基于MaxEnt模型的丹参全球潜在生态适宜产区分析

目的:为丹参科学引种和规范栽培提供参考。方法:查阅全球生物多样性信息网络数据库等并结合实地调研情况,收集文献记载的野生分布区、栽培主产区及历史分布区共697个丹参样点,采用Spearman系数法对35个生态因子进行相关性检验,并结合文献筛选生态因子指标,建立MaxEnt预测模型,采用刀切法中的ROC曲线评价预测模型的准确度,再根据模型计算出丹参在全球范围内的存在概率,进而利用ArcGIS 10.3软件绘制丹参全球范围内的潜在生态适宜产区图。结果:筛选出6个环境因子指标,分别为年均温、最热季均温、最冷季均温、年均降水量、年均日照和年均相对湿度。刀切法分析表明,气温是影响丹参分布的重要生态因子。丹参全球潜在生态适宜产区主要分布在亚洲东部和北美洲中东部等地区,其生态适宜产区面积约为79.16×105km^2。全球范围内适宜丹参种植的国家主要有中国、美国、俄罗斯、日本、韩国、朝鲜等;我国的丹参潜在生态适宜产区主要包括湖南、湖北、河南、江西、山东等地。结论:全球范围内丹参潜在生态适宜产区主要为亚洲东部及北美洲中东部地区,在引种栽培过程中需要注意种植基地的选择及种植温度的调控,以促进高品质丹参药材的生产。

黔桂山地生态区-蜜甜香型产区不同区域中部烤烟主要化学成分的差异分析

为研究黔桂山地生态区-蜜甜香型产区烤烟烟叶的化学成分差异,选取贵州省5个烤烟主产区、5个主栽品种的中桔三(C3F)烟叶的主要化学成分及其衍生的协调性指标进行分析。结果表明,该产区中部烟叶的总糖含量、还原糖含量、糖碱比相对略高,其他指标含量整体较协调,但变异较大;不同品种中部烟叶化学成分差异不显著,而不同地区化学成分存在差异,地区稳定性较差,其中总植物碱含量、糖碱比、氮碱比在不同产地间达极显著性差异水平(P<0.01),黔西南州烟叶化学成分与其他产地烟叶化学成分差异较大。

冶金工业生产区水生态环境保护现状要点探究

水生态环境主要是指外部环境中水因子和全体生物之间彼此影响与水体构成的变化。对于生物而言,最为不可缺少的物质之一就是水,生物与环境之间会持续地存在水分交换作用,因此水生态环境的变化将会直接决定着生物今后的生存与发展。本文以冶金工业生产区水生态环境为核心,分析了其当前的保护情况,并介绍了水生态环境管理工作的主要内容,希望能为工业生产区水生态环保事业的发展提供帮助。

大理特色烟叶与不同生态烟区烤烟香型风格的差异研究

以云南大理生态特色烤烟为重点,采用李章海等提出的烟叶香型指数辅之感官评吸验证方法,研究了生态条件迥异的4个烤烟产区烟叶香型风格及相关香气成分的差异。结果表明,在本研究取样范围内,云南大理烟叶属典型清香型,福建南平烟叶为福建清香型,山东潍坊烟叶属中间香型,河南平顶山烟叶属浓香型。不同产地烟叶香型指数的高低,可能主要受烟叶中茄酮、大马酮、异戊酸、二氢猕猴桃内酯等含量差异的影响。不同产区的生态条件差异是烟叶香型风格差异的决定性因素;年际间的气象条件变化是影响烟叶香型风格的重要因素;不同品种对烟叶香型风格特色差异也有一定作用。

云南烟叶和烟梗钾氯含量差异分析

对云南曲靖、昆明、红河3个典型烟区主栽烤烟品种K326、红花大金元、云烟87的B2F、C3F和X2F等级烟叶及烟梗的钾氯含量进行差异分析,结果表明,云南烟叶、烟梗钾含量均随着生部位的升高呈线性递减趋势,氯含量呈线性递增趋势;烤烟K326品种具有较好的钾素富集能力,红花大金元具有较好的氯富集能力;云南典型烟区烟叶和烟梗钾、氯含量存在明显的区域异质性。总体而言,云南烤烟中上部位烟叶钾含量偏低、氯含量偏高,烟梗可以用于开发高钾型炭基肥。

应用近红外光谱分析云南主要烟叶生产基地之间的烟叶特性

以2010年红塔集团在云南4个烟叶生产基地内收集的中部上等烟叶样品为试验对象,其中玉溪、楚雄、昭通的烤烟品种为K326,大理的烤烟品种为红大,共计烟叶近红外光谱1 276条;应用光谱特征投影及相关分析等方法对不同烤烟生产基地之间烟叶近红外光谱的分析结果表明:将样品随机按2:1划分为分析集与验证集后,其分析集与验证集的一维、二维投影均值的相关系数都达到0.99以上,具有较好的一致性;同时,应用一种相似度计算方法得到了不同基地的烟叶样品光谱之间的相似度值,该相似度值可为烟叶的种植规划、质量管理以及烟草工业企业的原料收购和烟叶配方等提供参考。

