Fatigue characteristics of A7N01 aluminium alloy welded joint were investigated and a fatigue crack initiation life-based model was proposed. The difference of fatigue crack initiation life among base metal, weld meta...Fatigue characteristics of A7N01 aluminium alloy welded joint were investigated and a fatigue crack initiation life-based model was proposed. The difference of fatigue crack initiation life among base metal, weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) is slight. Furthermore, the ratio of fatigue crack initiation life (Ni) to fatigue life to failure(Nf) is a material dependent parameter, 26.32%, 40.21% and 60.67% for base metal, HAZ and weld metal, respectively. Total fatigue life predicted using the presented model is in good agreement with the experimental data and that using Basquin’s model. The observation results of fatigue fracture surfaces, using scanning electron microscope (SEM), demonstrate that fatigue crack initiates from smooth surface due to welding process for weld metal, blowhole in HAZ causes fatigue crack initiation, and the crushed second phase particles play an important part in fatigue crack initiation in base metal.展开更多
The effects of inclusions in powder superalloy FGH96 on low-cycle fatigue life were studied, and a low-cycle crack initiation life prediction model based on the theory of damage mechanics was proposed. The damage char...The effects of inclusions in powder superalloy FGH96 on low-cycle fatigue life were studied, and a low-cycle crack initiation life prediction model based on the theory of damage mechanics was proposed. The damage characterization parameter was proposed after the construction of damage evolution equations. Fatigue tests of the powder superalloy specimens with and without inclusion were conducted at 530 and 600 ℃, and the model verification was carried out for specimens with elliptical, semi-elliptical, polygon and strip-shaped surface/subsurface inclusion. The stress analysis was performed by finite element simulation and the predicted life was calculated. The results showed a satisfying agreement between predicted and experimental life.展开更多
On the basis of the analysis on the disadvantages of the original goal-setting about rock drivage, this paper defined the "life cycle quality". With project management theory and the Cobb-Douglas function, "quality...On the basis of the analysis on the disadvantages of the original goal-setting about rock drivage, this paper defined the "life cycle quality". With project management theory and the Cobb-Douglas function, "quality-cost and quality-price curve model" and the "total cost-period prediction model" were built. Then the goal-setting method of the balance among quality, cost and period of rock drivage was constructed by finding "life cycle cost" through "life cycle quality" using "quality-cost and quality-price curve model" and ensuring period through "life cycle cost" using "total cost-period prediction model" (hereinafter referred to as the "three goals balance method"). "Value contribution" which is the value of the contribution to a mine because of rock drivage, was found in the process of constructing the "quality-cost and quality-price curve model". An industrial test was done in coal mine A with the research results, staff footage efficiency improved by 24.24%, the period shortened by 14.3%, the "life cycle cost" dropped by 2.09%, the "life cycle quality price" improved by 3.29%, and value contribution increased by 25.3%. The result shows that the new goal method setting on the basis of coal mine profit maximization can ensure construc- tion period. At the same time, it can realize cost and quality objectives and the optimization and balance of relationship among them; rewarding excavation teams by "value contribution" can combine organizational goal with personal goal, it significantly raise the employee's work efficiency.展开更多
This paper investigates the rolling contact fatigue of kiln wheels with respect to the axis line deflection, which is linear with the applied supporting loads on wheels. Fatigue crack initiation criteria for elastic s...This paper investigates the rolling contact fatigue of kiln wheels with respect to the axis line deflection, which is linear with the applied supporting loads on wheels. Fatigue crack initiation criteria for elastic shakedown, plastic shakedown and ratcheting material responses are applied to assess wheels responses with two sets of axial line deflection. The finite element simulations are performed by using the bilinear material mode for nonlinear and kinematic hardening in ANSYS 11.0. By comparing the results from different critera, it is showed that the low-cycle fatigue is the predominated failure. Results from different axial line deflections indicate that the optimum adjustment can greatly enhance the whole life of the supporting structure.展开更多
The measurement of customer assets value has become a significant task in the field of marketing. Although a series of achievements have been formed, the deeper research is still needed in the following aspects: how ...The measurement of customer assets value has become a significant task in the field of marketing. Although a series of achievements have been formed, the deeper research is still needed in the following aspects: how to build parameter estimation model of various variables based on the interaction among customer assets elements and how to get the scientific and available measured data. In order to solve these problems, this paper, based on the characteristics of customer relationship in Business to Business (B to B) enterprise and the analysis of the variable factors in the interactive models will systematically and practically use the seemingly unrelated regression method to construct three main parameters estimation models in the customer assets measurement model, and prove the feasibility of the model through a case study. Research results show that measurement model system constructed by this method solves the problem of interaction and germination among parameters influencing factors. At the same time, factors concentration simplifies data sources to ensure the reliability and objectivity of the data, and thus improve the accuracy and feasibility of the estimation of customer assets value.展开更多
In this paper, the growth effect of health in Ghana is examined for the period 1982-2012. Life expectancy at birth is used as proxy for health, and real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) for economic growth. T...In this paper, the growth effect of health in Ghana is examined for the period 1982-2012. Life expectancy at birth is used as proxy for health, and real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) for economic growth. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach to cointegration is used to estimate the short- and long-run effects of health on economic growth. The results show that good health significantly promotes economic growth, both in the short-run and long- run. Development policy should, therefore, aim at raising health sector investment to improve health conditions of the population.展开更多
文摘Fatigue characteristics of A7N01 aluminium alloy welded joint were investigated and a fatigue crack initiation life-based model was proposed. The difference of fatigue crack initiation life among base metal, weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) is slight. Furthermore, the ratio of fatigue crack initiation life (Ni) to fatigue life to failure(Nf) is a material dependent parameter, 26.32%, 40.21% and 60.67% for base metal, HAZ and weld metal, respectively. Total fatigue life predicted using the presented model is in good agreement with the experimental data and that using Basquin’s model. The observation results of fatigue fracture surfaces, using scanning electron microscope (SEM), demonstrate that fatigue crack initiates from smooth surface due to welding process for weld metal, blowhole in HAZ causes fatigue crack initiation, and the crushed second phase particles play an important part in fatigue crack initiation in base metal.
