白刺花幼苗抗旱与耐寒协同响应的生理生化评价

为探讨白刺花幼苗抗旱与耐寒协同响应的生理生化适应机制,以白刺花实生苗为材料,采用盆栽自然干旱及人工控温方法,分析幼苗抗旱生理,再以人工低温处理对白刺花抗氧化酶系、细胞膜损伤以及渗透调节的影响。结果表明:自然干旱胁迫下,白刺花叶片相对含水量随着干旱时间的增长显著减小,复水后2 d又能恢复生长;适度的干旱有利于光合色素的积累,严重时光合色素含量反而降低;超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)3种保护酶随着干旱时间的延长呈先升后降变化,SOD和POD活性8 d时达到峰值,分别为458.85、5.30 U/g,比对照增加142.53%、68.25%。丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量随干旱增强呈缓慢上升的趋势,15 d达到高峰,峰值为6.20 mmol/g,比对照增加108.75%;渗透调节物质脯氨酸(proline,Pro)含量呈先增后降趋势,10 d高达459.67 mg/g,比对照增加226.45%;干旱胁迫与低温交叉处理,白刺花叶片光合色素含量明显减小,3种保护酶变化与干旱胁迫相似,呈先升后降变化;MDA含量随低温胁迫延长呈缓慢上升的趋势,Pro含量的变化呈上升趋势。不同胁迫时期3种保护酶对白刺花抗旱性与耐寒性主导作用不同,表现为相互协调的作用方式。逆境胁迫下白刺花通过提高抗氧化酶并积累渗透调节物质Pro以减轻活性氧对膜伤害;干旱胁迫可提高白刺花对低温的适应能力,这种交叉适应性可能与保护酶系和渗透调节能力的增强有关。

急性铬化物暴露肾毒效应的生化评价

经一次气管灌注给大鼠染毒０．００８、０．０４、０．２０、０．９８和４．８８ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重铬酸钠（Ｎａ２ＣｒＯ４）后第２天，以及染毒０．９８ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重Ｎａ２ＣｒＯ４后第２、４、７、１０、１４、２１和２８天，分析鼠血和尿液的生化改变，结果提示：０．２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的Ｎａ２ＣｒＯ４可引起急性肾损伤，其恢复过程至少需要１个月，肾损伤的部位主要涉及近曲小管、远曲小管及肾小球；ＮＡＧ、ＬＹＳ和ＡＬＰ可能是评价急性肾损伤最有价值的早期敏感指标。

高温体力活动时饮用几种高温饮料的生理生化评价

健康男子３４人，分别轮流饮用吉夫饮料Ｇ，中外著名运动饮料Ｊ、Ｃ和ｌｇ／Ｌ盐甜水Ｓ１５００ｍｌ或１０００ｍｌ，进行两种不同高温（ＷＢＧＴ３５．６℃和３７．０℃）背负１２．５ｋｇ行军试验２ｈ，结果表明，Ｇ饮料与Ｊ、Ｃ、Ｓ饮料相比，具有一定的抗热，抗疲劳效应，它有利于保持机体水和无机元素平衡、血液酸碱和血气于正常水平，并可提供丰富的水溶性维生素和速效能源物质。

6-氯-2-氨基嘌呤核苷酸合成、光谱性质及生化评价

经过4步反应合成了嘌呤核苷酸衍生物6-氯-2-氨基嘌呤核苷三磷酸钠盐,使用1H NMR、13C NMR、31P NMR、IR和元素分析测试技术表征了其化学结构。在不同pH值的溶液中研究了它的紫外光谱性质,并通过pH光度微量滴定法测定了一个质子化物种的pKa=1.44。最后,在马铃薯三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶的催化下研究了该化合物的水解特性,该核苷酸衍生物与ATP竞争马铃薯三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶的活性位点的机理被证明为混合型抑制机理。

