陇东绒山羊生后期生长发育规律的观测及分析

试验测定了陇东绒山羊生长发育规律。结果表明:陇东绒山羊在哺乳期生长发育快,日增重高,6月龄公母羊体质量分别为14.37 kg和13.23 kg,是出生时的6.3倍和5.8倍,日增重分别为67.05 g和60.83 g,公羊生长发育速度快于母羊,差异不显著(P>0.05);周岁公母羊体质量分别为18.52 kg和17.94 kg,日增重分别为23.06g和26.17 g,母羊生长发育速度快于公羊,差异不显著(P>0.05);2岁公母羊体质量分别为29.45 kg和23.84 kg,日增重分别为29.95 g和16.16g,公羊生长速度快于母羊,差异显著(P<0.05);成年公母羊体质量分别为33.77 kg和24.01 kg,日增重分别为11.58 g和0.47 g,公羊生长速度快于母羊,差异极显著(P<0.01);成年以后,公母羊体尺体质量指标均有所下降。因此,应抓好各年龄阶段特别是哺乳期及育成期的饲养管理,以保证和充分发挥绒山羊的生产性能。

湘黄猪生后期生长发育规律的研究

本文以湘黄四世代二产后代为试验材料,分别测定15kg、30kg、60kg、90kg阶段体重胴体及组织的重量变化,以湘Ⅳ为对照,以y=axb回归法研究其出生后生长发育规律。结果表明:组织的生长强度,湘黄:脂肪>肌肉>皮肤>骨骼,湘Ⅳ:脂肪>肌肉>骨骼>皮肤;组织的早熟性顺位,湘黄:骨骼>皮肤>脂肪>肌肉,湘Ⅳ:骨骼>皮肤>肌肉>脂肪;阶段体重的胴体重,湘黄比湘Ⅳ平均高14.3%。反映出二者产肉性能、胴体品质、组织早熟性等存在较大差异,湘黄占有显著优势。

高职学生影视后期制作技能实训能力培养方法

影视后期制作是指通过合成手段或三维动画将实际拍摄所得到的素材制作成特技镜头,然后将有用镜头剪辑在一起,以此形成完整的影片,之后再为影片制作声音。毋庸讳言,影视后期制作对影视作品至关重要,直接决定着整部作品的制作质量。本文尝试提出几点培养高职生影视后期制作技能实训能力的方法,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。

浅析影响护生实习后期护理安全的相关因素及对策

护生的临床实习是护理教学的重要组成部分,也是护生理论联系实际培养独立工作的重要阶段,临床实习是护理人员由护生角色向护士角色转换的重要时期。临床实习效果一直是护理院校和临床医院关注的重要问题之一[1]。而临床教学中的安全问题,更是临床护理教学的重中之重。特别是在实习后期,护生受各方面因素的影响,极易发生护理差错,为了提高教学质量减少护生差错的发生,保证临床带教质量,现将我科2008-2011年来影响临床护生实习后期护理安全的因素及对策分析如下。

BMP2基因在鹅胸、腹、背部皮肤中的定位定量表达研究

运用免疫组化和荧光定量PCR方法，研究了吉林白鹅生后期胸、腹、背皮肤中BMP2基因的定位表达及mRNA变化规律。结果表明：BMP2基因在鹅胸、腹、背部皮肤初级毛囊和次级毛囊发育过程中均有表达，BMP2在毛囊中羽枝嵴和羽轴嵴部位表达，而羽枝嵴将来发育成羽枝，推断BMP2与羽枝发育有关。7日龄时背部BMP2的m／~NA相对基因表达量为5．52t7，分别是胸部的3．42倍和腹部的7．56倍。此时胸腹部毛囊处于快速发育阶段，BMP2则抑制毛囊发育；28日龄腹部BMP2相对基因表达量明显高于背部和胸部，此时腹部已有羽小钩出现，BMP2可能参与羽毛分支；63日龄BMP2的mRNA相对表达量胸部高于腹部和背部，此时胸部羽手发育已基本成熟．而腹部和背部晚1～2周成熟。

