The Asar va Ahyā’is a manual of agricultural production written in the early fourteenth century by the famous Iranian vizier and scholar Rashīd al-Dīn.Only chapter 6 to chapter 13 of the original work survive,deal...The Asar va Ahyā’is a manual of agricultural production written in the early fourteenth century by the famous Iranian vizier and scholar Rashīd al-Dīn.Only chapter 6 to chapter 13 of the original work survive,dealing with agriculture and horticulture,and nearly a third of the pages of which are devoted to introducing Chinese plants and related knowledge.In addition to introducing botanical knowledge,the book also covered information on all the aspects of the Yuan dynasty(1271–1368),including the taxation system,monetary system,military system,economy and trade,manufacturing techniques,ethnic customs,food culture,and other fields,providing important materials for research on the dissemination of species,exchange of technologies,communication of ethnic groups,and integration of cultures between China and the world during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.Rashīd al-Dīn,the book’s author,took advantage of his identities as a statesman and a businessman to collect rich information about plants all over the world.Motivated by his specific interest in Chinese culture,he included a huge amount of Chinese information in the book.Meanwhile,records in the Asar va Asyā’reflect the author’s practice of researching,planting,and cultivating plants,making the book not only a compilation of agricultural knowledge,but also a report that recorded the author’s agricultural practice.展开更多
Nowadays, the number of products and also of architectural projects, qualified as ＂sustainable＂, is ever more growing. Following this trend, architectural design may exploit the use of （eco） materials and componen...Nowadays, the number of products and also of architectural projects, qualified as ＂sustainable＂, is ever more growing. Following this trend, architectural design may exploit the use of （eco） materials and components to promote a project as sustainable even without considering its impact on the environment; This can be defined as architectural greenwash. This paper considers the case of green envelopes with the aim to evaluate if these can be defined as sustainable design practice. Green envelopes provide environmental advantages together with the suggestion to a green aesthetics par excellence. In fact, the integration of vegetation in urban fabric plays an important role in improving ecological and environmental conditions of （and in） cities, although systems can have a high environmental burden. This paper aims to answer the question： Is greening the building envelope a sustainable design practice？ To do so, the paper provides a literature review which includes the main research developed regarding environmental burden, benefits and LCA （life cycle assessment） calculations of green envelopes.展开更多
文摘The Asar va Ahyā’is a manual of agricultural production written in the early fourteenth century by the famous Iranian vizier and scholar Rashīd al-Dīn.Only chapter 6 to chapter 13 of the original work survive,dealing with agriculture and horticulture,and nearly a third of the pages of which are devoted to introducing Chinese plants and related knowledge.In addition to introducing botanical knowledge,the book also covered information on all the aspects of the Yuan dynasty(1271–1368),including the taxation system,monetary system,military system,economy and trade,manufacturing techniques,ethnic customs,food culture,and other fields,providing important materials for research on the dissemination of species,exchange of technologies,communication of ethnic groups,and integration of cultures between China and the world during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.Rashīd al-Dīn,the book’s author,took advantage of his identities as a statesman and a businessman to collect rich information about plants all over the world.Motivated by his specific interest in Chinese culture,he included a huge amount of Chinese information in the book.Meanwhile,records in the Asar va Asyā’reflect the author’s practice of researching,planting,and cultivating plants,making the book not only a compilation of agricultural knowledge,but also a report that recorded the author’s agricultural practice.
文摘Nowadays, the number of products and also of architectural projects, qualified as ＂sustainable＂, is ever more growing. Following this trend, architectural design may exploit the use of （eco） materials and components to promote a project as sustainable even without considering its impact on the environment; This can be defined as architectural greenwash. This paper considers the case of green envelopes with the aim to evaluate if these can be defined as sustainable design practice. Green envelopes provide environmental advantages together with the suggestion to a green aesthetics par excellence. In fact, the integration of vegetation in urban fabric plays an important role in improving ecological and environmental conditions of （and in） cities, although systems can have a high environmental burden. This paper aims to answer the question： Is greening the building envelope a sustainable design practice？ To do so, the paper provides a literature review which includes the main research developed regarding environmental burden, benefits and LCA （life cycle assessment） calculations of green envelopes.
