针对在底层网络可能发生单点和单链路故障情况下的服务功能链(service function chain,SFC)映射问题,提出一种区分等级的可生存SFC映射方法,为提供重要服务的关键SFC预先分配备用资源,为提供普通服务的普通SFC快速重映射失效部分,从而...针对在底层网络可能发生单点和单链路故障情况下的服务功能链(service function chain,SFC)映射问题,提出一种区分等级的可生存SFC映射方法,为提供重要服务的关键SFC预先分配备用资源,为提供普通服务的普通SFC快速重映射失效部分,从而兼顾提高SFC可生存能力和降低底层网络资源开销的需求.首先,在考虑最小化SFC服务时延的条件下,分别为关键SFC和普通SFC的可生存映射问题建立混合整数线性规划模型.其次,提出2种启发式的模型求解算法,其中,面向关键SFC的主备服务路径构建算法采用贪心思想交替进行节点和链路映射,以减小SFC服务时延,并在主备服务路径之间建立桥接路径,以提高路径切换速度和降低路径切换过程的丢包率;面向普通SFC的失效服务路径重建算法引入最大流问题求解失效节点的最佳重映射位置,以提高成功恢复的失效普通SFC数目,并利用改进的Dijkstra最短路径算法选择时延低的重映射路径.最后,在不同网络条件下实验验证了启发式算法的性能,并且在模拟网络环境中所提可生存SFC映射方法能保证SFC的成功运行率在59.2%以上.展开更多
本文在注重提高IP网络服务可生存性的同时,也兼顾了服务可区分性的要求,提出了一种基于客户端的主动服务漂移模型,即CPSM,Client-side Proactive Service Migration model.该模型把服务漂移抽象为一个部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程,用以...本文在注重提高IP网络服务可生存性的同时,也兼顾了服务可区分性的要求,提出了一种基于客户端的主动服务漂移模型,即CPSM,Client-side Proactive Service Migration model.该模型把服务漂移抽象为一个部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程,用以增强服务漂移对动态不确定性网络环境的自适应能力.在信息预报和信任机制的基础上,通过对网络状态的不断观测和分析,CPSM模型可以计算出使客户获益最高的服务漂移策略.展开更多
To work out a solution for answering the question when it is suitable for emergency response strategies to be executed, an emergency algorithm for enhanced survivability of a key service is presented. First, based on ...To work out a solution for answering the question when it is suitable for emergency response strategies to be executed, an emergency algorithm for enhanced survivability of a key service is presented. First, based on the central limit theorem and the hypothesis testing theory, the confidence interval of each key service's history average service response time in the host server and the spare server can be figured out, respectively. This can also be updated dynamically by a proposed method using the method of time slide window. Then, according to the five kinds of distributed situations of the current service response time' s confidence interval in the host server and the spare server, the proposed algorithm can dynamically choose the appropriate emergency policies such as resource reconfiguration, service degradation or service drifting, etc. in fight time. Thus, the key service request can be finished within its expected deadline by users as far as possible. Furthermore, the whole process of dynamic configuration is transparent to users. Finally, simulation tests are performed to prove the feasibility.展开更多
Our ecosystem provides us with essential services, most of which come without a price tag and hence are assumed to be "free gifts of nature" available in plenty. Much of the neoclassical thought and analysis was bas...Our ecosystem provides us with essential services, most of which come without a price tag and hence are assumed to be "free gifts of nature" available in plenty. Much of the neoclassical thought and analysis was based on this assumption until recently. The dynamic rise in population due to rapid industrialisation and urbanization has caused the realisation that ecosystem services are also limited. Environmental degradation is a common term used to describe the loss or impairment of ecosystem services. Migration is often a consequence of environ- mental degradation; when ecosystem services are impaired and survival comes at stake. But is the degradation of essential ecosystem services sufficient to motivate people to relocate? Through a review of literature on migration and environmental degradation, this paper strives to answer the above question along with exploring ways how monitoring the deterioration of the environment on time can spare human inhabitants of any ecosystem the pains of migration in search of better means of survival and sustenance.展开更多
The tradeoffs and optimizations of ecosystem services are the key research fields of ecology and geography.It is necessary to maximize the overall benefit of timber production and carbon storage for forest ecological ...The tradeoffs and optimizations of ecosystem services are the key research fields of ecology and geography.It is necessary to maximize the overall benefit of timber production and carbon storage for forest ecological development in China.We selected the Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem as our study area,and used In VEST model to evaluate timber production and carbon storage quantitatively.The results showed that:(1)While timber production increased with harvesting intensity over the planning horizon,carbon storage decreased.There were tradeoffs between timber production and carbon storage according to the significant negative relationship.(2)While the overall benefit of timber production and carbon storage increased with harvesting intensity,the value of tradeoffs decreased.T1 and T2 scenarios,with harvesting intensity of 10%–20% every 10 years,are the optimum management regimes for the two ecosystem services to gain more benefit and less tradeoffs.(3)The current harvesting intensity in Huitong County was slightly higher than the optimum harvesting intensity.On practical dimension,these findings suggested that obvious objectives are needed to formulate the corresponding countermeasures of tradeoffs,in order to realize the improvement of ecosystem services and the optimization of ecosystem structures.展开更多