鹅皮肤BMP4基因mRNA表达研究

采用荧光定量PCR方法研究BMP4基因mRNA在吉林白鹅胚胎期和生后期皮肤中表达变化规律,并采集21~29胚龄胎毛及40~130日龄鹅背部羽毛,观察羽毛生长发育规律及羽毛分支。结果表明：BMP4基因mRNA在鹅皮肤毛囊发育的整个过程中都有表达,胚胎期21~29胚龄表达量相对较低,40~70日龄时,鹅背部皮肤中BMP4mRNA表达量呈线性快速增加,在70日龄时BMP4mRNA相对表达量为2.575,是40日龄时相对表达量0.931的2.77倍,70~90日龄BMP4mRNA表达量有所下降,90~130日龄表达量呈线性快速增加,BMP4相对表达量在130日龄时达到了4.943,是40日龄时的5.31倍,是90日龄时相对表达量1.814的2.73倍。羽毛的长和直径以及羽小枝长和直径增长速度在90日龄后减慢,呈平稳增长状态。可见,BMP4基因在鹅羽毛快速发育时期低表达,在羽毛发育速度较慢的时期高表达,且在片羽分支阶段高表达,可能与羽毛分支有一定关系。

Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in the Flag Leaves of Different High Yield Rice Variety at Late Stage of Development Under Natural Condition

With indica ( Oryza sativa L.) hybrid Shanyou 63 as control, the hybrid rice varieties including Peiai 64S/E32, Peiai 64S/9311, X07S/Zihui 100, Guangyou 881 and japonica 9516 were used to study changes of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic response to light intensity and temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and membrane lipid peroxidation in their flag leaves at the late stage of development under natural conditions in Nanjing. The results were as follows:. primary photochemical efficiency of PS II ( F-v / F-m), quantum yield of linear electron transport of PS II (phi(PSII)), electron transfer rate (ETR) in these rice varieties decreased with their decrease of chlorophyll content during this period. This kind of impediment to energy conversion induced the transfer of excessive energy to the reducing side of PS I, hence the accumulation of O-2(radical anion) and peroxidation of membrane lipid, and resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), that is the destroys of photosynthetic pigments and membranes and the consequent, premature senescence. This phenomenon is variable conspicuously in different rice varieties. Under natural condition in Nanjing, F-v/F-m, phi(PSII), ETR and quenching coefficient ( qP) in japonica 9516 tolerant to photooxidation decreased less and the conversion capacity of light energy was stable, premature senescence was unlikely, and consequently the seed-setting rate was higher. While F-v/F-m, phi(PSII), ETR and photochemical qP in Shanyou 63 sensitive to photooxidation decreased more and therefore premature senescence was easy to happen, thus the seed-setting rate and yield were all reduced. The tolerance to photooxidation and premature senescence in other hybrids derived from typical two line or three line crossing laid in the middle. From the rice breeding for super-high-yield, on the basis of the good plant-type of current rice, considering both hybrid vigor and the prevention premature senescence, it would be a notable strategy to use japonica maternal line or maternal. lines with some japonica genotype as the sterile lines in rice breeding.

Effects of Water Deficit and Increased Nitrogen Application in the Late Growth Stage on Physiological Characters of Anti-aging of Leaves in Different Hybrid Rice Varieties

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of water and fertilizer regulation on the function of leaves in the filling stage. [Method] Six hybrid rice vari- eties including prematurely aged types and non-prematurely aged ones were selected as experimental materials. Limiting water treatment （with soil water potential of about -25 kpa） and increasing nitrogen treatment （additional 10% of granular nitrogen fertiliz- er in addition to limiting water treatment） were applied after heading to analyse the rates of aging and physiological responses of anti-aging in different hybrid rice vari- eties under water deficit and increased nitrogen conditions taking regular water and fertilizer as control. [Result] The results showed that water deficit accelerated the leaf senescence, and prematurely aged types-＇Zhongyou838＇, ＇Tianyou998＇ and ＇Long- ping601 ＇-were more markedly affected by water deficit, of which the rates of chloro- phyll degradation were 6%-8% higher compared to that in another three hybrids. In- creasing nitrogen treatment raised chlorophyll content and slowed down its degrada- tion. Water deficit caused the increase of abscisic acid （ABA） content to obviously varying degrees in leaves of six hybried rice varieties. Responses of ABA content in six hybried rice varieties to increased nitrogen fertilizer were not consistent. Except in ＇Zhongyou838＇, ABA content in the other five hybrids had varying degrees of in- crease. The responses of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different hybried rice varieties were inconsistent. In response to increased nitrogen fertilizer in combination with water deficit, the activity of each antioxidant enzyme changed differently. Water deficit enhanced the accumulation of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves of each hybrid rice. The correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content was extremely signifi- cantly positively correlated to the resistance of each antioxidant enzyme; SOD activity in leaves also positively related to ABA content. [Conclusion] The rate of leaf aging, physiological activity of anti-aging, and response to water deficit varied in different hy- bried rice varieties. The activity of antioxidant enzymes were not all induced to improve by ABA. SOD activity can be an indicator of resistance to stress. Increasing nitrogen ap- plication significantly postponed leave senescence in the late growth stage of rice.

