基于空间信息技术的县域生态环境监测与评价

[目的]探究生态环境监测数据精准获取方法,构建生态环境质量评价指标体系,为生态环境精准保护提供科学依据。[方法]基于多源遥感影像数据,利用InVEST模型、裸土植被指数模型、综合指数法等多种模型与方法,从生态系统质量、生态系统服务、生境压力和环境质量4项一级指标及植被覆盖度、固碳能力、道路压力指数、霾指数等14项二级指标分析河北省阜平县生态环境质量。[结果]①生态系统质量一般和较差区分布最广,集中在东部水库区和西部中山、低山区。②生态系统服务较差区面积最大,主要分布在县中部和东部。③生境压力较差区比例最高,以未利用地为主。④环境质量为良的区域在全域均有大面积分布。⑤阜平县生态环境质量整体较好,一般区广泛分布,占总面积的77.04%,主要为耕地、草地和未利用地。[结论]基于空间信息技术与多源遥感数据的生态环境监测与评价方法可以快速、有效地反映县域生态环境质量。

Influential Intensity of Urban Agglomeration on Evolution of Ecoenvironmental Pressure:A Case Study of Changchun,China

In this paper,we study the interactive relationship between the agglomeration of urban elements and the evolution of eco-environmental pressure.We build an index system for evaluating the agglomeration of urban elements and eco-environmental pressure.Using the entropy method and response intensity model,we analyze how urban elements agglomeration influenced eco-environmental pressure in Changchun from 1990 to 2012,eliciting the changing features and influential factors.Ultimately,we conclude there is a significant interactive relationship between the agglomeration of urban elements and the evolution of eco-environmental pressure in Changchun.This is inferred from the degree of this agglomeration in Changchun having increased since 1990,with the degree of eco-environmental pressure first decreasing and then increasing.Alongside this,the impact of urban elements agglomeration on eco-environmental pressure has changed from negative to positive.The main reasons behind this shift are arguably the rapid growth of urban investment and ongoing urbanization.

Analysis of emergy-based metabolic efficiency and environmental pressure on the local coupling and telecoupling between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration

We use emergy-based urban metabolism analysis in this study to investigate the local coupling and telecoupling between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Our analysis encompasses the last 35 years spanning the period between 1980 and 2014. In addition, we analyze urban metabolic efficiency and environmental pressure in these couplings. There are three main conclusions of this study. First, we show that the total metabolic emergy value of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has increased over the last 35 years, and that external elements have replaced internal ones as the leading contributors to urban metabolism in this region. The proportion of metabolic emergy derived from external elements increased from 30.87% in 1980 to 67.43% in 2014. The emergy extroversion ratio has continued to increase over our study period, while the development of this urban agglomeration had become progressively and more heavily reliant on external elements. Second, over the study period, the metabolic emergy intensity of elements of local coupling and telecoupling in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has declined at an accelerating rate, from 1.15×10^(21) Sej/100 million RMB in1980 to 9.69×10^(19) Sej/100 million RMB in 2014. This reflects a continuous increase in the economic efficiency of this area.Correspondingly, emergy use per capita increased from 7.8×10^(15) Sej/person in 1980 to 5.83×10^(16) Sej/person in 2014, suggesting a gradual rise in the level of social welfare in this urban agglomeration. However, we also observed a consistently elevated environmental loading ratio(ELR) in our analysis in terms of metabolism of local coupling and telecoupling elements. This result indicates that environmental pressure has also increased constantly within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Third,our analysis shows that the ELR of metabolic emergy from internal elements increased from 8.30 in 1980 to 43.46 in 2014, while the ratio from external elements increased from 4.15 to 92.03. Thus, we quantitatively investigated the dependency of development within this urban agglomeration on external elements as well as the resultant environmental load. The conclusions of this study provide the basis for quantitative policy-making in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, optimizing economic structures, improving economic efficiency, controlling environmental pollution, and promoting the coordinated development of this region.

OST1 phosphorylates ICE1 to enhance plant cold tolerance

Low temperature is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect plant survival,growth and development.In response to cold stress,hundreds of genes are upor down-regulated in plants[1].The C-repeat binding factor（CBF）regulon is the best-understood cold-responsive transcriptional module[1].In Arabidopsis,there are three CBF genes,i.e.,CBF1,CBF2 and CBF3.They are rapidly.

Eco-engineering approaches for ocean negative carbon emission

The goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the next 30-40 years is approaching worldwide consensus and requires coordinated efforts to combat the increasing threat of climate change.Two main sets of actions have been proposed to address this grand goal.One is to reduce anthropogenic CO2emissions to the atmosphere,and the other is to increase carbon sinks or negative emissions,i.e.,removing CO2from the atmosphere.Here we advocate eco-engineering approaches for ocean negative carbon emission(ONCE),aiming to enhance carbon sinks in the marine environment.An international program is being established to promote coordinated efforts in developing ONCE-relevant strategies and methodologies,taking into consideration ecological/biogeochemical processes and mechanisms related to different forms of carbon(inorganic/organic,biotic/abiotic,particulate/dissolved) for sequestration.We focus on marine ecosystem-based approaches and pay special attention to mechanisms that require transformative research,including those elucidating interactions between the biological pump(BP),the microbial carbon pump(MCP),and microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP).Eutrophic estuaries,hypoxic and anoxic waters,coral reef ecosystems,as well as aquaculture areas are particularly considered in the context of efforts to increase their capacity as carbon sinks.ONCE approaches are thus expected to be beneficial for both carbon sequestration and alleviation of environmental stresses.