contribute to the picture of the Danes.
文摘The first available label standardizing a zero-balanced type of building is the Swiss Standard Minergie-A. The standard prescribes an annual net zero primary energy balance for heating, domestic hot water and ventilation. Electricity consumption for appliances and lighting is excluded. Additionally, Minergie-A is the first standard worldwide which includes a requirement in regard to embodied energy. Based on an analysis of 39 Minergie-A buildings, this paper shows that a wide range of different energy concepts and embodied energy strategies are possible in the scope of the label. The basis of all Minergie-A buildings is a well-insulated building envelope. However, the step from the Swiss Standard Minergie-A to a Net ZEB （net zero energy building） standard which includes electricity consumption for appliances and lighting is not a very big one. Increasing the size of the photovoltaic system is sufficient in most cases. Anyway, some of the Minergie-A buildings evaluated are also Net ZEBs. In this paper, it is also shown that the net zero balance during the operational phase of Net ZEBs clearly outweighs the increased embodied energy for additional materials in a life cycle energy analysis.
文摘Western Ghats region of India is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The topography, wide rainfall variation and varied temperature conditions enable inhabitancy of several plant species. This plant wealth is being used in various forms by tribes and natives of the area for centuries. These gain further importance due to the fact that ripe fruits serve as a source of food and medicine to tribes throughout the year. These wild fruits are source of minerals and vitamins in the diet of the rural people. The potential productivity and floristic diversity of the area have attracted the experts. There are more than 50 wild edible fruit species are available in Western Ghats region. These belong to 25 families and 38 genera. Out of the 25 families, the important ones as a source of fruits are Apocynaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae and Sapindaceae. The fruiting period of different species ranges between two and six months. The highest number of species mature from April to May. The availability of these fruits reduces after October. Some of these fruits, such as Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Carissa carandas, Emblica officinalis and Syzygium cuminii, have been given emphasis in order to identify high yield and high fruit quality clones and standardization of production technologies. The collection, conservation and utilization on some of the fruits, such as Garcinia indica and Garcinia gummigutta have started at various research organizations. Some other fruits, namely Chrysophyllum roxburghii （Family Sapotaceae）, Canthium parviflora Lamk syn. Plectronia parviflora （Lam.） Bedd. （Family Rubiaceae）, Elaeagnus conferta Roxbsyn, Elaeagnus latifolia L. （Family Elaeagnaceae）, Securina leucopyrus syn. Flueggea leucopyrus （Family Euphorbiaceae）, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. （Family Elaeocarpaceae）, Nephelium stipulacum Bedd. syn. Doratoxylon stipulatum （Family Sapindaceae） have potential for commercial cultivation. Thus, attempts were made with the objective of recording availability of these species, proximate analysis and their on farm and off farm conservation at Central Horticultural Experiment Station （CHES）. Few plants were also provided to local growers on farm conservation. The continuous depletion of forest and the increasing human disturbance resulted in losses of these species. There is need to conserve these fruits for future.
基金financially and technically supported by Bugaboo (Xiamen) Companythe Fundamental Research Funds No. 2010121035 for the Central Universities of China
文摘The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions linked to their products or services.The publicly available specification PAS 2050 has been developed in response to broad community and industry desire for a consistent method-carbon footprint for assessing the life cycle GHG emissions of goods and services.Specifically,this paper illustrates the implementation of carbon footprint for a baby stroller in accordance with PAS 2050.A fial value of 321 kg per one stroller including package was calculated.Moreover,the study led to identify raw materials production of the stroller as the main source of GHS emissions where efforts need to focus for emission reduction opportunities.This case study is hoped to be a starting point for organizations to benefit from the increasing application of carbon footprint assessment.
文摘Many smaller manufacturers utilize production systems such as ＂individual production＂ and the ＂production of many models in small quantities.＂ In the processes for the ＂production of many models in small quantities＂ by multi-skilled workers, a manufacturer cannot make good use of the management method with standardized work tables used by large enterprises. Thus, it is necessary to develop ways to f＇md standardized work that is suitable for smaller enterprises. Therefore, we investigated two kinds of factories that utilized flexible manufacturing procedures for the ＂production of many models in small quantities,＂ and considered their work instructions, work contents, changeover methods, workers＇ abilities, etc. One of the compared processes was a case where there was defined standardized work, which was not observed. In the other, a QA （quality assurance） network was created to guarantee the quality. Based on the investigation results, we formulated improvement plans, had the supervisors review them, and clarified the characteristics of their problems. The results revealed areas where much attention was required to find standardized work for such processes. In addition, we made it possible to support the specification of difficult tasks and the renewal of standardized work by extending a standardized work table for the entry of workers＇ actions. This paper reports a method to define and make good use of standardized work tables and standardized work combination tables, i.e., a way to find and use standardized work based on the results of the previously mentioned factory investigation.