计算机录入技术专用周的安排

计算机录入技术对于一名计算机专业人员来讲是必须具备的一项基本技能,只有掌握好录入技术,才能使用计算机的键盘将有关命令、文字等信息送入计算机内,以进行各种操作.欧美国家对计算机录入技术一直很重视,把它看作一种操作技术训练,使之达到一定的水平和级别,几乎每人都要接受这种技能训练.

Effects of temperature and salinity on the development of embryos and larvae of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa(Valenciennes, 1846)

The major population of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa （Valenciennes, 1846）, which is an important fishery resource, is facing a large decline in China. We studied the effects of incubation temperature （16-34℃ at salinity 30） and salinity （5-45 at 25℃） on the incubation period and subsequent larval development. In the temperature experiment, the shortest incubation period was 12 days at 34℃, the lower temperature limit was 16~C, the longest mean shell length （1 193＋17 pan） occurred at 25℃ and the highest survival rate 72.28%＋5.62% was observed at 28℃. In the salinity experiment, the shortest incubation period was 15 days at 25. The salinity tolerance range was 15-40, the longest mean shell length （855-4-9 μm） and the highest survival rate 72.93%~4.85% were both observed at 35. This study demonstrated that, during the egg-mass stage, temperature and salinity regimes influence later growth and survival of larvae. These observations deepen our understanding of the ecology and conservation of natural populations of Rapana venosa.

Comparison of four models for end-stage liver disease in evaluating the prognosis of cirrhosis

AIM： To investigate the prognostic value of the model for end-stage liver disease （MELD） and three new MELD-based models combination with serum sodium in decompensated cirrhosis patients-the MELD with the incorporation of serum sodium （MELD-Na）, the integrated MELD （iMELD）, and the MELD to sodium （MESO） index. METHODS： A total of 166 patients with decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled into the study. MELD, MELD- Na, iMELD and MESO scores were calculated for each patient following the original formula on the first day of admission. All patients were followed up at least 1 year. The predictive prognosis related with the four models was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC） of the four parameters. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were made using the cut-offs identified by means of receiver operating characteristic （ROC）. RESULTS： Out of 166 patients, 38 patients with significantly higher MELD-Na （28.84 ± 2.43 vs 14.72 ± 0.60）, iMELD （49.04 ± 1.72 vs 35.52 ± 0.67）, MESO scores （1.59 ± 0.82 vs 0.99 ± 0.42） compared to the survivors died within 3 mo （P 〈 0.001）. Of 166 patients, 75 with markedly higher MELD-Na （23.01 ± 1.51 vs 13.78 ± 0.69）, iMELD （44.06 ± 1.19 vs 34.12 ± 0.69）, MESO scores （1.37 ± 0.70 vs 0.93 ± 0.40） than the survivors died within 1 year （P 〈 0.001）. At 3 mo of enrollment, the iMELD had the highest AUC （0.841）, and was followed by the MELD-Na （0.766）, MESO （0.723）, all larger than MELD （0.773）; At year, the iMELD still had the highest AUC （0.783）, the difference between the iMELD and MELD was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Survival curves showed that the three new models were all clearly discriminated the patients who survived or died in short-term as well as intermediate-term （P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Three new models, changed with serum sodium （MELD-Na, iMELD, MESO） can exactly predict the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis for short and intermediate period, and may enhance the prognostic accuracy of MELD. The iMELD is better prognostic model for outcome prediction in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

High Serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 Levels after a Two-Cycle Adjuvant Chemotherapy for NSCLC:Possible Poor Prognostic Factors

