生化比值对急性心肌梗塞的诊断价值

血清肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及其同工酶检查对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)的诊断具有重要的临床价值。而某些生化比值测定则大大提高了AMI诊断的敏感性和特异性。本文就生化比值对AMI的诊断价值概述如下。 1 CK-MB/CK比值 CK由M、B两个亚基组成,可形成CK-MM、CK-MB、CK-BB三种同工酶。CK及CK-MB是目前公认的诊断AMI最有价值的生化指标。一般认为CK-MB/CK>0.03,结合临床即可确诊AMI。最近研究资料表明,CK>1000U/L和CK<1000U/L两组间CK-MB/

脑脊液生化比值测定与神经精神疾病

脑脊液(CSF)检查对中枢神经系统(CNS)多种疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断、病情观察、指导用药和判断预后等方面具有重要意义,特别是近年来发展的CSF生化及免疫学检查中的比值测定,在临床上的应用前景更为广阔,本文就该内容作一简述.一、CSF与血清(S)的白蛋白(Alb)比值:正常CSF蛋白总量不超过0.45g/L,其中绝大部分为Alb,而球蛋白(GlO)仅微量(<0.06g/L),无纤维蛋白原.当脑、脑膜或脊髓发炎时,毛细血管通透性增加,Alb。

生化比值测定的临床应用进展

一、生化比值与神经精神疾病 (一) 脑脊液(CSF)乳酸和丙酮酸的比值 对一组29例严重脑外伤病人的研究表明,CSF中乳酸含量及乳酸/丙酮酸比值的增高,对判断脑外伤病情、疗效及预后有意义。结局恢复良好和“中残”病人CSF中乳酸一般<4mmol/L,乳酸/丙酮酸比值<20,结局为“重残”、植物生存和死亡病例CSF中乳酸含量一般>4mmol/L,比值>20(P<0.01)。随着病情好转,CSF中乳酸量及比值均明显下降,“重残”病人则无明显变化,CSF中乳酸含量和乳酸/丙酮酸比值越高预后越差。

脑脊液和血浆生化指标比值对结核性及化脓性脑膜炎的鉴别意义

目的:探讨脑脊液(CSF)和血浆生化指标比值对结核性、化脓性脑膜炎患者的鉴别意义。方法:选取2015年8月~2017年7月我院收治的结核性脑膜炎患者43例为结核性脑膜炎组,另选取同期收治的化脓性脑膜炎患者40例为化脓性脑膜炎组,于入院次日晨起采集空腹外周静脉血,离心分离血浆,同时行腰椎穿刺术采集脑脊液,采用全自动生化分析仪测定GSH和血浆蛋白、氯化物、糖、乳酸、腺苷脱氢酶,分别计算GSF/血浆各指标比值;采用免疫透射比浊法检测GSH胱抑素C(Cys-C),流式细胞仪检测GSH中性粒细胞表面膜糖蛋白(CD64),酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定GSH基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)。结果:结核性脑膜炎组GSF氯化物、乳酸低于化脓性脑膜炎组,腺苷脱氢酶高于化脓性脑膜炎组(P<0.01);结核性脑膜炎组血浆蛋白、氯化物、乳酸低于化脓性脑膜炎组,腺苷脱氢酶高于化脓性脑膜炎组(P<0.01);结核性脑膜炎组GSF中腺苷脱氢酶比值高于化脓性脑膜炎组,氯化物、乳酸比值低于化脓性脑膜炎组(P<0.01);结核性脑膜炎组GSF中CD64低于化脓性脑膜炎组,MMP-9高于化脓性脑膜炎组(P<0.01),而两组Cys-C无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:结核性和化脓性脑膜炎患者GSF、血浆中蛋白、氯化物、乳酸、腺苷脱氢酶浓度比值存在一定差异,联合CD64、MMP-9测定有助于两种脑膜炎的鉴别诊断。

Effects of salinity fluctuation and dietary protein/ carbohydrate ratio on the survival and growth of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

A factorial study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity （constant （SO） and fluctuating （S10）） and isoenergetic diet of different protein/carbohydrate ratios （P/C： 4.1, 1.9, 1.0 and 0.6） on the survival and growth of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment lasted for 35 days. The results showed that I） At S0 and S10, specific growth rate and apparent digestibility coefficient exhibited decreasing trend, while food conversion ratio exhibited increasing trend, with decreasing P/C ratio. At SO, food consumption and specific growth rate of the shrimp fed 4.1 P/C were significantly higher than those fed 1.0 and 0.6 P/C, whereas at S10, no significant differences were detected among different treatments; II） At 4.1 and 1.9 P/C, food consumption and specific growth rate were higher in the shrimp maintained at SO as compared with those at S10, while at 1.0 and 0.6 P/C, an inverse trend was observed. Among four P/C ratios, food conversion ratio of the shrimp at SO was the lowest.

