城市人群关系的生态分层理论研究

文章从社会生态学的角度，通过把城市作为一个生态系统，来研究此背景下的城市人群关系。提出了城市人群关系的生态分层理论，并从城市人群关系中生态位及其价值表现形式、城市人群关系的生态分层和异化、城市人群关系生态分层和变异所导致的后果三方面进行了阐述。

基于社会生态分层视角的中国社会阶层结构分析

改革开放以来,中国社会阶层结构呈现出多元化发展的趋向。从社会生态学的角度来看,社会各阶层间的流动,因其动力机制及方向的不同,分别将产生积极和消极的社会影响。其中,消极的影响将会降低社会效率,妨碍社会公平,甚至出现社会动荡和倒退。因此,构建公正、合理、开放的社会生态环境,培育和发展社会中间层生态位,关注、缩小社会基础层生态位已成为当务之急。

生态环境损害赔偿权利人资格之反思与重构

生态环境损害赔偿制度作为广义的环境公益诉讼制度的重要组成部分,在建立的初始阶段面临诸多挑战。从矛盾内外因双向视角看,该资格的赋予既无法解决地方政府权力扩张的问题,也容易对其他环境诉讼权利主体行使诉权产生阻碍。生态环境损害赔偿权利人资格的设立应当保持与《环境保护法》《民事诉讼法》《行政诉讼法》规定的环境公益诉讼和《民法典》侵权责任编的高度统一,方能使法律与国家政策规定之间不会相互冲突。因此,应以“公共池塘资源”理论为视角,并以环境公益生态分层为补充,构建合作竞争机制下优化配置环境公益类诉讼主体资格资源的制度。

基于生态城市理念下城市规划设计的研究

以前的我们一味地追求经济的发展而忽视了环境的保护,结果使我们自己处在污染的环境中,生态城市建设是社会发展的必然趋势,城市规划建设是我国实行可持续战略的具体表现,科学合理的生态城市规划设计是生态城市成功建设的基础和保障。近年来在进行生态城市建设过程中,我们面临着很多阻力与困难,新问题与新麻烦层出不穷,给我国的生态城市规划建设带来空前的阻力。因此,必须不断完善生态城市的设计,提高生态城市建设践行行动的可行性。促进生态建设与经济建设的结合具有深远的意义。

GIS支持下的小麦区域化苗情遥感监测应用研究

在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）支持下，将处理好的归一化植被指数（ＮＶＩ）图与地形图、土壤质地图、政区图、年降水量图、年平均气温图、小麦生育期积温图等背景图件叠加，进行比较客观的小麦遥感生态分层，并制成常年非麦象元分布底图。在此基础上，根据地面监测网实地调查资料，建立了一套适合不同监测层的遥感监测指标。最后，将剔除常年非麦象元后的ＮＶＩ图与遥感生态区分层图进行集成，采用不同指标划分小麦苗情等级，从而提高了小麦苗情遥感解译精度。

Cell Cycle Kinetic Analysis in the Cortical Regions of the Lentil Primary Root During Germination

Cell cycle kinetic activity in the cortical cells of the lentil (Lens culinaris Me-die. cv. Verte du Puy) primary root during germination was examined both temporally and spatially. Immunohistochemical and cytological evidence indicated that DNA replication and cell division started in the cortical cells of tire lentil primary root after around 13 and 17 h of imbibition, respectively. The first cells in DNA synthesis and the First mitotic figures all appeared in the cortical cells about I mm front the root-cap junction, but these divided cells had synthesized their DNA during the maturity of seed instead of during germination. The kinetic pattern of activity of the first cell cycle showed that these cells were not activated synchronously, but re-entered the cell cycle in turn depending on their places in the root tip, However, the adjacent cells partially synchronously proceeded their cell cycle.

APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS TO ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY OF WETLANDS IN THE JIANGHAN PLAIN

Wetlands in the Jianghan Plain are important components of wetland types in lake area in the middle and lower reaches the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and they fulfill many uses and functions related to hydrology, waste assimilation, ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. Owing to natural factors and human activities, especially excessive reclamation from lakes, the shrinking process of the lakes has been accelerated. Wetland ecosystem has shown the characteristics of vulnerability. According to the analysis of wetland ecological function in the Jianghan Plain, this paper presented an index system related to productivity, stability and environmental capacity. By using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process, we computed the values of the relative weights of the indexes, and evaluated the vulnerability level of the wetland ecosystem by the method of multi-indexes. The case study showed that the fragile extent of wetland ecosystem in the Jianghan Plain is 5.6. This means that the wetland ecosystem in the Jianghan Plain is laid to the state of middle vulnerability. Therefore, the wetland conservation and eco-rehabilitation in the Jianghan Plain should be paid attention to.