Objective The aim of this study was to test whether carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and cytokeratin 19 fragments （CYFRA21-1） can be used as a prognostic factor for non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Methods A total of 169 patients underwent at least two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. The serum levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 were recorded after the second cycle of chemotherapy, and the patient follow-up was conducted. Overall survival （OS） and disease- free survival （DFS） were used as the primary endpoint and the secondary endpoint, respectively. Results The high levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were poor prognostic factors for OS, with risk ratios （RR） of 2.003 and 1.702, respectively. A high CEA level was a poor prognostic factor （RR 1.152） for DFS. The median survival time （MST） of the high CEA level group was 26 months, whereas that of the normal group was 61 months （P〈0.0001）. The median DFS time of the high CEA group and the normal group was 34 and 53 months, respectively （P〈0.0001）. The MST of the high CYFRA21-1 group and the normal group was 43 and 56 months, respectively （P〈0.0001）. Conclusions The high serum levels of CEA or CYFRA21-1 after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy are poor prognostic factors for NSCLC patients.

Addition of hepatectomy decreases liver recurrence and leads to long survival in hilar cholangiocarcinoma

AIM： To evaluate hepatic recurrence and prognostic factors for survival in patients with surgically resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in a single institution over the last 13 years. METHODS： From 1994 to 2007, all patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma referred to a surgical clinic were evaluated. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and outcome were analyzed retrospectively. Outcome was compared in patients who underwent additional liver resection with resection of the tumor. RESULTS： Of the 69 patients submitted to laparotomy for tumor resection, curative resection （Ro resection） was performed in 40 patients, and palliative resection in 29. Thirty-one patients had only duct resection, and 38 patients had combined duct resection with liver resection including 34 total or part caudate lobes. Curative rates with the combined hepatectomy were significantly improved compared with those without additional hepatectomy （27/38 vs 13/31; X^2 = 5.94, P 〈 0.05）. Concomitant liver resection was associated with a decreased incidence of initial recurrence in liver one year after surgery （11/38 vs 23/31; X^2 = 13.98, P 〈 0.01）. The 3-year survival rate after Ro resection was 30.7% and was 10.5% for palliative resection. R0 resection improved the 3-year survival rate （30.7% vs 10.5%; X^2 = 12.47, P 〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION： Hepatectomy, especially including the caudate lobe combined with bile duct resection should be considered standard treatment to cure hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Structure,expression,and developmental function of early divergent forms of metalloproteinases in Hydra

Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processesranging from the break-down of extracellular matrix to the processing of signaltransduction-related proteins.These hydrolytic functions underlie a variety of mechanisms related to developmental processes as well as disease states.Structural analysis of metalloproteinases from both invertebrate and vertebrate species indicates that these enzymes are highly conserved and arose early during metazoan evolution.In this regard,studies from vari-ous laboratories have reported that a number of classes of metalloproteinases are found in hydra,a member of Cnidaria,the second oldest of existing animal phyla.These studies demonstrate that the hydra genome contains at least three classes of metalloproteinases to include members of the 1)astacin class,2)matrix met-alloproteinase class,and 3)neprilysin class.Functional studies indicate that these metalloproteinases play diverse and important roles in hydra morphogenesis and cell differentiation as well as specialized functions in adult polyps.This article will review the structure,expression,and function of these metalloproteinases in hydra.

Prognostic factors for the survival of 66 cases with extensive stage-small cell lung cancer

Objective The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the prognostic factors associated with survival among patients with extensive stage-smal cel lung cancer （ES-SCLC）. Methods Clinical data from 66 patients with ES-SCLC diagnosed via histopathology or cytology between July 2005 and July 2009 at Anyang Tumor Hospital （China） were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted. Results The 12-, 24-, and 36-month survival rates among patients with ES-SCLC were 40.9%, 13.6%, and 6.1%, respectively. The median survival time （MST） was 10 months. Univariate analyses indicated that weight loss, eficacy of first-line chemotherapy, total number of chemotherapy cycles, treatment meth-od, and serum sodium levels significantly influenced survival among patients with ES-SCLC. Multivariate analyses suggested that the eficacy of first-line chemotherapy, total number of chemotherapy cycles, and serum sodium levels were independent prognostic factors associated with survival. Conclusion The eficacy of first-line chemotherapy, total number of chemotherapy cycles, and serum sodium levels are important prognostic factors for patients with ES-SCLC.