应用CLSI EP10-A2分别对自建和配套生化检测系统进行初步评价

目的分别对自建生化检测系统和配套生化检测系统进行初步评价。方法应用CLSIEP10-A2文件,对丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)高、中、低浓度样本连续测定5天,计算偏差、总不精密度,及截距、斜率、非线性、交叉污染、漂移,并进行t检验。结果自建生化检测系统:偏差和总不精密度低值拒绝,中、高值均可接受,截距、斜率、非线性有显著性差异。配套生化检测系统:总不精密度低值拒绝,偏差均可接受,截距、斜率、非线性、互染率、漂移均无显著性差异。结论自建和配套生化检测系统准确度和重复性较好,互染率较低,稳定性较好,配套生化检测系统有较好的线性关系,自建和配套生化检测系统均能满足临床要求。

多尺度数据驱动的石化污水可生化性评价

针对石化污水可生化性难以获得实时准确评价的问题,提出了一种多尺度数据驱动的石化污水可生化性评价方法。首先,通过分析石化污水组分和水质数据特点,解析水质数据的时间尺度特征以及与可生化性指标的关联关系;其次,设计基于主元分析法的多尺度特征提取算法,获取石化污水可生化性的特征变量;然后,构建基于模糊最小最大神经网络的智能评价模型,实现对石化污水可生化性的实时准确评价;最后,将提出的评价方法应用于实际石化污水处理过程中。验证结果表明,所提方法能够实现对石化污水可生化性进行实时准确的评价。

基于能量代谢酶相对活力评价大菱鲆卵质

采用卵径形态比较和能量代谢关键酶生理生化分析方法,对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)卵质进行了评价。结果显示,大菱鲆受精卵卵径平均值为(1.053±0.020)mm,不同批次的受精卵卵径间无显著差异。双变量相关统计分析结果显示,大菱鲆卵径与悬浮率、受精率和孵化率间相关性皆不显著。基于能量代谢关键酶统计结果显示,大菱鲆受精卵孵化率与参与蛋白代谢关键酶谷草转氨酶(AST)相对活力存在显著相关性[EAST≥(15.159±3.300)U.mg-1,HHatchingrate>20%,Spearman相关系数为R=0.675,P=0.003],悬浮率和受精率与AST显著相关;大菱鲆受精卵悬浮率、受精率和孵化率与参与糖代谢关键酶丙酮酸激酶(PK)间相关性均不显著。该研究表明,AST相对活力可以作为用于评价大菱鲆卵质的生理生化参数,蛋白质在大菱鲆受精卵能量代谢过程中是一个重要的能量来源。

一种尼泊尔传统豆荚发酵食品Masyaura的感官、生化与营养特征(英文)

Masyaura是尼泊尔出产的一种以豆荚为原料的发酵食品,可以采用传统日光自然干燥以及控制发酵、机械干燥的方法生产,通过感官、生化和营养特征进行评价。结果表明采用控制发酵、机械干燥方式生产的Masyaura,质地脆,密度低,感官评价优于自然发酵的产品。对2种方式生产的产品进行了蛋白质和淀粉的体外消化试验,在自然干燥或控制发酵、机械干燥的Masyaura中,含硫氨基酸都是第一限制性氨基酸。

制药废水的厌氧生化性评价及UASB处理

为了处理山东某一药厂的高浓度有机废水,首先采用间歇式实验对山东某一制药厂各主要车间生产废水及综合废水进行厌氧可生化性评价。然后以此为基础,采用两级中温UASB,以某一时期排放的厂区综合废水为处理对象,通过缩短HRT,考察在COD容积负荷的逐步升高下,反应器处理效果的变化。进水COD稀释至10 000 mg/L左右,p H维持在6.8到7.1。在单级UASB最大工程设计容积负荷6 g COD/(L·d)的条件下,经过两级UASB的串联处理,总COD的去除率能达73.5%,出水COD能基本稳定在2 600 mg/L。在这个系统运行时期,产气稳定,出水p H值稳定在7.4到8.0之间,VFA在500 mg/L以下。实验结果表明,两级UASB处理该制药厂废水是可行的。

Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an im- proved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the re- suits of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.

