Guangxi Province is a large agricultural province and agricultural eco-environment protection becomes important. The research analyzed major problems of agricultural eco-environment and proposed a series of countermea...Guangxi Province is a large agricultural province and agricultural eco-environment protection becomes important. The research analyzed major problems of agricultural eco-environment and proposed a series of countermeasures to improve Guangxi agricultural eco-environment and provides references for agricultural eco-environment protection in Guangxi and agricultural development.展开更多
Taking provinces as study cases, 15 comprehensive factors, involving natural geography, agricultural production, economic and social information, were formulated to evaluate the agricultural environment in western Chi...Taking provinces as study cases, 15 comprehensive factors, involving natural geography, agricultural production, economic and social information, were formulated to evaluate the agricultural environment in western China by factor analysis method. The results showed that comprehensive scores were distinct among different cases. The score of Sichuan was the highest, that of Chongqing second and that of Guangxi the third. Qinghai got the lowest score, ranking the twelfth. The general environment quality was better in moist southern regions than that in frigid northern regions in the provinces of western China. Therefore, the appropriate eco-environmental construction measures at provincial level should be proposed to increase vegetation coverage, control water and soil loss, and prevent desertification and wind erosion. To develop eco-agriculture is an inevitable selection for environment construction and improvement in western China.展开更多
s: The current status of AEE in Hunan Province is introduced in brief. The reasons why the AEE was polluted and destroyed are analyzed; the countermeasures for improving AEE are brought forward.
Pollution has a considerable effect on biological communities, in terms of size and diversity of the populations. Yet, the precise consequences of human activity on microbial communities in the marine environment are ...Pollution has a considerable effect on biological communities, in terms of size and diversity of the populations. Yet, the precise consequences of human activity on microbial communities in the marine environment are poorly understood. Therefore, in an ongoing collaborative research programme between Heriot-Watt University and the Ocean University of Qingdao, bacteria were isolated in 1999 and 2000 from marine sediment, seawater, seaweed, fish and shellfish, taken from locations in Shandong Province adjacent to Qingdao. Sampling locations were comprised of industrial and aquacultural sites and a clean, control site. In order to analyse microbial diversity, a polyphasic approach was adopted for characterisation of these isolates, specifically through examination of key phenotypic traits, i.e. using Biolog GN MicroPlate TM profiles, bacterial whole cell protein profiles and 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences. These techniques yielded complex taxonomic data, which were subjected to statistical and cluster analyses. The application of these methods to studies of microbial communities is discussed.展开更多
In the northeast region of New Brunswick, the majority of peatlands are mainly used for horticultural purposes. Abandoned peatlands after peat extraction could represent one of the most important ecological resources ...In the northeast region of New Brunswick, the majority of peatlands are mainly used for horticultural purposes. Abandoned peatlands after peat extraction could represent one of the most important ecological resources through their remaining substrates： serving as agronomic, ecological or environmental value-added support to local development; and giving a second economic life to peatlands. To evaluate this innovative peat soil management, a study was conducted on three residual peatlands from the Acadian Peninsula. Their status was described through a physic-chemical characterization. The results suggest that the peat thickness and the mineral horizon characteristics are good indicators to identify these post-harvest peat soils. The studied sites were characterized by a flat topography, poor and unequal drainage inducing a variation of the water table level. The peat thickness ranged from 18 cm to 40 cm, while the thickness of the mineral horizon--mostly sandy--ranged between 20 cm and 30 cm. The chemical properties revealed an electrical conductivity above 50 μS·cm^-1, an acid pH, and a variable cation exchange capacity （1.3 cmolc·kg^-1 to 11.4 cmolc·kg^-1）. This preliminary study gives basic knowledge on Acadian Peninsula abandoned peatlands soils and gives information about the conditions of their agro-economic, ecological and/or environmental management.展开更多