Expression of phosphatase regenerating liver 3 is an independent prognostic indicator for gastric cancer

AIM： To investigate the prognostic significance of phosphatase regenerating liver 3 （PRL-3） protein expression in gastric cancer.METHODS： PRL-3 expression in paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 293 patients with gastric cancer was studied retrospectively by immunohistochemistry. Nonoclonal antibody specifically against PRL-3, 3B6, was obtained with hybridoma technique.RESULTS： Positive PRL-3 expression was detected in 43.3% （227 of 293） of gastric cancer cases. High expression of PRL-3 was positively correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, vascular/lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, high TNM stage and tumor recurrence. Patients with positive PRL-3 expression had a significantly lower 5-year survival rate than those with negative expression （28.3% vs 52.9%, P 〈 0.0001）. Patients who received curative surgery, and with positive PRL-3 expression had a significant shorter overall survival and disease-free disadvantage over patients with negative expression （hazard ratio of 16.7 and 16.6, respectively; P 〈 0.0001 for both）. Multivariate analysis revealed that PRL-3 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for overall and disease-free survival of gastric cancer patients, particularly for survival in TNM stage Ⅲ patients. CONCLUSION： PRL-3 expression is a new independent prognostic indicator to predict the potential of recurrence and survival in patients with gastric cancer at the time of tumor resection,

陇东绒山羊生长发育规律的观测及分析

测定了陇东绒山羊生长性能。结果表明,陇东绒山羊在哺乳期生长发育快,日增重高,6月龄公母羊体重分别为14.37kg和13.23kg,是出生时的6.3倍和5.8倍;日增重分别为67.05g和60.83g。公羊生长发育速度快于母羊,差异不显著(P>0.05);周岁公母羊体重分别为18.52kg和17.94kg,日增重分别为23.06g和26.17g,母羊生长发育速度快于公羊,差异不显著(P>0.05);2岁公母羊体重分别为29.45kg和23.84kg,日增重分别为29.95g和16.16g,公羊生长速度快于母羊,差异显著(P<0.05);成年公母羊体重分别为33.77kg和24.01kg,日增重分别为11.58g和0.47g,公羊生长速度快于母羊,差异极显著(P<0.01);成年以后,公母羊体尺体重指标均有所下降。因此,应抓好各年龄阶段特别是哺乳期及育成期的饲养管理,以保证和充分发挥绒山羊的生产性能。

七彩的事业与素质教育

素质教育除培养发展人的先天身体及心理素质外,还培养发展人的主体可能性和潜能.通过对学生后期的教育,环境的影响所形成的现实素质,这一现实素质是我们的教育和受教育过程中完成整体和个体素质的形成.美术教育则是完成这一素质形成过程的重要因素.

THE EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO MEANINGS OF UNKNOWN VOCABULARY ON READING COMPREHENSION IN THE TARGET LANGUAGE OF SECOND-YEAR CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS

This paper presents a study of the effect of exposure to meanings of unknown vocabulary on reading comprehension in the target language (in this case, English). The subjects are 30 second-year Chinese college students. The results illustrate that the subjects' being exposed to the meanings of unknown words in a passage does exert a significant effect on their reading comprehension in the target language.

Contribution of Root Proliferation in Nutrient-Rich Soil Patches to Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Maize

Root proliferation can be stimulated in a heterogeneous nutrient patch; however, the functions of the root proliferation in the nutrient-rich soil patches are not fully understood. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to examine the comparative effects of localized application of ammonium and phosphorus (P) at early or late stages on root growth, nutrient uptake, and biomass of maize (Zea mays L.) on a calcareous soil in an intensive farming system. Localized supply of ammonium and P had a more evident effect on shoot and root growth, and especially stimulated fine root development at the early seedling stage, with most of the maize roots being allocated to the nutrient-rich patch in the topsoil. Although localized ammonium and P supply at the late stage also enhanced the fine root growth, the plant roots in the patch accounted for a low proportion of the whole maize roots in the topsoil at the flowering stage. Compared with the early stage, fine root length in the short-lived nutrient patch decreased by 44%-62% and the shoot dry weight was not different between heterogeneous and homogeneous nutrient supply at the late growth stage. Localized supply of ammonium and P significantly increased N and P accumulation by maize at 35 and 47 days after sowing (DAS); however, no significant difference was found among the treatments at 82 DAS and the later growth stages. The increased nutrient uptake and plant growth was related to the higher proportion of root length in the localized nutrient-enriched patch. The results indicated that root proliferation in nutrient patches contributed more to maize growth and nutrient uptake at the early than late stages.