Spatio-temporal variation of vegetation in an arid and vulnerable coal mining region

Environmental assessment in an arid coal mining area requires an understanding of the influences of coal mining,the arid climate and ecological remediation.To that end,we selected vegetation as the key environmental factor to observe.Remote sensing approaches to monitoring the spatio-temporal variation of vegetation caused by mining activities,the arid climate and ecological remediation in the Shengdong coal mining area are described.Over a large regional scale it was found that the vegetation was improved as a result of ecological remediation activities.At the local scale,however,the vegetation coverage and soil moisture in the mined areas were slightly lower than those in un-mined areas due to mining subsidence.These differences are partly attributed to ground fissures that injure root systems and increase the depletion of soil moisture.It is recommended that fissures be reduced and filled to lessen their adverse effects on the environment.

Assessment and impact of diastolic function by echocardiography in elderly patients

Doppler echocardiography is the gold standard for assessment of diastolic dysfunction, which is increasingly recognised as a cause of heart failure, especially in the elderly. Using a combination of Doppler echocardiography techniques, it is possible to identify grades of dia- stolic dysftmction, estimate left ventricular filling pressures and establish the chronicity of diastolic dysfunction. These physiologi- cally-derived measures have been widely validated against invasive measurements of left heart pressures and have been shown to be prog- nostically valuable in a wide range of clinical settings. This review explores the mechanisms, and approaches to the assessment of diastolic dysfunction in the elderly. The challenge for clinicians is to identify pathophysiological changes from those associated with normal ageing. When used in combination, and taking age into account, Doppler echocardiographic parameters are helpful in the assessment of dyspnoea in older patients and provide prognostic insights.

Chemical synthesis, spectroscopic properties and biochemical evaluation of an adenine nucleotide derivative 2-aminoadenosine 5＇-triphosphate

An adenine nucleotide derivative 2-aminoadenosine 5＇-triphosphate was chemically synthesized through four steps and was characterized with 1H NMR, 31p NMR, 13C NMR, EA and FT-IR. Its ultraviolet and fluorescence properties at various pH values were studied. Two pKa values for the compound were determined by the curves of UV absorption dependency on pH, Which were 0.68 and 4.83, respectively. The values were consistent with those calculated from ACD/Labs software. In addition, hydrolysis of the adenine nucleotide derivative in the catalysis of potato apyrase was studied. The competition of the ATP analogue with ATP for potato apyrase＇ active site was proved to be a sequential reaction mechanism.

Assessment of Climate Change Variability Impacts on Wheat and Barley Production in Palestine

The study aimed at addressing climate variability impacts on wheat and barley production in Palestine. A combination of literature survey and multiple semi-structured interviews with officials from the Palestinian governmental agriculture related agencies and active non-governmental organizations （NGOs） used for gathering information on wheat and barley production in Palestine. The gathered data along with information and subsequent results prevailed that the West Bank since the 1970s has experienced a significant decrease in winter rainfall. Across 15 sites, growing season rainfall （September to May） decreased by an average of 11% and the sum of rainfall in September and October decreased by 45%. Despite the large decline in rainfall, yields based on the actual weather data did not fall. These results were due to the rainfall changes mainly occurring in September and October, a period when rainfall often is less than crop demand. The study arrived at conclusion based on the study results that climate change variabilities have differential impacts on the yield growth of wheat and barley. However, both rainfed dependent crops are adversely affected by the current climate trends. The yields of barley and wheat are decreasing due to increased temperature and decreased precipitation.