Assessment of Climate for Agricultural Suitability and Optimal Allocation of Agricultural Production in the Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province

Based on spatial climatic data of agriculture and the experiment data, the models of agro-ecological assessment of climate for agricultural suitability in this study were developed using the fuzzy mathematical method. Three coefficients, in- cluding the resource coefficient （Cr）, the efficiency coefficient （Ce）, and the utility co- efficient （K）, were used in the models, which were calculated based on temperature, moisture, and sunshine duration data of Guanzhong region, Shaanxi Province. The results indicated that resource coefficient was higher in west of the region than that in east, and higher in south （especially in the Central Shaanxi Plain） than that in the Weibei plateau. The value of Cr changed from 6.5 to 9.2 from north to plain area. Spatial change of efficiency coefficient was obvious, lower in the northeast than in the central plain, and the value of Ce changed from 2.3 to 6.5 from the northeast to the central plain. As for utility coefficient, it was lower in northeastern part of the Weibei plateau and in southern mountain areas than that in the central plain, showing significant latitudinal zonality. Furthermore, the value of K increased from 0.35 to 0.78 from northeast to the central plain, and decreased from 0.78 to 0.53 from the central plain to southern mountain areas. These indicated that climate resource in the central plain region was more abundant and potential, compared with other regions. GuanZhong region was classified into three larger agricultural zones and three small independent zones, according to agro-ecological assessment. Light, heat and water resources should be made use of in an efficient way in spatial allo- cation of agricultural production. For example, water facilities should also be im- proved in Weibei plateau region where highly-qualified fruit should be enhanced and fruit processing industrial chain should be shaped. Large-scale production area of wheat should be increased in central irrigation region and more vegetable bases should be developed around large and medium-scale cities. Thanks for outstanding water conservation function, the three-dimensional agriculture including medicine and other sideline production should be developed in Qinling Mountains and the special- ized commercial agriculture should be accelerated in independent small zones, ac- cording to local conditions. In the research, different crop varieties were developed in corresponding regions as per current eco-climatic conditions.

Regional Division of Production and Development Strategy of Citrus in Hunan Province

[Objective] The aim was to research regional division of citrus production and development strategies in Hunan Province. [Method] According to Rural Statisti- cal Yearbook in Hunan Province during 2002-2011, Citrus in Hunan province were divided into three production regions, namely, superior region, sub-superior and non- superior region. On the base of the divisions, the ecological regionalization and brand strategy, Optimization of regional distribution and developing strategy were proposed, with consideration of avoiding frozen zones, in this paper. [Result] Fresh and processing bases of mandarin orange （C.unshiu Marc）, and specialty industries of seedless ponkan（C.reticulata Blanco）, Bingtang orange （C.sinensis Osbeck Bing- tangcheng）, Dayongjuhuaxinyou （Cgrandis （L.） Osbeck Dayongjuhuaxinyou） and An- jiangxiangyou （C.grandis （L.） Osbeck Anjiangxiangyou） should be constructed, where fresh fruit is dominant, supplemented by canned fruit and juice. Industry belt of sat- suma orange, fresh or processing food, is mainly built, for proportion of early and earlier ripe satsuma orange is over 50% of total yield in Xiangzhong citrus zone; in- dustry belt of excellent fresh navel orange and processing sweet orange should be highlighted in Xiangnan. [Conclusion] The research provides references for decision- making for governments, especially on optimization of citrus production regions and development of citrus industry.

Tourism Development Strategy in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Area from the Perspective of Industrial Cluster

As a regional tourism development strategy, tourism industrial cluster can promote the core competitiveness of tourism industry in advantageous regions and the great-leap-forward development of regions with less-developed tourism industry. The conditions of forming tourism industrial cluster in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Area was analyzed, the development strategies for tourism industry from the perspective of industrial cluster was put forward.

Evaluation on Tourism Ecological Security in Nature Heritage Sites——Case of Kanas Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices' weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security.

Appraisal of the vegetation-based services for cropland ecosystems: a case study of a high-yielding county in North China

As people become increasingly aware of the irreplaceability of ecosystem services, defined as ＂the nataral environmental conditions and effects upon which peopic rely for existence that are formed and maintained by ecosystems and ecological processes＂, more emphasis is being placed on these services＇. In rectent years numerous studies have focused primarily on the sen,ices of natural ecosystems. This paper expands the scope of this field from natural ecosystems to semi-natuval ecosystems, i.e. cropland ecosystems, which are closely associated with human productivity and life. Taking Huantat County in Shandong Province as an example, the vegetation.based services of winter wheat/summer maize rotation systems and carton cropland ecosystems were systematically analyzed, including the material production, carbon dioxide fixation, oxygen release, water conservation, and nutrient recycling. These services were then evaluated in terms of economics through the applications of a market value technique, a substinaion engineering method and a shadow price method. The results indicated that the total economic value of cropland ecosystem vegetation.based services in Huantai County is 124.827.3 ×10^4 yuan. which is equivalent to 15.63% of the GDP of Hnantat County （798, 491 × 10^4 yuan）, Among these services, the gas regulation value is 82.698.3 × 10^4 yuan （66.25%）, the material production value is 38.049.4 × 10^4 yuan （30.48%）, the nutrient cycling value is 3257.3 × 10^4 ynan （2.61%）, and the water conservation value is 822.3 × 10^4 yuan （0.66%）. In addition, through the comparison between winter wheat/summer maize rotation systems and cotton cropland ecosystems, we conclude that the economic value of vegetation-based services provided by the former is much higher than that of the latter, which could provide a scientific guideline for adjusting the agricultural structure, Our study may facilitate the conservation of cropland ecosystems and promote effective use of vegetation-based services to achieve sustainable development of agriculture and guarantee nationwide food security.

