Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it ...Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Most patients present with obstructive jaundice, epigastric or back pain, weight loss and anorexia. Despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, the majority of cases are still detected in advanced stages. The only curative treatment for PC remains surgical resection. No more than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis and survival remains quite poor as adjuvant therapies are not very effective. A small percentage of patients with borderline non-resectable PC might benefit from neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy enabling them to undergo resection; however, randomized controlled studies are needed to prove the benefits of this strategy. Patients with unresectable PC benefit from palliative interventions such as biliary decompression and celiac plexus block. Further clinical trials to evaluate new chemo and radiation protocols as well as identification of genetic markers for PC are needed to improve the overall survival of patients affected by PC, as the current overall 5-year survival rate of patients affected by PC is still less than 5%. The aim of this article is to review the most recent high quality literature on this topic.展开更多
We have developed a set of chemometric methods to address two critical issues in quality control of a precious traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dong＇e Ejiao （DEE J）. Based on near infrared （NIR） spectra of m...We have developed a set of chemometric methods to address two critical issues in quality control of a precious traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dong＇e Ejiao （DEE J）. Based on near infrared （NIR） spectra of multiple samples, the genuine manufacturer of DEE J, e.g. Dong＇e Ejiao Co., Ltd., was accurately identified among 21 suppliers by the fingerprint method using Hotelling T2, distance to Model X （DModX）, and similarity match value （SMV） as dis- criminate criteria. Soft independent modeling of the class analogy algorithm led to a misjudgment ratio of 6.2%, suggesting that the fingerprint method is more suitable for manufacturer identification. For another important feature related to clinical efficacy of DEE J, storage time, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） method was applied with a satisfactory misjudgment ratio （15.6%） and individual prediction error around 1 year. Our results demonstrate that NIR spectra comprehensively reflect the essential quality information of DEE J, and with the aid of proper chemometric algorithms, it is able to identify genuine manufacturer and determine accurate storage time. The overall results indicate the promising potential of NIR spectroscopy as an effective quality control tool for DEEJ and other precious TCM products.展开更多
文摘Several advances in genetics, diagnosis and palliation of pancreatic cancer (PC) have occurred in the last decades. A multidisciplinary approach to this disease is therefore recommended. PC is relatively common as it is the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Most patients present with obstructive jaundice, epigastric or back pain, weight loss and anorexia. Despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, the majority of cases are still detected in advanced stages. The only curative treatment for PC remains surgical resection. No more than 20% of patients are candidates for surgery at the time of diagnosis and survival remains quite poor as adjuvant therapies are not very effective. A small percentage of patients with borderline non-resectable PC might benefit from neo-adjuvant chemoradiation therapy enabling them to undergo resection; however, randomized controlled studies are needed to prove the benefits of this strategy. Patients with unresectable PC benefit from palliative interventions such as biliary decompression and celiac plexus block. Further clinical trials to evaluate new chemo and radiation protocols as well as identification of genetic markers for PC are needed to improve the overall survival of patients affected by PC, as the current overall 5-year survival rate of patients affected by PC is still less than 5%. The aim of this article is to review the most recent high quality literature on this topic.
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2011ZX09201-201-10),China
文摘We have developed a set of chemometric methods to address two critical issues in quality control of a precious traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dong＇e Ejiao （DEE J）. Based on near infrared （NIR） spectra of multiple samples, the genuine manufacturer of DEE J, e.g. Dong＇e Ejiao Co., Ltd., was accurately identified among 21 suppliers by the fingerprint method using Hotelling T2, distance to Model X （DModX）, and similarity match value （SMV） as dis- criminate criteria. Soft independent modeling of the class analogy algorithm led to a misjudgment ratio of 6.2%, suggesting that the fingerprint method is more suitable for manufacturer identification. For another important feature related to clinical efficacy of DEE J, storage time, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） method was applied with a satisfactory misjudgment ratio （15.6%） and individual prediction error around 1 year. Our results demonstrate that NIR spectra comprehensively reflect the essential quality information of DEE J, and with the aid of proper chemometric algorithms, it is able to identify genuine manufacturer and determine accurate storage time. The overall results indicate the promising potential of NIR spectroscopy as an effective quality control tool for DEEJ and other precious TCM products.