There are some advantages to develop highland characteristic agriculture in Qujing, such as the superior natural conditions and the favorable ecological environment. Some disadvantages are the outdated fundamental fac...There are some advantages to develop highland characteristic agriculture in Qujing, such as the superior natural conditions and the favorable ecological environment. Some disadvantages are the outdated fundamental facilities and the laggard agricultural products breed and variety. This paper has put forward some strategies to develop the highland characteristic agriculture in Qujing, namely, to introduce and cultivate some agriculture industrialization leading enterprises; to import the improved breeds; to improve the quality of highland characteristic agricultural products, etc.展开更多
China kept sustained and rapid economic growth in 30 years, at the same time, bringing a high consumption of resources and greatly damaged ecological environment, so that the resource application and ecological enviro...China kept sustained and rapid economic growth in 30 years, at the same time, bringing a high consumption of resources and greatly damaged ecological environment, so that the resource application and ecological environment which support China ＇ s economic growth are deteriorating, the situation in the vast western region is particularly prominent. Therefore, you must carefully study the new sustainable development model of economic theory under the guidance of scientific concept of development, from the strategic height of a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development and the characterized situation of China＇ s regional economic reality.展开更多
Abuse of chemical fertilizer and pesticide will not only impair the quality of agricultural products,but also damage the agricultural ecological environment.From the perspective of cooperatives’socialized services,th...Abuse of chemical fertilizer and pesticide will not only impair the quality of agricultural products,but also damage the agricultural ecological environment.From the perspective of cooperatives’socialized services,this paper studies agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use behavior,attempting to provide references for the government’s formulation of relevant policies and cooperatives’adjustment of their operation strategies.The survey data of 518 agricultural households in Zigui County and Badong County,Hubei Province,China are used to examine the influence of cooperatives and their socialized services on agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity via propensity score matching.Research reveals that:(1)Joining cooperatives has a significantly negative influence on agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity,and the average treatment effect is-341.505 yuan mu^(-1).(2)Agricultural materials supply services and technical support services can significantly bring down agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity,and the average treatment effect is-225.966 yuan mu^(-1)and-163.580 yuan mu^(-1),respectively.While the influence of agricultural products sale services on chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity is not significant.(3)Grouped investigation is carried out by age,education years and planting scale,and the influence of socialized services on agricultural householders’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity is obviously varied among different groups.The influence of agricultural materials supply services on agricultural households who are elder,with smaller education years and small planting scale is significant;the influence of technical support services on agricultural households who are younger,with higher education years and small planting scale is significant;the influence of agricultural products sale services on agricultural households who are elder is significant.It is necessary to improve the percentage of agricultural households joining cooperatives,increase the supply level of cooperatives’socialized services,and make socialized services of cooperatives more targeted.All this can contribute to further reduction of agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity.展开更多
Agricultural ecosystems are the largest managed ecosystem in the world.The sustainable development of agriculture is significant to the reversion of dramatic loss of biological diversity in the world.Globally Importan...Agricultural ecosystems are the largest managed ecosystem in the world.The sustainable development of agriculture is significant to the reversion of dramatic loss of biological diversity in the world.Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） project launched by Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） of the United Nations is among the global efforts to conserve and dynamically manage the specific agricultural knowledge system and landscapes.Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries （MAFF）,Japan stressed the environmental concern of conventional farming practices in Japan in 1992.Noto Peninsula and Sado City were designated as two new GIAHS pilot sites in Japan as part of local level initiative to preserve the traditional agricultural systems in 2011.This paper reviewed the development process of sustainable farming in Japan and analyzed the challenges and new possibilities to its further extension.The current situation of various sustainable farming practices：such as farming with reduced input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to conserve rich biodiversity,and organic farming,were reviewed.Emphasis was given to the sustainable farming practices in Hokuriku region,in particular,Ishikawa Prefecture and Sado City in Niigata Prefecture.Based on the recent official documents,reports and research papers,policy implication was brought forward.The challenges of sustainable farming practices and market valuation of sustainable farming products were analyzed.It was concluded that the environmental concerns of farmers and consumers are key to extend the sustainable farming practice in Japan.Conversion to bottom up policy making process paying attention to farmers＇interest with involvement of multi stakeholders including government,researchers and private sectors is effective for sustainable farming extension.展开更多
