生活污水处理工程MBR工艺生化系统设计关键技术研究

目前水在我国仍然认为是一个严重的优质水资源和灌溉能力严重匮乏型发达国家,全国绝大多数大中城市的水正处于严重供水不足状态。将来自城市全体居民的主要生活饮用污水资源进行经济化处理后再对其进行清洁回收和综合利用,它们不仅可以广泛应用于城市居民生活卫生间的排水冲厕、景观建筑绿化、道路清洁等各个领域,是一种对解决城市生活缺水行之有效的清洁解决办法。mbr由于该法是一种采用固液膜污水分离处理技术与利用生物膜和化学污水处理装置技术进行紧密结合的一种处理方式,其主要特点是通过利用污水反应器内大量的有害微生物有效地综合去除和快速降解处理污水过程中的各类无害有机物,使其对室内水质环境进行有效净化,并通过这种膜污水分离处理装置彻底取代了目前传统的固液工艺处理流程及其中的二次污水下沉池,提高了固液对膜分离的反应速度和处理效率,从而可以获得优质的废气排放和优质出水,具有许多其他多种传统工艺无法比拟的技术特性。

Optimization of Land Use Structure Based on Ecological GREEN Equivalent

Optimization of land use structure consists of economic and social and ecological optimization.Applying the minds of system engineering and principles of ecology,this paper presents such thoughts:the optimal forest_coverage rate calculated according to the reality of a district is set as main standard of ecological rationality in the district;through considering the value of ecosystem services of the land with GREEN equivalent (mainly cultivated land and grassland)and based on the rule,GREEN equivalent,this paper introduces the area conversion between woodland and cultivated land,also between woodland and grassland;this paper establishes a multi_dimension controlling model of optimization of land use structure.In addition,a multi_objective linear programming model for optimization of land use structure is designed.In the end,this paper tests and verifies this theory of ecological optimization,taking Qionghai city in Hainan Province as an example.

Long-term variability of air temperature and precipitation conditions in the Polish Carpathians

Mountain regions are sensitive to climate changes, which make them good indicators of climate change. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation in the Polish Carpathians. This study consists of climatological analyses for the historical period 1851-2010 and future projections for 2021-2100. The results confirm that there has been significant warming of the area and that this warming has been particularly pronounced over the last few decades and will continue in the oncoming years.Climate change is most evident in the foothills;however, these are the highest summits which have experienced the most intensive increases in temperature during the recent period. Precipitation does not demonstrate any substantial trend and has high year-to-year variability. The distribution of the annual temperature contour lines modelled for selected periods provides evidence of the upward shift of vertical climate zones in the Polish Carpathians,which reach approximately 350 meters, on average,what indicates further ecological consequences as ecosystems expand or become extinct and when there are changes in the hydrological cycle.

Layout problem of multi-component systems arising for improving maintainability

To improve the mainlainability design efficiency and quality, a layout optimization method for maintainability of multi-component systems was proposed. The impact of the component layout design on system maintainability was analyzed, and the layout problem for maintainability was presented. It was formulated as an optimization problem, where maintainability, layout space and distance requirement were formulated as objective functions. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, in which the constrained-domination relationship and the update strategy of the global best were simply modified, was then used to obtain Pareto optimal solutions for the maintainability layout design problem. Finally, application in oxygen generation system of a spacecraft was studied in detail to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method. The results show that the concurrent maintainability design can be carried out during the layout design process by solving the layout optimization problem for maintainability.

Systematic Method of Applying Structural Characteristics of Natural Organisms to Mechanical Structures

Structural bionic design lacks mature and scientific theories, and the excellent structural characteristics of natural organisms sometimes cannot be transferred into engineering structures effectively. Aiming at overcoming the existing problems, this paper summarizes three related theories: similarity theory, fuzzy evaluation theory and optimization theory. Based on the related theories, a method of structural bionic design is introduced, which includes four steps: selecting the most useful structural characteristic of natural organism; analyzing the structural characteristic finally chosen for engineering problem; completing the structural bionic design for engineering structure; and verifying the structural bionic design. Similarity theory and fuzzy evaluation theory are employed to achieve Step 1. In Step 2 and Step 3, optimization theory is employed to analyze the parameters of structures. Together with the thoughts of simplification and grouping, optimization theory can reveal the relationship between organism structure and engineering structure, providing a way to structural bionic design. A general evaluation criterion is proposed in Step 4, which is feasible to evaluate the performance of different structures. Finally, based on the method, a structural bionic design of thin-walled cylindrical shell is introduced.

Systematic Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Activation of Waste Tire by Factorial Design

In this study, waste tire was used as raw material for the production of activated carbons through pyrolysis. ＇Fire char was first produced by carbomzation at 550℃ under nitrogen. A two tactortal design was used to optimize the production of activated carbon from tire char. The effects of several factors controlling the activation process, such as temperature （.830-930℃）, time （2-6h） and percentage ot carbon dioxide （70%-100%） were investigated. The production was described mathematically as a function of these three factors. First order modeling equations were developed for surface area, yield and mesopore volume. It was concluded that the yield, BET surface area and mesopore volume of activated carbon were most sensitive to activation temperature and time while percentage of carbon dioxide in the activation gas was a less significant factor.

BIOHOME： An Accessible House Designed for Assisted Living

This project describes an integral solution to implement a module-based platform for the control of all the automated systems inside a house and a remote control of the entrance access to this house. A biometrical access based on the hand veins has been used with a complete local and remote access control system. A technologically ergonomic way to control the house, as well as some biological signal monitoring has also been developed. This has been done by knowing the physical restrictions of the collective who will live in the house. A set of different sensors will control this operation. In order to control all the home automated systems coordinate the whole platform using the TV remote. This project will implement the OSGI standard. This implementation should ensure the system scalability in terms of including new hardware. In addition, a ZibBee networking system has been developed to enable communication between all the sensors, systems and the central processor.

Rational design and functional evolution of targeted peptides for bioanalytical applications

The complicated, highly dynamic and diverse nature of biosystems brings great challenges to the specific analysis of molecular processes of interest. Nature provides antibodies for the specific recognition of antigens, which is a straight-forward way for targeted analysis. However, there are still limitations during the practical applications due to the big size of the antibodies, which accelerate the discovery of small molecular probes. Peptides built from various optional building blocks and easily achieved by chemical synthetic approaches with predictable conformations, are versatile and can act as tailor-made targeting vehicles.In this mini review, we summarize the recent developments in the discovery of novel peptides for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. Progresses in peptide-library design and selection strategies are presented. Recent achievements in the peptide-guided detection, imaging and disease treatment are also focused.