The environmental risk of chemical spills near coastal zones threatens abundant marine ecological resources. By appraising the ecological damage value of the environmental risk of marine chemical spills, we can facili...The environmental risk of chemical spills near coastal zones threatens abundant marine ecological resources. By appraising the ecological damage value of the environmental risk of marine chemical spills, we can facilitate decision-making for the development of a coastal zone and establishment of economic policy on coastal zone management. In this study, the ecological effect of the environmental risk of a chemical spill in the Haicang chemical industrial park in Xiamen was identified, after which its impact was forecasted and its ecological damage value was assessed. The information generated in this study will be useful in future studies evaluating marine ecological compensation based on environmental risk analysis.展开更多
The 13th Five-year Plan period （2016-2020） is a crucial period for environmental protection in China and represents the last chance for the achievement of the environmental objective under the goal of building a wel...The 13th Five-year Plan period （2016-2020） is a crucial period for environmental protection in China and represents the last chance for the achievement of the environmental objective under the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round manner. During this period of time, China＇ s environment is confronted with the following major risks： risks of environmental quality, human health, ecological security, balanced regional development and international influence. The overall conclusion is that the tendencies of changing eco-environment are complex, problems remain outstanding, and some risks have abated while others have intensified with possible improvements in the future. Future prospects mainly depend on the intensity of actions taken. It is suggested that environmental protection strategy of＂overall optimization＂ be adopted for the 13th Five-year Plan period, i.e. environmental protection requirements should be incorporated into political, economic, social and cultural spheres, so that these areas with major influence on the natural environment will improve and transform towards an environmentally friendly direction and ultimately help achieve the objective of improving eco-environment and people＇s welfare. In order to fundamentally reverse mainstream understanding on environmental protection, it is suggested to define the ＂contradiction between environmental pressures arising from growing economic development and China ＇ s limited and fragile environmental capacity＂ as a major contradiction of Chinese society.展开更多
Large quantities of ballast water discharge from ocean going ships in sea ports of China is one of the important factorswhich cause the spread of aquatic nonindigenous harmful species isolated geographically by waters...Large quantities of ballast water discharge from ocean going ships in sea ports of China is one of the important factorswhich cause the spread of aquatic nonindigenous harmful species isolated geographically by waters,the deteriorating environment of the near-shore water area and the frequent outbreaks of red tides.In this paper,the total amount of the ballast water input estimation model for entry ships in Chinese ports was established.The information of foreign trade shipping and the import and export goods released publicly by the State Department of Transportation and the State General Administration of Customs were investigated.And then,the input features and its ecological environment risk of ballast water in China's offshore entry ships from2007to2012were analyzed based on the established total input amounts of ballast water from entry ships to Chinese sea ports together with the ballast water input ratio of the five major port-groups in China.The results show that:the total ballast water input amounts from entry ships of the five major port-groups in China are extremely imbalanced.The most developed Yangtze River Delta in economy has the biggest total ballast water input amounts,103.61million tons in2012.The second is the Circum-Bohai Sea Region(73.66million tons)and the third is the Pearl River Delta(67.24million tons).The total ballast water input amounts of the northwest and the southwest coastal areas are less,only16.57and5.71million tons respectively.The large quantity of entry ships’ballast water discharge has been an enormous threat to ecological environment of our country's sea areas,especially to economically developed regions.展开更多
As the population ages, older people's health and quality of life are becoming a matter of public concern increasingly. Through review of the literatures and analysis of the reasons for falls in older people, we w...As the population ages, older people's health and quality of life are becoming a matter of public concern increasingly. Through review of the literatures and analysis of the reasons for falls in older people, we worked out some measures to cope with such a situation, provided the self-care knowledge of falls prevention for older people and improved the quality life of older persons. The recovery process is long, if the old people fall down, which brings a lot of inconvenience to individuals and families, and it can also cause a lot of complications. If wary of fall risk factors, the quality of life of older persons can be improved. According to the different conditions of the elderly, we should take effective measures to create suitable living environment for senior citizens, and propagandize the knowledge of the old people's health care, which has the great significance in preventing the elderly's fall, and improving their living quality.展开更多
Since 2000 Chihuahua City has distribution system Waste Water Treatment （WTR）, watering city＇s green areas. The need to cover the growing demand for drinking water has encouraged the use of non-potable water where ...Since 2000 Chihuahua City has distribution system Waste Water Treatment （WTR）, watering city＇s green areas. The need to cover the growing demand for drinking water has encouraged the use of non-potable water where water quality is not an issue despite being used by 10 years ago, it is not known whether nitrogen compounds derived from WTR pose risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, in order to minimize health and environmental risks, this is needed to assess the impact and policy support for water use. The aim of this study is to determine the constitution and the concentration of nitrogen compounds through selection and characterization of park＇s representative. It＇s divided into physical properties and main parameters that affect nitrogen transformations. It was determined that sand was material that allowed more favorable oxidation and reduction of nitrate in soil and atmosphere, opposite of the clay, When used WTR, nitrates, nitrites and ammonia nitrogen were identified in the subsurface and NOx and N20 were identified in the atmosphere. When drinking water was used, none of these compounds was found. However, it was determined that despite having high concentrations of nitrates, the WTR was within the limits allowed by the Mexican standard for the use of WTR in public places.展开更多