An Assessment of Non-timber Forest Products in the Four Ecological Zones of Swaziland as a Basis for Policy and Strategy Development

The aim of the study was to assess the flow and inventory values of non-timber foret products （NTFPs）. The methods used for user surveys included literature research, community consultations, household visits and interviews, household profiles and economic valuation models. Resource surveys incorporated a total often sampling plots （50 m × 50 m） under each landscape area in each study area and economic valuation of standing stock. The findings of the study re-affirm that NTFPs play a crucial role on the provision of subsistence and income to people＇s livelihoods, especially the poor and marginalized communities. Harvesting patterns of NTFPs normally vary within and between communities and villages adjacent to natural forests and woodlands. Increased and uncontrolled harvesting of NTFPs often leads to disappearance of numerous plant species and ultimately forest degradation. The key factors determining the variability in harvested quantities and values per household are： the wealth status, variability of species per site, season and duration of harvesting, commercialization, number of accessible natural woodlands within a site, need and demand, the household profile with regard to gender and age, and farm gate price differences. The study ultimately recommended that government, private sector, NGOs, communities, individuals, all interested and affected parties work together towards matching resource use with resource availability in order to promote sustainable resource use.

Study on productivity of horizontal wells with segmental perforation based on pseudo steady-state flow

Segmental perforation is widely used for horizontal wells. However,the flow of fluid in porous media is a complex problem. Using the Fourier transform,principle of potential superposition,trigonometric function transform,asymptotic analyses,a pressure solution of a pseudo steady-state flow model in 3D circular-boxed media has been established. Comparing with the productivity of vertical wells,an equivalence radius model can be obtained. Based on the model,a method of evaluating the productivity of segmental perforation horizontal well is presented by means of principle of superposition. It shows that the equivalence radius is different for various positions of horizontal wells; the output of both ends of horizontal wells is greater than the others under the same length of perforation interval; it is more important to obtain high productivity by increasing the length of perforation interval than enlarging the spacing between perforation intervals. The result of this research can be used to ascertain the yield of each perforated interval.

数字化为白酒智造新变化

白马山下原始森林腹地,流经两岸竹海,经地下竹根层层过滤,被形象地称为“竹根水”,又称“剐水”,水质清甘甜,富含锶、硒、锌等微量元素,是酿造名优白酒的优质用水。安徽迎驾集团股份有限公司便隐于这山野之间,大别山的生态资源和生态原料,为迎驾贡酒的酿造提供了优越的生态产区环境。

Evaluation of Water Yield and Soil Erosion in the Three-River-Source Region under Different Land-Climate Scenarios

Exploring the water yield and soil conservation in the Three-River-Source region is of great significance for evaluating both the ecological stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Yellow River basin,Yangtze River basin and Lancang River basin and the sustainable development of human society.The data sources for this study were land use/cover data from four phases(2000,2005,2010 and 2015),daily precipitation and temperature datasets,and the 1:1000000 Chinese soil database.These data were combined with vector data,such as data on settlements,roads,and rivers,along with population,economic raster datasets and CCSM4 common climate model prediction results.The Three-River-Source region was taken as the study area,and four land use/cover development scenarios and two climate change scenarios were designed based on the FLUS model and the downscaling correction method.The InVEST model was used to quantitatively simulate the water yield and soil erosion under different scenarios in the study area in 2030.The results showed the following:(1)Under different land use/cover development scenarios,grassland remained the dominant land use/cover type in the Three-River-Source region,and the area ratio was always greater than 67%.(2)Under the RCP4.5 climate scenario,the annual water yield and soil erosion increased by more than 7%and 3.9%,respectively.Under the RCP8.5 climate scenario,the annual water yield and soil erosion decreased by more than 3.3%and 1.3%,respectively.(3)Climate change played a leading role in the changes in water yield and soil erosion.Climate change contributed as much as 89.97%–98.00%to the change in water yield and 60.49%–95.64%to the change in the soil erosion modulus.However,the contribution of land use/cover changes to the change in regional water yield was only 2.00%–10.03%,and the contribution of the soil erosion modulus change was 4.36%–39.91%.Therefore,the land use development strategy in the Three-River-Source region should comprehensively consider issues such as regional development,the input of returning farmland to forest and grassland,and the resulting ecological benefits.