文摘针对在底层网络可能发生单点和单链路故障情况下的服务功能链(service function chain,SFC)映射问题,提出一种区分等级的可生存SFC映射方法,为提供重要服务的关键SFC预先分配备用资源,为提供普通服务的普通SFC快速重映射失效部分,从而兼顾提高SFC可生存能力和降低底层网络资源开销的需求.首先,在考虑最小化SFC服务时延的条件下,分别为关键SFC和普通SFC的可生存映射问题建立混合整数线性规划模型.其次,提出2种启发式的模型求解算法,其中,面向关键SFC的主备服务路径构建算法采用贪心思想交替进行节点和链路映射,以减小SFC服务时延,并在主备服务路径之间建立桥接路径,以提高路径切换速度和降低路径切换过程的丢包率;面向普通SFC的失效服务路径重建算法引入最大流问题求解失效节点的最佳重映射位置,以提高成功恢复的失效普通SFC数目,并利用改进的Dijkstra最短路径算法选择时延低的重映射路径.最后,在不同网络条件下实验验证了启发式算法的性能,并且在模拟网络环境中所提可生存SFC映射方法能保证SFC的成功运行率在59.2%以上.
文摘本文在注重提高IP网络服务可生存性的同时,也兼顾了服务可区分性的要求,提出了一种基于客户端的主动服务漂移模型,即CPSM,Client-side Proactive Service Migration model.该模型把服务漂移抽象为一个部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程,用以增强服务漂移对动态不确定性网络环境的自适应能力.在信息预报和信任机制的基础上,通过对网络状态的不断观测和分析,CPSM模型可以计算出使客户获益最高的服务漂移策略.
基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No20050217007)the Weaponry Equipment Foundation of PLA Equipment Ministry (No51416060104CB0101)
文摘To work out a solution for answering the question when it is suitable for emergency response strategies to be executed, an emergency algorithm for enhanced survivability of a key service is presented. First, based on the central limit theorem and the hypothesis testing theory, the confidence interval of each key service's history average service response time in the host server and the spare server can be figured out, respectively. This can also be updated dynamically by a proposed method using the method of time slide window. Then, according to the five kinds of distributed situations of the current service response time' s confidence interval in the host server and the spare server, the proposed algorithm can dynamically choose the appropriate emergency policies such as resource reconfiguration, service degradation or service drifting, etc. in fight time. Thus, the key service request can be finished within its expected deadline by users as far as possible. Furthermore, the whole process of dynamic configuration is transparent to users. Finally, simulation tests are performed to prove the feasibility.
文摘Our ecosystem provides us with essential services, most of which come without a price tag and hence are assumed to be "free gifts of nature" available in plenty. Much of the neoclassical thought and analysis was based on this assumption until recently. The dynamic rise in population due to rapid industrialisation and urbanization has caused the realisation that ecosystem services are also limited. Environmental degradation is a common term used to describe the loss or impairment of ecosystem services. Migration is often a consequence of environ- mental degradation; when ecosystem services are impaired and survival comes at stake. But is the degradation of essential ecosystem services sufficient to motivate people to relocate? Through a review of literature on migration and environmental degradation, this paper strives to answer the above question along with exploring ways how monitoring the deterioration of the environment on time can spare human inhabitants of any ecosystem the pains of migration in search of better means of survival and sustenance.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2015CB452702National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41571098,No.41530749+2 种基金Key Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences,ZDRW-ZS-2016-6-4-4Major Consulting Project of Strategic Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.Y02015003China Clean Development Mechanism Fund Grant Program(Climate Change Risk and Countermeasures in Xinjiang Region)
文摘The tradeoffs and optimizations of ecosystem services are the key research fields of ecology and geography.It is necessary to maximize the overall benefit of timber production and carbon storage for forest ecological development in China.We selected the Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem as our study area,and used In VEST model to evaluate timber production and carbon storage quantitatively.The results showed that:(1)While timber production increased with harvesting intensity over the planning horizon,carbon storage decreased.There were tradeoffs between timber production and carbon storage according to the significant negative relationship.(2)While the overall benefit of timber production and carbon storage increased with harvesting intensity,the value of tradeoffs decreased.T1 and T2 scenarios,with harvesting intensity of 10%–20% every 10 years,are the optimum management regimes for the two ecosystem services to gain more benefit and less tradeoffs.(3)The current harvesting intensity in Huitong County was slightly higher than the optimum harvesting intensity.On practical dimension,these findings suggested that obvious objectives are needed to formulate the corresponding countermeasures of tradeoffs,in order to realize the improvement of ecosystem services and the optimization of ecosystem structures.