That flow is the common feature of substance flow and fluid flow is the viewpoint emphasized in the paper. Some notes on fluid mechanics, including the two approaches of fluid flow description, were given. The concept...That flow is the common feature of substance flow and fluid flow is the viewpoint emphasized in the paper. Some notes on fluid mechanics, including the two approaches of fluid flow description, were given. The concepts of the chain and the chain group of product life cycles, which are essential for understanding the specific features of substance flow, were advanced. Taking the specific feature of substance flow into consideration, on the analogy of the two approaches in fluid mechanics, two approaches of substance flow analysis, i.e. L method and E model, were formulated. Illustrative models of steady and unsteady substance flow were sketched by both methods, and comparison between them was made in general.展开更多
This paper provides an overview of the degradation in CANDU^a （Canadian Deuterium Uranium） feeders in operating plants observed from the mid 1990s onward. The degradation has been dominated by feeder wall thinning, ...This paper provides an overview of the degradation in CANDU^a （Canadian Deuterium Uranium） feeders in operating plants observed from the mid 1990s onward. The degradation has been dominated by feeder wall thinning, caused by FAC （flow accelerated corrosion） and feeder cracking. This paper summarizes the industry＇s response to the discovery of these two degradation mechanisms and the methodologies, tools and technologies developed to monitor the degradation and assess the continued fitness for service to manage the plant life. This paper identifies some of the lessons gained from more than a decade of industry effort, and discusses how these lessons are being implemented in the refurbished and new CANDU plants. CANDU^a is a registered trademark of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.展开更多
文摘That flow is the common feature of substance flow and fluid flow is the viewpoint emphasized in the paper. Some notes on fluid mechanics, including the two approaches of fluid flow description, were given. The concepts of the chain and the chain group of product life cycles, which are essential for understanding the specific features of substance flow, were advanced. Taking the specific feature of substance flow into consideration, on the analogy of the two approaches in fluid mechanics, two approaches of substance flow analysis, i.e. L method and E model, were formulated. Illustrative models of steady and unsteady substance flow were sketched by both methods, and comparison between them was made in general.
文摘This paper provides an overview of the degradation in CANDU^a （Canadian Deuterium Uranium） feeders in operating plants observed from the mid 1990s onward. The degradation has been dominated by feeder wall thinning, caused by FAC （flow accelerated corrosion） and feeder cracking. This paper summarizes the industry＇s response to the discovery of these two degradation mechanisms and the methodologies, tools and technologies developed to monitor the degradation and assess the continued fitness for service to manage the plant life. This paper identifies some of the lessons gained from more than a decade of industry effort, and discusses how these lessons are being implemented in the refurbished and new CANDU plants. CANDU^a is a registered trademark of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.