结核性脑膜炎与化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液与血浆生化指标比值的比较研究

目的：比较结核性脑膜炎与化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液与血浆生化指标比值。方法：选择2010年2月-2014年12月我院结核性脑膜炎患者82例,化脓性脑膜炎98例,检测脑脊液与血浆中的蛋白、糖及氯化物含量,并计算比值。结果：两组患者脑脊液蛋白、糖含量的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,化脓性脑膜炎组的氯化物含量高于结核性脑膜炎组（P〈0.05）;两组血浆糖含量的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,化脓性脑膜炎组蛋白和氯化物含量明显高于结核性脑膜炎组（P〈0.05）;化脓性脑膜炎组蛋白比值低于结核性脑膜炎组,氯化物比值则高于化脓性脑膜炎组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组间糖比值比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：脑脊液与血浆生化指标比值对鉴别诊断结核性脑膜炎与化脓性脑膜炎有重要意义。

Effect of various Na/K ratios in low-salinity well water on growth performance and physiological response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

To investigate the influence of sodium to potassium （Na/IO ratios on the growth performance and physiological response of the Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vananmei）, various concentrations of KC1 were added to low-salinity well water （salinity 4） in an 8-week culture trial. Six treatments with NWK ratios of 60：1, 42：1, 33：1, 23：1, 17：1, and 14：1 were replicated in triplicate. The highest weight-gain rate （3 506±48）% and survival rate （89.38±0.88）% was observed in well water with Na/K ratios of 23：1 and 42：1, respectively, while the feed conversion ratio （1.02～0.01）, oxygen consumption, and ammonia-N excretion rate was the lowest in the medium with a Na/K ratio of 23：1. Gill Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity, as an indicator of osmoregulation, peaked in the treatment where the Na/K ratio was 17：1. The total hemocyte count, respiratory burst, and immune-related enzyme activities （ALP, LSZ, PO, and SOD） ofL. vananmei were affected significantly by Na/K ratios （P〈0.05）. After challenged with Vibrio harveyi, the cumulative mortality of shrimp reared in a Na/K ratio of 23：1 （30±14.14）% was significantly lower than the control （75～7.07）%. In conclusion, the addition of K＋ to low-salinity well water in L. vannamei cultures is feasible. Na/K ratios ranging from 23：1 to 33：1 might improve survival and growth. Immunity and disease resistance are also closely related to the Na/K ratio of the low-salinity well water. The findings may contribute to the development of more efficient K^＋ remediation strategies for L. vananmei culture in low-salinity well water.

Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Maturity of Pig Manure Compost at Different C/N Ratios

Aerobic static pile composting (mechanical turning every 3 days) of pig manure was prepared at & m3 windrow heaps. Sawdust was used as the bulking agent to provide additional carbon and to increase the porosity of the substrate. Two treatments at initial C/N ratios of 30 and 15, respectively, were designed in the study. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soluble NH+4-N, C/N ratios in solid and aqueous phases, E4/E6 ratios, and seed germination index (GI) were determined to evaluate the maturity of the co-composts. Seed germination index, a biological parameter, was suggested as one of the most reliable maturity indicators for organic compost. The results showed that the treatment at the initial C/N ratio of 30 reached maturity after 49 days of composting; however, the treatment at the initial C/N ratio of 15 should require composting time of longer than 63 days to obtain maturation. Chemical multi-indicator evaluation was necessary, and the GI measurement was the recommended approach for maturity evaluation in the study.

芬顿氧化法在亚麻制浆污水处理工艺新应用的实践与分析

为解决将亚麻制浆废水生化处理工艺末端出水的CODcr、BOD5、色度等各指标,使用芬顿氧化单元直接氧化至达标时运行费用过高的问题,河北邢台某制浆厂通过改变芬顿氧化单元工艺位置和投药量的方式,并给予解决。该企业使UASB出水在进入好氧生化单元之前,先通过芬顿氧化单元进行处理,并降低该单元投药量,仅以达到提升UASB出水B/C值为目的,然后再进入好氧生化处理的方式,这样既实现了单位运行费用的降低,又实现了处理水稳定达标。