石油炼化装置化学药洗污水管控过程优化

为了贯彻落实“绿色企业行动计划”以及推进长江大保护,安庆石化积极探索石油化工行业的药洗废水管控的创新举措。该文详细介绍了污水处理过程的清洗药剂遴选,药剂进厂质量管控、清洗过程质量管控,以及药洗废水生化模拟评价等环节,以期把污染消除在产生的源头,提高处理效率,使整个生产过程及末端排放都达到对环境友好的目标,从根本上消除污染。

Correlation of serum arylesterase activity on phenylacetate estimated by the integrated method to common classical biochemical indexes of liver damage

The correlation of serum arylesterase(PON1) activity on phenylacetate determined by an integrated method to clas-sical biochemical indexes of liver damage was investigated for the use of PON1 activity to evaluate liver damage.PON1 reaction curve as absorbance at 270 nm for 0.20 mmol/L phenylacetate hydrolysis was analyzed by the integrated method to determine maximal PON1 reaction rate.Classical biochemical indexes of liver damage were determined routinely.The 95% confidence threshold of PON1 activity in sera from healthy individuals was 2.12 mkat/L [(4.73±1.31) mkat/L,n=105].PON1 activity in clinical sera was closely correlated to serum albumin,total protein and the ratio of albumin to globulins,but was weakly correlated to both direct and total bilirubin in serum.There were no correlations of PON1 activity to γ-glutamyltransferase,alkaline phos-phatase,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.Among 127 clinical sera with PON1 activity>2.12 mkat/L,there were 92% healthy individuals examined by albumin,90% healthy individuals examined by total protein,88% healthy individuals examined by total bilirubin,86% healthy individuals examined by direct bilirubin and 64% healthy individuals examined by the ratio of albumin to globulins,respectively.In each group of healthy individuals judged by classical biochemical indexes of close correlation to PON1 activity,percentage of healthy individuals examined by PON1 activity was always >80%.These results suggested PON1 activity on phenylacetate estimated by the integrated method was also suitable for the evaluation of liver damage.

Optimizing forestry industrial structure based on the framework of rationalization,advancement and ecologicalization

Under the target of the sustainable development,optimization of forestry industrial structure contains rationalization and advancement of forestry industrial structure in the traditional sense,as well as ecologicalization of forestry industrial structure.The connotation of optimization of forestry industrial structure is analyzed at first,and then the paper chooses the typical evaluation indexes from the three sides of rationalization,advancement and ecologicalization to evaluate the current situation of the regional forestry industrial structure.With the aid of the theory of fuzzy mathematics and information entropy,the paper establishes a fuzzy evaluation model which is based on information entropy for optimization of forestry industrial structure,and the evaluation model is applied in the study for the current situation of forestry industrial structure from 2000 to 2006 in Hubei province.The results show that the grade of forestry industrial structure is bad basically during the research,of which the overall level of forestry industrial structure of Hubei province is poor,the degree of utilizing forest resource is lower,and ecological environment in the forest region has been damaged to some extent.On this basis,the author presents the countermeasure to promote the optimization of forestry industrial structure.

Long Term Evaluation of Green Vegetation Cover Dynamic in the Atacora Mountain Chain(Togo) and its Relation to Carbon Sequestration in West Africa

The research was done in the Atacora Mountain chain in Togo which tended to assess the change of vegetation cover during a 24-year period.It also aims to evaluate the dynamic of the net primary productivity(NPP) of the living plants over the same period.The Landsat imagery covering three different periods(1987, 2000, and 2011) was pre-processed to correct atmospheric and radiometric parameters as well as gapfilling the 2011 SCL-off images.Then, the vegetation indices such as NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index), SR(simple ratiovegetation index), SAVI(soil-adjusted vegetation index), and CASA(carnegie- ames- stanford approach)model for NPP were applied on these images after masking the study area.The results showed a quiet decrease in the vegetation cover.The vegetation loss was more significant from 2000 to 2011 than from1987 to 2000, and anthropogenic activities can be deemed as the main cause of the vegetation loss.The biomass assessment by NPP computation also showed a decrease over the time.Similar to the change of the vegetation cover, the ecosystem net productivity was very low in 2011 compared to 2000 and 1987.It seems that the general health condition of thevegetation, including its potentiality in carbon sinking,was negatively affected in this area, which has already been under threatened.A perpetual monitoring of these ecosystems by means of efficient techniques could enhance the sustainable management tools of in the framework of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation(REDD).