The Ecological Distributions of N, P Utilizing Bacteria and Heterotrophic Bacteria in the Moderate Hypoxia Zone of the Changjiang Estuary

The distributions of N utilizing bacteria (denitrifying bacteria and ammonifying bacteria) ,P utilizing bacteria (organic phosphobacteria and inorganic phosphobacteria) and heterotrophic bacteria in the Changjiang Estuary,and the roles of main environmental factors in distributing bacteria,are explored with observations from two cruises in June and August 2006.Comparisons between the two important periods of initial hypoxia phase (June) and developed hypoxia phase (August) show differences in both bacterial distributions and the associated main environmental factors.First,the primary group of ammonifying bacteria has larger magnitude with spatial maximum value in the hypoxic stations related to sediment in August.The phosphobacterial abundance and detection rates in August are much lower than those in June,but the denitrifying bacterial abundance becomes greater in August.However,the difference of heterotrophic bacterial abundance between June and August is not obvious.Second,main environmental factors influencing bacteria vary from initial hypoxia phase to developed hypoxia phase.Two parameters (salinity and NO3) in surface water and five environmental parameters (pH,salinity,PO43,NO3and temperature) in bottom water and surface sediment play major roles in the bacterial abundance in June,while different parameter combinations (salinity and PO43) in surface water and different parameter combinations (DO,DOC,NO3,PO43 and pH) in bottom water and surface sediment play major roles in August.Moreover,the bottom bacteria distributions in area south of 31 N are related to the position of the Taiwan Warm Current in June.The bacterial abundance and distribution may respond to the environmental change in the hypoxia processes of initial phase and developed phase.During the hypoxia processes,the whole structure of bacterial functional groups probably turns to different states,causing the recycling of nutrient regeneration and aggravating hypoxia regionally.

Research on the road landscape evaluation system with the emphasis on the landscape ecology

As the idea of the sustainable development wins support among the people, people have already realized that not only should the road have the transportation function, but we also should consider the rationality of the road construction fi＇om the multiple angles of the landscape ecology, and the visual art and so on. From the point of view of the landscape ecology, combined with the characteristics of the landscape ecology and the overall targets and requirements of the evaluation, this article constructs a three-tier system of indicators, uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the road landscape, and makes an empirical analysis with the evaluation of the road landscape fi＇om the Luoshi Road to the East Lake Road in the Second Loop of Wuhan City as an example.

Evaluating the Ecological Security of Land Resources based on Multi-source Data in the Altay Region of China

As a material carrier contributing to human survival and social sustainable development,the ecological environment is declining in its integrity and overall health.With the rapid development of society and economy,it is currently very necessary to carry out ecological security evaluation research to provide scientific guidance and suggestions for the construction of ecological civilization and the harmonious co-existence between man and nature.Taking Altay region as the research area,this paper collected and integrated regional geological,geographical,cultural,socio-economic,and statistical data,as well as previous research results.Combined with DPSIR and EES framework model,the evaluation index system of land resource ecological security in Altay region was constructed by using the analytic hierarchy process,entropy method and linear weighted summation function method.Using this index system,the evaluation research work was carried out to determine the current state of the security situation and the major threats which should be addressed.(1)The overall ecological security situation of Altay region was relatively safe,while the local ecological security situation was relatively fragile.Among them,the areas with safe and safer ecological environment accounted for 38.72%,while the areas with critically safe status accounted for 30.83%,and the areas with a less safe and unsafe environment accounted for 30.45%.In terms of spatial characteristics,the areas with unsafe ecological environment were mainly distributed in the west and east of the study area,while the areas with good ecological environment were distributed in the north of the study area.(2)Large-scale mining activities,frequent geological disasters,large-scale reclamation and long-term cultivation of arable land,and long-term large-scale grazing activities resulting in the destruction of grassland and vegetation were the main factors leading to the prominent ecological security problems of land resources in the Altay region.Therefore,in the process of the continuous development of the urban economy,we should pay more attention to the harmony between man and nature,and also actively and effectively advocate and implement certain policies and measures,such as returning farmland to forest,returning grazing land to grassland and integrating the mining of mineral resources.

Evaluation of Agricultural Ecological Security in Hubei Province

With the promotion of agricultural ecological civilization construction in China, agricultural ecological security has received increasing attention. How to ensure agricultural ecological security has become a great concern for many scholars. As an important agricultural province in China, Hubei is of great significance to Chinese food security and agricultural sustainable development. This paper aims to establish an index system of agricultural ecological security and security classification of Hubei via Analytic Hierarchy Process and Pressure-State-Response methods. An evaluation of agricultural ecological security in Hubei, with a base of the national average value in 2015, reveals that the security degree has increased by 0.07566 from 0.90150 in 2005 to 0.97716 in 2015. Results show that agricultural ecological security in Hubei has improved but failed to reach the national average and there is still large space for improvement of the security level, considering a trend of deterioration in some indexes, such as per capita water resources, population density, per unit area pesticide load of farmland, forest coverage, grassland degradation rate and average annual precipitation. Influencing factors, especially population spatial distribution, misconduct in agricultural production, insufficient ability in agricultural natural disaster prevention, deficiency of agro-ecological technology of agricultural ecological security in Hubei are analyzed. For improvement of the degree of agricultural ecological security in Hubei, some countermeasures and suggestions are discussed.