Soil food web structure is fundamental to ecosystem process and function; most studies on soil food web structure have focused on agro-ecosystems under different management practices and natural terrestrial ecosystems...Soil food web structure is fundamental to ecosystem process and function; most studies on soil food web structure have focused on agro-ecosystems under different management practices and natural terrestrial ecosystems,but seldom on greenhouses. This study explored the static and temporal variability of soil food structure in two greenhouses of Shandong Province,North China over a two-year period. The static properties were measured directly by surveying functional group composition and a series of parameters portraying the species properties,link properties,chain properties and omnivory properties of the web,as well as indirectly through calculation of nematode indices,enrichment index(EI),structure index(SI),and channel index(CI). The dynamic variability of greenhouse soil food structure was described by the dynamics of functional groups,Bray-Curtis(BC) similarity and cluster analysis. The results showed that the greenhouse soil food web contained 14 functional groups,with microbes having the highest mean biomass,followed by protozoa. Of the three functional groups of protozoa,flagellates were the dominant group on most sampling dates,amoebae only became the dominant group during the summer,while ciliates were the least prevalent group. All nematodes were assigned into one of the four functional groups,bacterivorous,fungivorous,herbivorous and omnivorous,and the fungivorous nematodes had the lowest mean biomass. Mites were assigned into three functional groups and the omnivorous noncryptostigmatic mites were the dominant group. All the functional groups showed significant seasonal changes. The soil food web connectance was 0.15,the maximum food chain length was 5,and the average food chain length was 3.6. The profiles of the EI and SI showed that the food web was resourcedepleted with minimal structure. The results of CI indicated that the bacterial decomposition pathway was the dominant pathway in the food web of the greenhouse soils studied and the results of BC similarity showed that the soil food web had higher variability and instability over time. The cluster analysis showed that the functional groups located at high trophic levels with low biomass were in a cluster,whereas those at low trophic levels with high biomass were closer. Compared with the food web structure of agroecosystem and natural terrestrial ecosystem soils,the structure of greenhouse soil food web was simple and unstable,which was likely driven by high agricultural intensification,particularly over application of fertilizers.展开更多
基金Supported by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(0708226)Guangxi Distinguished Experts Special Fund~~
文摘Guangxi Province is a large agricultural province and agricultural eco-environment protection becomes important. The research analyzed major problems of agricultural eco-environment and proposed a series of countermeasures to improve Guangxi agricultural eco-environment and provides references for agricultural eco-environment protection in Guangxi and agricultural development.
基金the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCXI-07-03-01).
文摘Taking provinces as study cases, 15 comprehensive factors, involving natural geography, agricultural production, economic and social information, were formulated to evaluate the agricultural environment in western China by factor analysis method. The results showed that comprehensive scores were distinct among different cases. The score of Sichuan was the highest, that of Chongqing second and that of Guangxi the third. Qinghai got the lowest score, ranking the twelfth. The general environment quality was better in moist southern regions than that in frigid northern regions in the provinces of western China. Therefore, the appropriate eco-environmental construction measures at provincial level should be proposed to increase vegetation coverage, control water and soil loss, and prevent desertification and wind erosion. To develop eco-agriculture is an inevitable selection for environment construction and improvement in western China.
文摘s: The current status of AEE in Hunan Province is introduced in brief. The reasons why the AEE was polluted and destroyed are analyzed; the countermeasures for improving AEE are brought forward.