Urban ecological risk analysis is a relatively new study field.Rapid industrial modernization and urbanization have significantly improved the living standards of the city.However,as environmental,safety and health is...Urban ecological risk analysis is a relatively new study field.Rapid industrial modernization and urbanization have significantly improved the living standards of the city.However,as environmental,safety and health issues are causing widespread concern,these problems have potential serious threat on ecosystems and human health.So how to solve many problems arising from city has become a key to sustainable development of human civilization.The present article analyzed the major problems that the city confronts and pointed out the main measures from the aspects of urban environment,safety and health.展开更多
China has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades along with dramatic economic growth. Previous studies have shown that urbanization has both positive and negative effects on health. However, there is a lack ...China has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades along with dramatic economic growth. Previous studies have shown that urbanization has both positive and negative effects on health. However, there is a lack of research on the overall effects of urbanization on the epidemic transition of environmental health risks considering various pathways in China. In the present study, we studied the contributions of different aspects of urbanization in China to epidemic transitions using provincial and multi-year （1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010） panel data. Statistical models with fixed and random effects were developed to explore the impacts of different urbanization indicators on the overall epidemic tran- sition of environmental health （general model） and the changes in cause-specific mortality rates of typ- ical diseases （cause-specific models）. The results show that the impacts of non-communicable diseases continue to grow during the urbanization process in China. The ratio of communicable disease-related mortality to non-communicable disease-related mortality continues to decrease over time. The general model shows that the improved medical conditions （coefficient =-0.0011, P= 0.037）, the improved urban infrastructure （e.g., tap water supply） （coefficient = -0.00065, P 〈 0,001）, and the rise in income （coefficient = -0.00027, P = 0.047） during the urbanization process are important factors that promote this overall epidemic transition. The cause-specific models show that the mechanisms behind the general model are complicated. More attention should be paid to non-communicable diseases in urban health management. Specific health policies for different diseases should incorporate the considerations of dif- ferent impact pathwavs of urbanization,展开更多
Atrazine is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds on both agricultural and nonagricultural land,which is equally detected in water supplies beyond safe concentrations.Although the presence of atrazine metaboli...Atrazine is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds on both agricultural and nonagricultural land,which is equally detected in water supplies beyond safe concentrations.Although the presence of atrazine metabolites is an indication of herbicide degradation,some of them still exhibit toxicity,greater water solubility and weaker interaction with soil components than atrazine.Hence,studies with atrazine in the environment are of interest because of its potential to contaminate drinking water sources.Data on atrazine availability for transport,plant uptake,and microbial degradation and mineralization are therefore required to perform more comprehensive and realistic environmental risk assessments of its environmental fate.This review presents an account of the sorption-desorption phenomenon of atrazine on soil and other sorbents by revisiting the several mechanisms of atrazine-sorbent binding reported in the literature.The retention and transport of atrazine in soils;the influence of organic matter on atrazine sorption;the interactions of atrazine with humic substances,atrazine uptake by plants,atrazine bioccumulation and microbial degradation;atrazine transformation in composting environments;and finally atrazine removal by biosorption are discussed.展开更多
Global climate change effects will vary geographically, and effects on estuaries should be independently considered. This review of the impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants aims to s...Global climate change effects will vary geographically, and effects on estuaries should be independently considered. This review of the impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants aims to summarize responses that are specific to estuafine species. Estuarine organisms are uniquely adapted to large fluctuations in temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH, and yet future changes in climate may make them more susceptible to chemical contaminants. Recent research has hig- hlighted the interactive effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors on chemical uptake, metabolism, and organism survival. Assessments have revealed that the nature of the interaction between climate variables and chemical pollution will depend on es- tuarine species and life stage, duration and timing of exposure, prior stressor exposure, and contaminant class. A need for further research to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity under different abiotic conditions and to incorporate climate change factors into toxicity testing was identified. These efforts will improve environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants and manage- ment capabilities under changing climate conditions [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 641-652, 2015].展开更多
基金supported by Marine Science Fund of SOA for Young Scholars (No.2008121)
文摘The environmental risk of chemical spills near coastal zones threatens abundant marine ecological resources. By appraising the ecological damage value of the environmental risk of marine chemical spills, we can facilitate decision-making for the development of a coastal zone and establishment of economic policy on coastal zone management. In this study, the ecological effect of the environmental risk of a chemical spill in the Haicang chemical industrial park in Xiamen was identified, after which its impact was forecasted and its ecological damage value was assessed. The information generated in this study will be useful in future studies evaluating marine ecological compensation based on environmental risk analysis.