基金sponsored by AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materialsfunded by National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2015AA034401)。
文摘The effects of inclusions in powder superalloy FGH96 on low-cycle fatigue life were studied, and a low-cycle crack initiation life prediction model based on the theory of damage mechanics was proposed. The damage characterization parameter was proposed after the construction of damage evolution equations. Fatigue tests of the powder superalloy specimens with and without inclusion were conducted at 530 and 600 ℃, and the model verification was carried out for specimens with elliptical, semi-elliptical, polygon and strip-shaped surface/subsurface inclusion. The stress analysis was performed by finite element simulation and the predicted life was calculated. The results showed a satisfying agreement between predicted and experimental life.
文摘On the basis of the analysis on the disadvantages of the original goal-setting about rock drivage, this paper defined the "life cycle quality". With project management theory and the Cobb-Douglas function, "quality-cost and quality-price curve model" and the "total cost-period prediction model" were built. Then the goal-setting method of the balance among quality, cost and period of rock drivage was constructed by finding "life cycle cost" through "life cycle quality" using "quality-cost and quality-price curve model" and ensuring period through "life cycle cost" using "total cost-period prediction model" (hereinafter referred to as the "three goals balance method"). "Value contribution" which is the value of the contribution to a mine because of rock drivage, was found in the process of constructing the "quality-cost and quality-price curve model". An industrial test was done in coal mine A with the research results, staff footage efficiency improved by 24.24%, the period shortened by 14.3%, the "life cycle cost" dropped by 2.09%, the "life cycle quality price" improved by 3.29%, and value contribution increased by 25.3%. The result shows that the new goal method setting on the basis of coal mine profit maximization can ensure construc- tion period. At the same time, it can realize cost and quality objectives and the optimization and balance of relationship among them; rewarding excavation teams by "value contribution" can combine organizational goal with personal goal, it significantly raise the employee's work efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51075140)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.09C407)
文摘This paper investigates the rolling contact fatigue of kiln wheels with respect to the axis line deflection, which is linear with the applied supporting loads on wheels. Fatigue crack initiation criteria for elastic shakedown, plastic shakedown and ratcheting material responses are applied to assess wheels responses with two sets of axial line deflection. The finite element simulations are performed by using the bilinear material mode for nonlinear and kinematic hardening in ANSYS 11.0. By comparing the results from different critera, it is showed that the low-cycle fatigue is the predominated failure. Results from different axial line deflections indicate that the optimum adjustment can greatly enhance the whole life of the supporting structure.
文摘The measurement of customer assets value has become a significant task in the field of marketing. Although a series of achievements have been formed, the deeper research is still needed in the following aspects: how to build parameter estimation model of various variables based on the interaction among customer assets elements and how to get the scientific and available measured data. In order to solve these problems, this paper, based on the characteristics of customer relationship in Business to Business (B to B) enterprise and the analysis of the variable factors in the interactive models will systematically and practically use the seemingly unrelated regression method to construct three main parameters estimation models in the customer assets measurement model, and prove the feasibility of the model through a case study. Research results show that measurement model system constructed by this method solves the problem of interaction and germination among parameters influencing factors. At the same time, factors concentration simplifies data sources to ensure the reliability and objectivity of the data, and thus improve the accuracy and feasibility of the estimation of customer assets value.
文摘In this paper, the growth effect of health in Ghana is examined for the period 1982-2012. Life expectancy at birth is used as proxy for health, and real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) for economic growth. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach to cointegration is used to estimate the short- and long-run effects of health on economic growth. The results show that good health significantly promotes economic growth, both in the short-run and long- run. Development policy should, therefore, aim at raising health sector investment to improve health conditions of the population.