基于淮河中游鱼类不同等级生境保护目标的生态需水

随着社会经济发展,生产生活用水长期挤占生态环境用水,造成河道断流、生境破坏、生态系统恶化等一系列生态环境问题。针对淮河流域目前的水生态环境问题,以淮河中游鱼类为研究对象,通过分析河段天然流量过程,以淮河流域生态恢复为目标,建立鱼类保护目标概念模型,采用IHA及EFC指标体系分析天然流量变化特性,并用HEC-RAS模型基于鱼类生态水力需求确定流量值大小,得出符合天然流量动态变化且满足不同等级生境目标需求的生态需水推荐结果,可为淮河流域水资源优化配置提供依据。

基于小生境多目标粒子群算法的电动汽车传动系统速比动态优化

为获得最佳整车经济性能,在纯电动汽车传动系统速比静态优化的基础上,针对其未对不同速比采用相应的换挡规律的不足,基于换挡点判断规则,提出一种考虑换挡规律变化的传动系统速比动态优化方法;基于轻量化设计原则,提出一种传动系统各挡速比值总和最小的目标函数,采用能避免局部收敛的小生境多目标粒子群算法对目标函数进行ISIGHT-MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真优化。优化结果(包括静态和动态)取得一定的效果:与未考虑换挡规律的优化相比,在不同情况下,整车能耗减少了1.09%~1.35%,传动比值总和降低了8.06%~9.76%;但0-100km/h加速时间增加了1.90%~2.11%,可能与优化目标函数的加权仍偏重于经济性有关。与考虑静态换挡规律优化相比,考虑动态换挡规律优化的结果,传动比值总和的降幅增加了0.95%~1.70%,但整车能耗与考虑静态换挡规律优化结果基本持平,未显示出针对不同传动比采用不同换挡规律进行优化的预期效果,其原因尚待今后进一步深入探究。

考虑成本、排污及风险的微电网运营多目标优化模型

从运营成本、污染物排放及运营风险水平3方面入手,构建智能电网下微电网运营管理多目标优化模型,考虑微电网系统各方面约束,提出采用小生境多目标粒子群优化算法进行求解,并仿真验证模型有效性。结果表明:提出的微电网运营管理多目标优化模型可实现成本、排污及风险多目标的综合考虑,尤其是分布式电源出力波动性对微电网运营的影响,能够有效提升微电网运营管理水平,确保供用电安全。

促进清洁能源消纳的多网联合优化与决策模型

针对我国西南地区,弃电量大、清洁能源消纳受阻的问题,考虑清洁能源外送消纳的方式,本文以互联电网各自运行成本最小为目标,建立了多网联合多目标优化模型。基于小生境多目标粒子群算法对模型进行求解,应用基于熵权法的逼近理想解排序法进行最佳均衡解决策。以云南送广东、广西的“一个送端+两个受端”系统为例进行实例分析,结果表明:小生境多目标粒子群算法求解得到了均匀分布的近似Pareto前沿;基于熵权法的逼近理想解排序法决策得到的最佳均衡解显示,送端电网清洁能源消纳率达到100%,外送通道日利用小时数最大,表明多网联合优化计算能够大大提高清洁能源的消纳能力和外送通道的利用程度。

考虑车辆充电调度机制的电动公交车充电站规划

针对电动公交车充电站的最佳充电容量难以确定及其充电效率低的问题,提出了一种在站址既定情况下考虑车辆充电调度机制的电动公交车充电站优化规划方法。首先,根据电动公交车的发车状态模拟电动公交车日常运行中的电能消耗,生成电动公交车的总运行负荷时序曲线;然后,基于生成的运行负荷时序曲线,构建充电需求度指标,制定电动公交车的充电调度机制;最后,在满足电动公交车充电需求的同时兼顾充电站精细化规划的要求,建立以充电能力最强、投资运行成本最小、光伏能源综合利用指标最大为优化目标的充电站多目标优化规划模型,并采用小生境多目标粒子群优化算法对该模型进行求解,以确定电动公交车充电站的充电桩数量以及光伏发电系统和配电变压器的容量。工程实例分析结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。

Ecosystem health: ecological sustainability target of strategic environment assessment

Strategic environment assessment (SEA) and ecosystem health are two new ideas on environmental management. On the basis of reviewing some relevant literature, this paper made discussions on the ecological sustainability target of SEA, the content of ecosystem health as well as the interrelations between SEA and ecosystem health. For a good SEA, its ecological sustainability principles should be provided with distinct content and a general assessment system. A framework for ecosystem health assessment was established according to the content of ecosystem health, and combined into SEA as SEA抯 ecological sustainability target, we can effectively guide decision-makers to make suitable indigenous means and local solutions. , The basic principles and procedure of SEA for ecosystem health are also discussed in the paper.

Assessment of Land Comprehensive Carrying Capacity in Lin'an City

According to regional characteristics and the actual situation in Lin ’an City, an evaluation index system of land comprehensive carrying capacity composed of three support subsystems （eco-environment, social and economic carrying capaci-ties） containing 22 evaluation indexes was established to evaluate the comprehen-sive carrying capacity of land resource in Lin’an City during 2005-2012. Meanwhile, based on the target data of overal land use plan, the level of land comprehensive carrying capacity was predicted at the end of the plan period （2020） .The results showed that land comprehensive carrying capacity had a significant growth in Lin ’an from 2005 to 2012, and the development trend was basical y sustainable. The sub-systems also had been greatly improved, in which the constant improvement of ec-ological environment carrying capacity made the largest contribution to the constant raising of land comprehensive carrying capacity. The degree of coordination between the systems was poor, in which eco-environment carrying capacity had the maxi-mum growth, far more than the social and economic carrying capacities. According to the land comprehensive carrying capacity in 2020, utilization of land resources in Lin＆#39;an city can achieve sustainable development in general. Final y, proposals of im-proving comprehensive carrying capacity were put forward in terms of the enhance-ment of eco-environment protection, accelerating economic development and policy guidance.

Genotoxicity testing for radon exposure： Dolichopoda （Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae） as potential bio-indicator of confined environments

Radon represents the major source of natural radioactivity in confined environments. Despite the clear evidence of a direct association between residential exposure and human lung cancer provided by case-control studies, results relating indoor exposure and genotoxic/mutagenic effect induction are still contradictory. The present study attempts to estimate the genotoxic effects induced by exposure to radioactive radon in wild cricket populations sampled from caves where varying concentrations of radon are present. Cave crickets are also tested as possible bio-indicator organisms of genotoxic potential of contaminated residential and confined environments. Six caves in Central Italy are considered covering a broad spectrum of radon radioactivity concentration （221-26,000 Bq/m3）. Dolichopoda specimens were sampled from each cave; both haemocytes and brain cells taken from individuals were tested for responsiveness to DNA damage induced by radon through the Comet assay. Specimens from the least radioactive cave, housed in controlled conditions for 60 days before analysis, were used as control group. Statistically significant increase of DNA damage was found in all groups of individuals from each cave, for both cell types. Very low values of all Comet parameters were found in control group individuals, which gave indications of a good responsiveness of the organism to the variable environmental levels of radioactive contamination. Results indicate that cave crickets represent a reliable tool for the detection of genotoxic potential induced by radioactive contamination of confined environments and can be proposed as a possible bio-indicator system for air （-radioactive） pollution related to indoor exposure [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 299-307, 2014].