文摘The 13th Five-year Plan period （2016-2020） is a crucial period for environmental protection in China and represents the last chance for the achievement of the environmental objective under the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round manner. During this period of time, China＇ s environment is confronted with the following major risks： risks of environmental quality, human health, ecological security, balanced regional development and international influence. The overall conclusion is that the tendencies of changing eco-environment are complex, problems remain outstanding, and some risks have abated while others have intensified with possible improvements in the future. Future prospects mainly depend on the intensity of actions taken. It is suggested that environmental protection strategy of＂overall optimization＂ be adopted for the 13th Five-year Plan period, i.e. environmental protection requirements should be incorporated into political, economic, social and cultural spheres, so that these areas with major influence on the natural environment will improve and transform towards an environmentally friendly direction and ultimately help achieve the objective of improving eco-environment and people＇s welfare. In order to fundamentally reverse mainstream understanding on environmental protection, it is suggested to define the ＂contradiction between environmental pressures arising from growing economic development and China ＇ s limited and fragile environmental capacity＂ as a major contradiction of Chinese society.
文摘Large quantities of ballast water discharge from ocean going ships in sea ports of China is one of the important factorswhich cause the spread of aquatic nonindigenous harmful species isolated geographically by waters,the deteriorating environment of the near-shore water area and the frequent outbreaks of red tides.In this paper,the total amount of the ballast water input estimation model for entry ships in Chinese ports was established.The information of foreign trade shipping and the import and export goods released publicly by the State Department of Transportation and the State General Administration of Customs were investigated.And then,the input features and its ecological environment risk of ballast water in China's offshore entry ships from2007to2012were analyzed based on the established total input amounts of ballast water from entry ships to Chinese sea ports together with the ballast water input ratio of the five major port-groups in China.The results show that:the total ballast water input amounts from entry ships of the five major port-groups in China are extremely imbalanced.The most developed Yangtze River Delta in economy has the biggest total ballast water input amounts,103.61million tons in2012.The second is the Circum-Bohai Sea Region(73.66million tons)and the third is the Pearl River Delta(67.24million tons).The total ballast water input amounts of the northwest and the southwest coastal areas are less,only16.57and5.71million tons respectively.The large quantity of entry ships’ballast water discharge has been an enormous threat to ecological environment of our country's sea areas,especially to economically developed regions.
文摘As the population ages, older people's health and quality of life are becoming a matter of public concern increasingly. Through review of the literatures and analysis of the reasons for falls in older people, we worked out some measures to cope with such a situation, provided the self-care knowledge of falls prevention for older people and improved the quality life of older persons. The recovery process is long, if the old people fall down, which brings a lot of inconvenience to individuals and families, and it can also cause a lot of complications. If wary of fall risk factors, the quality of life of older persons can be improved. According to the different conditions of the elderly, we should take effective measures to create suitable living environment for senior citizens, and propagandize the knowledge of the old people's health care, which has the great significance in preventing the elderly's fall, and improving their living quality.
