小生境遗传算法在孔隙介质反演中的应用研究

为加快寻找地下复杂介质中的油气,针对含单相饱和流体的孔隙介质,综合了等效孔隙介质理论、Radon变换以及小生境遗传算法等,将接收信号与遗传群体相联系,引入了最小二乘原理和小生境迭代,形成了基于等效孔隙介质模型与地震CT技术的小生境多参数反演算法。理论分析与反演结果表明,该方法能够有效避开波动方程求解的复杂性,精度高、求解方便,具有一定的实用价值,能有效解决井间地层成像问题。

Inverting reservoir parameters in a two-phase fractured medium with a niche genetic algorithm

In this paper we calculate a synthetic medium surface displacement response that is consistent with real measurement data by applying the least-square principle and a niche genetic algorithm to the parameters inversion problem of the wave equation in a two-phase medium. We propose a niche genetic multi-parameter （including porosity, solid phase density and fluid phase density） joint inversion algorithm based on a two-phase fractured medium in the BISQ model. We take the two-phase fractured medium of the BISQ model in a two- dimensional half space as an example, and carry out the numerical reservoir parameters inversion. Results show that this method is very convenient for solving the parameters inversion problem for the wave equation in a two-phase medium, and has the advantage of strong noise rejection. Relative to conventional genetic algorithms, the niche genetic algorithm based on a sharing function can not only significantly speed up the convergence, but also improve the inversion precision.

遥感技术在鸟类生态学研究中的应用

获取鸟类活动及生境信息是鸟类生态学研究的基础,而遥感技术弥补了传统野外调查方法的缺陷,提供了获取多种信息的新途径。应用遥感技术的鸟类生态学研究热点从最初的种群行为观察,到栖息地选择,再到生境适宜性、破碎化及人为干扰探究等,随着技术的不断发展也在扩展和变化。不同波段或组合下的遥感技术各有所长。光学遥感应用广泛,尤其是信息量较大的红外波段图像和作为野外鸟巢及物种活动监测常用工具的红外相机;多光谱图像常用于栖息地制图以及地物识别,高空间分辨率的数据甚至可对鸟类种群进行直接计数;高光谱数据则可对光谱特征相似的地物进行更为精确的区分和反演;激光雷达遥感主要用于栖息地植被结构的三维探测,为了解鸟类栖息地选择提供更好的依据。微波遥感在飞鸟探测上应用颇多,近年来多极化数据在复杂栖息地精确制图上也具有优势,但成本较高、解译复杂且推广度较低。在实际应用中,遥感数据时空尺度的选择会影响研究结果,部分遥感反演参数也缺乏生态学意义。多源遥感数据的结合应用能够提升制图分类的精度,实现数据的时空分辨率互补,优化鸟类生态研究所需参数。未来的遥感技术在鸟类生态学中的应用应致力于提供更加明确的光谱信息、相对简便的解译方法,以及更为合理的多源数据组合方式等。