文摘Pollution has a considerable effect on biological communities, in terms of size and diversity of the populations. Yet, the precise consequences of human activity on microbial communities in the marine environment are poorly understood. Therefore, in an ongoing collaborative research programme between Heriot-Watt University and the Ocean University of Qingdao, bacteria were isolated in 1999 and 2000 from marine sediment, seawater, seaweed, fish and shellfish, taken from locations in Shandong Province adjacent to Qingdao. Sampling locations were comprised of industrial and aquacultural sites and a clean, control site. In order to analyse microbial diversity, a polyphasic approach was adopted for characterisation of these isolates, specifically through examination of key phenotypic traits, i.e. using Biolog GN MicroPlate TM profiles, bacterial whole cell protein profiles and 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences. These techniques yielded complex taxonomic data, which were subjected to statistical and cluster analyses. The application of these methods to studies of microbial communities is discussed.
文摘In the northeast region of New Brunswick, the majority of peatlands are mainly used for horticultural purposes. Abandoned peatlands after peat extraction could represent one of the most important ecological resources through their remaining substrates： serving as agronomic, ecological or environmental value-added support to local development; and giving a second economic life to peatlands. To evaluate this innovative peat soil management, a study was conducted on three residual peatlands from the Acadian Peninsula. Their status was described through a physic-chemical characterization. The results suggest that the peat thickness and the mineral horizon characteristics are good indicators to identify these post-harvest peat soils. The studied sites were characterized by a flat topography, poor and unequal drainage inducing a variation of the water table level. The peat thickness ranged from 18 cm to 40 cm, while the thickness of the mineral horizon--mostly sandy--ranged between 20 cm and 30 cm. The chemical properties revealed an electrical conductivity above 50 μS·cm^-1, an acid pH, and a variable cation exchange capacity （1.3 cmolc·kg^-1 to 11.4 cmolc·kg^-1）. This preliminary study gives basic knowledge on Acadian Peninsula abandoned peatlands soils and gives information about the conditions of their agro-economic, ecological and/or environmental management.
文摘There are some advantages to develop highland characteristic agriculture in Qujing, such as the superior natural conditions and the favorable ecological environment. Some disadvantages are the outdated fundamental facilities and the laggard agricultural products breed and variety. This paper has put forward some strategies to develop the highland characteristic agriculture in Qujing, namely, to introduce and cultivate some agriculture industrialization leading enterprises; to import the improved breeds; to improve the quality of highland characteristic agricultural products, etc.
文摘China kept sustained and rapid economic growth in 30 years, at the same time, bringing a high consumption of resources and greatly damaged ecological environment, so that the resource application and ecological environment which support China ＇ s economic growth are deteriorating, the situation in the vast western region is particularly prominent. Therefore, you must carefully study the new sustainable development model of economic theory under the guidance of scientific concept of development, from the strategic height of a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development and the characterized situation of China＇ s regional economic reality.
基金The Australian Research Council(DP180100519)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(72004116)The Openof the Reservoir Resettlement Research Center of Hubei Province University Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Base(2022KFJJ01)。
文摘Abuse of chemical fertilizer and pesticide will not only impair the quality of agricultural products,but also damage the agricultural ecological environment.From the perspective of cooperatives’socialized services,this paper studies agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use behavior,attempting to provide references for the government’s formulation of relevant policies and cooperatives’adjustment of their operation strategies.The survey data of 518 agricultural households in Zigui County and Badong County,Hubei Province,China are used to examine the influence of cooperatives and their socialized services on agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity via propensity score matching.Research reveals that:(1)Joining cooperatives has a significantly negative influence on agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity,and the average treatment effect is-341.505 yuan mu^(-1).(2)Agricultural materials supply services and technical support services can significantly bring down agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity,and the average treatment effect is-225.966 yuan mu^(-1)and-163.580 yuan mu^(-1),respectively.While the influence of agricultural products sale services on chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity is not significant.(3)Grouped investigation is carried out by age,education years and planting scale,and the influence of socialized services on agricultural householders’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity is obviously varied among different groups.The influence of agricultural materials supply services on agricultural households who are elder,with smaller education years and small planting scale is significant;the influence of technical support services on agricultural households who are younger,with higher education years and small planting scale is significant;the influence of agricultural products sale services on agricultural households who are elder is significant.It is necessary to improve the percentage of agricultural households joining cooperatives,increase the supply level of cooperatives’socialized services,and make socialized services of cooperatives more targeted.All this can contribute to further reduction of agricultural households’chemical fertilizer and pesticide use intensity.