文摘Since 2000 Chihuahua City has distribution system Waste Water Treatment （WTR）, watering city＇s green areas. The need to cover the growing demand for drinking water has encouraged the use of non-potable water where water quality is not an issue despite being used by 10 years ago, it is not known whether nitrogen compounds derived from WTR pose risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, in order to minimize health and environmental risks, this is needed to assess the impact and policy support for water use. The aim of this study is to determine the constitution and the concentration of nitrogen compounds through selection and characterization of park＇s representative. It＇s divided into physical properties and main parameters that affect nitrogen transformations. It was determined that sand was material that allowed more favorable oxidation and reduction of nitrate in soil and atmosphere, opposite of the clay, When used WTR, nitrates, nitrites and ammonia nitrogen were identified in the subsurface and NOx and N20 were identified in the atmosphere. When drinking water was used, none of these compounds was found. However, it was determined that despite having high concentrations of nitrates, the WTR was within the limits allowed by the Mexican standard for the use of WTR in public places.
文摘Urban ecological risk analysis is a relatively new study field.Rapid industrial modernization and urbanization have significantly improved the living standards of the city.However,as environmental,safety and health issues are causing widespread concern,these problems have potential serious threat on ecosystems and human health.So how to solve many problems arising from city has become a key to sustainable development of human civilization.The present article analyzed the major problems that the city confronts and pointed out the main measures from the aspects of urban environment,safety and health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71433007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0207603)supported by China Scholarship Council(CSC)under the State Scholarship Fund
文摘China has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades along with dramatic economic growth. Previous studies have shown that urbanization has both positive and negative effects on health. However, there is a lack of research on the overall effects of urbanization on the epidemic transition of environmental health risks considering various pathways in China. In the present study, we studied the contributions of different aspects of urbanization in China to epidemic transitions using provincial and multi-year （1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010） panel data. Statistical models with fixed and random effects were developed to explore the impacts of different urbanization indicators on the overall epidemic tran- sition of environmental health （general model） and the changes in cause-specific mortality rates of typ- ical diseases （cause-specific models）. The results show that the impacts of non-communicable diseases continue to grow during the urbanization process in China. The ratio of communicable disease-related mortality to non-communicable disease-related mortality continues to decrease over time. The general model shows that the improved medical conditions （coefficient =-0.0011, P= 0.037）, the improved urban infrastructure （e.g., tap water supply） （coefficient = -0.00065, P 〈 0,001）, and the rise in income （coefficient = -0.00027, P = 0.047） during the urbanization process are important factors that promote this overall epidemic transition. The cause-specific models show that the mechanisms behind the general model are complicated. More attention should be paid to non-communicable diseases in urban health management. Specific health policies for different diseases should incorporate the considerations of dif- ferent impact pathwavs of urbanization,
文摘Atrazine is a widely used herbicide for controlling weeds on both agricultural and nonagricultural land,which is equally detected in water supplies beyond safe concentrations.Although the presence of atrazine metabolites is an indication of herbicide degradation,some of them still exhibit toxicity,greater water solubility and weaker interaction with soil components than atrazine.Hence,studies with atrazine in the environment are of interest because of its potential to contaminate drinking water sources.Data on atrazine availability for transport,plant uptake,and microbial degradation and mineralization are therefore required to perform more comprehensive and realistic environmental risk assessments of its environmental fate.This review presents an account of the sorption-desorption phenomenon of atrazine on soil and other sorbents by revisiting the several mechanisms of atrazine-sorbent binding reported in the literature.The retention and transport of atrazine in soils;the influence of organic matter on atrazine sorption;the interactions of atrazine with humic substances,atrazine uptake by plants,atrazine bioccumulation and microbial degradation;atrazine transformation in composting environments;and finally atrazine removal by biosorption are discussed.
文摘Global climate change effects will vary geographically, and effects on estuaries should be independently considered. This review of the impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants aims to summarize responses that are specific to estuafine species. Estuarine organisms are uniquely adapted to large fluctuations in temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH, and yet future changes in climate may make them more susceptible to chemical contaminants. Recent research has hig- hlighted the interactive effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors on chemical uptake, metabolism, and organism survival. Assessments have revealed that the nature of the interaction between climate variables and chemical pollution will depend on es- tuarine species and life stage, duration and timing of exposure, prior stressor exposure, and contaminant class. A need for further research to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity under different abiotic conditions and to incorporate climate change factors into toxicity testing was identified. These efforts will improve environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants and manage- ment capabilities under changing climate conditions [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 641-652, 2015].
