The male writers＇ intuitive gift and superb insight describe feminine characters, feminine nature, femaleness, and femininity. In the 19th century, the study of the character logical portrait and cultural traits asso...The male writers＇ intuitive gift and superb insight describe feminine characters, feminine nature, femaleness, and femininity. In the 19th century, the study of the character logical portrait and cultural traits associated with femininity enunciated feminists＇ discourse to justify vindication of rights as regards women＇s cultural anxiety, political identification, and aesthetic experimentation. Similarly, the women writers＇ imaginative powers characterize women＇s emotions either reflecting shrinking subjectivity or elaborating notion of voluntary subjectivity as regards their experiences and existence, their passions and sensations, and their self and life. The 20th century women＇s writings raised inquiry against presentation of gendered self, performance of gender, gender discontent as regards with their sex and gender, which are assigned at birth as well as also for the alignment of biological sex, sexuality, gender identity, and gender roles. In this paper, the study of the four selected novels such as The Scarlet Letter, Tess of the D ＇Urbervilles, Emma, Surfacing, and Inner Line shows how circumstances, strata of time, and externalities of others objectify woman and her domestic space; how a woman perceives her deprivation as regards her own image which seems nobody to herself due to the sense of low perception; in what way sexual difference and gender-specific practices and ideology enforce woman to chide herself in the given environment and surroundings of legal codifications, moral prescriptions, and medical prognostications. The analyses of the novels draw how woman＇s experience as living subject in the vital dimension of human existence and utopian image of human fellowship is potentially undone by way of sexual exploitation, dismemberment, and embodiment. What kind of vulnerable moments force woman to withdraw from her body and fi＇om her essence is the center of concern in this paper？ While discussing the feminists＇ culture and ethics in their works, the focus is on the essentialized notion of gender-specific discrimination as well as on the frustrating double-consciousness that characterizes the cultural position of the other.展开更多
The threat of space debris on spacecraft has increased our attention to the survivability enhancement design of spacecraft. This paper studies the survivability assessment method, which has mainly two parts, namely su...The threat of space debris on spacecraft has increased our attention to the survivability enhancement design of spacecraft. This paper studies the survivability assessment method, which has mainly two parts, namely susceptibility assessment and vulnerability assessment. Our emphasis focuses on how to assess the vulnerability of spacecraft to space debris. The basic vulnerability assessment process includes： （1） the analyses of the threat environment of space debris; （2） the process of identification of critical components of spacecraft, in which a DMECA （damage mode, effects, and criticality analysis） is introduced and an expert system is proposed to get the damage ratio of each component; （3） the spacecraft geometrical description method, in which ＂ shot line scanning method＂ is described to calculate the projected/overlapping area of components and determine the masking/shielding relationship among components; （4） the calculation of spacecraft kill probability and vulnerable area. At last, the authors conclude that the proposed assessment method is systemic and feasible, and it can give a quantitative assessment result of survivability/vulnerability in the spacecraft conceptual design. The theory contained in this paper is useful to develop computerized tool for spacecraft survivability analysis.展开更多
文摘The male writers＇ intuitive gift and superb insight describe feminine characters, feminine nature, femaleness, and femininity. In the 19th century, the study of the character logical portrait and cultural traits associated with femininity enunciated feminists＇ discourse to justify vindication of rights as regards women＇s cultural anxiety, political identification, and aesthetic experimentation. Similarly, the women writers＇ imaginative powers characterize women＇s emotions either reflecting shrinking subjectivity or elaborating notion of voluntary subjectivity as regards their experiences and existence, their passions and sensations, and their self and life. The 20th century women＇s writings raised inquiry against presentation of gendered self, performance of gender, gender discontent as regards with their sex and gender, which are assigned at birth as well as also for the alignment of biological sex, sexuality, gender identity, and gender roles. In this paper, the study of the four selected novels such as The Scarlet Letter, Tess of the D ＇Urbervilles, Emma, Surfacing, and Inner Line shows how circumstances, strata of time, and externalities of others objectify woman and her domestic space; how a woman perceives her deprivation as regards her own image which seems nobody to herself due to the sense of low perception; in what way sexual difference and gender-specific practices and ideology enforce woman to chide herself in the given environment and surroundings of legal codifications, moral prescriptions, and medical prognostications. The analyses of the novels draw how woman＇s experience as living subject in the vital dimension of human existence and utopian image of human fellowship is potentially undone by way of sexual exploitation, dismemberment, and embodiment. What kind of vulnerable moments force woman to withdraw from her body and fi＇om her essence is the center of concern in this paper？ While discussing the feminists＇ culture and ethics in their works, the focus is on the essentialized notion of gender-specific discrimination as well as on the frustrating double-consciousness that characterizes the cultural position of the other.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （10372082） the Aerospace Science Foundation （02B53008） and the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University （CX200301）
文摘The threat of space debris on spacecraft has increased our attention to the survivability enhancement design of spacecraft. This paper studies the survivability assessment method, which has mainly two parts, namely susceptibility assessment and vulnerability assessment. Our emphasis focuses on how to assess the vulnerability of spacecraft to space debris. The basic vulnerability assessment process includes： （1） the analyses of the threat environment of space debris; （2） the process of identification of critical components of spacecraft, in which a DMECA （damage mode, effects, and criticality analysis） is introduced and an expert system is proposed to get the damage ratio of each component; （3） the spacecraft geometrical description method, in which ＂ shot line scanning method＂ is described to calculate the projected/overlapping area of components and determine the masking/shielding relationship among components; （4） the calculation of spacecraft kill probability and vulnerable area. At last, the authors conclude that the proposed assessment method is systemic and feasible, and it can give a quantitative assessment result of survivability/vulnerability in the spacecraft conceptual design. The theory contained in this paper is useful to develop computerized tool for spacecraft survivability analysis.