文摘Agricultural ecosystems are the largest managed ecosystem in the world.The sustainable development of agriculture is significant to the reversion of dramatic loss of biological diversity in the world.Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） project launched by Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） of the United Nations is among the global efforts to conserve and dynamically manage the specific agricultural knowledge system and landscapes.Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries （MAFF）,Japan stressed the environmental concern of conventional farming practices in Japan in 1992.Noto Peninsula and Sado City were designated as two new GIAHS pilot sites in Japan as part of local level initiative to preserve the traditional agricultural systems in 2011.This paper reviewed the development process of sustainable farming in Japan and analyzed the challenges and new possibilities to its further extension.The current situation of various sustainable farming practices：such as farming with reduced input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to conserve rich biodiversity,and organic farming,were reviewed.Emphasis was given to the sustainable farming practices in Hokuriku region,in particular,Ishikawa Prefecture and Sado City in Niigata Prefecture.Based on the recent official documents,reports and research papers,policy implication was brought forward.The challenges of sustainable farming practices and market valuation of sustainable farming products were analyzed.It was concluded that the environmental concerns of farmers and consumers are key to extend the sustainable farming practice in Japan.Conversion to bottom up policy making process paying attention to farmers＇interest with involvement of multi stakeholders including government,researchers and private sectors is effective for sustainable farming extension.
基金National Key Project for basic research(973)(2009CB421106)Key Program of Knowledge Innovation of CAS(KZCX2-EW-306)China-EU Corporation Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)of China(0813)
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40901116)
文摘Soil food web structure is fundamental to ecosystem process and function; most studies on soil food web structure have focused on agro-ecosystems under different management practices and natural terrestrial ecosystems,but seldom on greenhouses. This study explored the static and temporal variability of soil food structure in two greenhouses of Shandong Province,North China over a two-year period. The static properties were measured directly by surveying functional group composition and a series of parameters portraying the species properties,link properties,chain properties and omnivory properties of the web,as well as indirectly through calculation of nematode indices,enrichment index(EI),structure index(SI),and channel index(CI). The dynamic variability of greenhouse soil food structure was described by the dynamics of functional groups,Bray-Curtis(BC) similarity and cluster analysis. The results showed that the greenhouse soil food web contained 14 functional groups,with microbes having the highest mean biomass,followed by protozoa. Of the three functional groups of protozoa,flagellates were the dominant group on most sampling dates,amoebae only became the dominant group during the summer,while ciliates were the least prevalent group. All nematodes were assigned into one of the four functional groups,bacterivorous,fungivorous,herbivorous and omnivorous,and the fungivorous nematodes had the lowest mean biomass. Mites were assigned into three functional groups and the omnivorous noncryptostigmatic mites were the dominant group. All the functional groups showed significant seasonal changes. The soil food web connectance was 0.15,the maximum food chain length was 5,and the average food chain length was 3.6. The profiles of the EI and SI showed that the food web was resourcedepleted with minimal structure. The results of CI indicated that the bacterial decomposition pathway was the dominant pathway in the food web of the greenhouse soils studied and the results of BC similarity showed that the soil food web had higher variability and instability over time. The cluster analysis showed that the functional groups located at high trophic levels with low biomass were in a cluster,whereas those at low trophic levels with high biomass were closer. Compared with the food web structure of agroecosystem and natural terrestrial ecosystem soils,the structure of greenhouse soil food web was simple and unstable,which was likely driven by high agricultural intensification,particularly over application of fertilizers.
