As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable devel-opment,the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achiev...As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable devel-opment,the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achievement of regional sustainable development.It is also the final criteria to assess whether sustainable development paradigm is successful.Along with the increasing impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems,the evaluation of regional ecological sustainability has become one of the key issues for research on macro ecology and sustainable development.Based on different unit of indicators,this study firstly groups the evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sus-tainability into three major types:comprehensive index evaluation with dimensionless unit,monetary valuation,and biophysical quantity measurement.We then discuss and compare these types in terms of basic principles,scope of ap-plications,advantages and shortcomings.Finally,drawn on the discussion about characteristics of ecological sustain-ability,we outline the current trend and future directions of regional ecological sustainability evaluation,for instance,transition from sustainable development evaluation to sustainability science,integration of goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches,combination of spatial pattern analysis and ecological sustainability evaluation,and en-hancement of ecological sustainability evaluation at landscape scale.展开更多
The ecological carrying capacity,an important indica- tor to evaluate the sustainable development of the ecosystem, means the potential ability of the natural ecosystem to carry so- cioeconomic development while the e...The ecological carrying capacity,an important indica- tor to evaluate the sustainable development of the ecosystem, means the potential ability of the natural ecosystem to carry so- cioeconomic development while the ecosystem is healthy.It is limited by the carrying capacity of natural resources and environ- ment and the elasticity of the ecosystem.It will be greatly signifi- cant to study the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province, the first ecological province admitted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in China.Not only is the natural eco- system reflected,but also the effects of human activities are em- phasized by integrating the ecosystem health analysis into the ecological carrying capacity research.The research results,using the Factor Analysis tools of software SPSS,indicate that the eco- logical carrying capacity of Hainan Province fluctuated obviously from 1996 to 2005.The level of the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province was relatively high in 1996,and reached into trough from 1997 to 1999.It has steadily ascended to be above the middle level since the 21st century.The results also show that policy factors,especially the implementation of the 'Ecological Province' strategy,were important driving forces to influence the ecological carrying capacity.With the population rapidly increas- ing,the land and water resources per capita have decreased quickly.The amount of the ecological carrying capacity was pro- moted remarkably by socioeconomic development especially economic growth and technology applications.All of these will provide useful suggestions to establish and enact regional devel- opment policies,especially for protecting and reconstructing the ecology and environment of Hainan Province.展开更多
The study on relationship between eco-geographic environment （EGE） and regional development （RD） is of theoretical and practical significance to promote the comprehensive study on nature and human factors and regi...The study on relationship between eco-geographic environment （EGE） and regional development （RD） is of theoretical and practical significance to promote the comprehensive study on nature and human factors and regional coordination development. Based on the evaluation index system and models of EGE and RD, Quadrant Analysis Method （QAM） and the Coordination Degree and Coordinated Development Degree Model （CDCDDM） were applied to studying the relationship between EGE and RD in Xinjiang in this paper. The results show that Xinjiang can be divided into four type regions according to the relationship between EGE and RD, namely high coordination region （HCR）, overloading development region （ODR）, low coordination region （LCR） and potential development region （PDR）. Most areas of Xinjiang belong to LCR which can not bear a larger population and support large-scale economic development. HCR, ODR and PDR, which are mainly distributed in piedmont oases and take basin as unit, should be focused on in the development of Xinjiang. The EGE has great influence on RE）, and there is serious contradiction between them. Relevant suggestions on development strategies were put forward according to the character of different type regions, and the key regions of macro-layout of RD in Xinjiang were pointed out.展开更多
Harmonious regional development poses difficult problems, especially in so far as the harmonious regional development of ecological resources is concerned. China has explored several eco-compensation models, and in ea...Harmonious regional development poses difficult problems, especially in so far as the harmonious regional development of ecological resources is concerned. China has explored several eco-compensation models, and in each province eco-compensation has different characteristics. These methods have had significant impacts. The aim of this paper is first to examine the meaning of ecocompensation and to present a framework for analyzing it. Next the development of eco-compensation in China is examined. Finally, four typical models of eco-compensation are compared: the government financial transfer payment compensation model; the ecological resource exploiters′ payment compensation model; the ecological destruction compensation model; and the ecological resource tax collection compensation model. Each model has its own unique feature and potential to contribute to harmonious regional development.展开更多
Ecological footprint theory and its application achievements in global and regional sustainable development systems are studied by consulting the published literature, which finds that the application of ecological fo...Ecological footprint theory and its application achievements in global and regional sustainable development systems are studied by consulting the published literature, which finds that the application of ecological footprint theory to regional sustainability evaluation has leaded to a perplexity that the indicated result was inconsistent with the philosophy of sustainable development theory. Illuminated by the mechanical system of the movement of matters, it comes up that ecological footprint based on consumption of biologic production could not tell whether the ecological pressure acts on the specified region, and the original ecological footprint theory also undervalued the development impartiality of a region. A modification on this theory is made by introducing consumptive ecological footprint and productive ecological footprint, in which the latter is taken as the indicator of regional sustainability. The development impartiality can be demonstrated by comparison between the global ecological deficit per capita and regional consumptive ecological deficit per capita.展开更多
Restoration forestry （forest rehabilitation） or re-vegetation is one effective measure to solve environmental problems, notably soil erosion. It may be further stimulated by the Clean Development Mechanism for carbo...Restoration forestry （forest rehabilitation） or re-vegetation is one effective measure to solve environmental problems, notably soil erosion. It may be further stimulated by the Clean Development Mechanism for carbon sequestration. However, there is an intensive and on-going debate about the adverse effects arising from afforestation in dryland areas, such as soil drying up which may cause further damage to the success of forest restoration, and the water yield reduction from watershed which may harm the regional development. On other hand, some preliminary studies showed a possibility that these adverse effects may be diminished more or less by properly designing the system structure and spatial distribution of forest/vegetation in a watershed. However, it is urgent to develop an evidence-based and sustainable new forestry policy for harmonizing forest-water interrelation. As a leading country in afforestation, China is beginning to develop a more trans-disciplinary and cross-sectoral forestry policy for harmonizing forestry development with water management. The main points of the changing new forestry policy should include： （1） Establishing a regional development strategy focusing on harmonized forest-water relations; （2） Taking forest-water interactions as an important part of evaluation; （3） Reducing the ＇eco-water＇ quota of forests through technical advancement; （4） Developing and extending water-adaptive forest management practices; （S） Strengthening forest ecohydrological research and decision support ability.展开更多
The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are characterized by complicated topography, seismic active zone, serious soil erosion, fragile eco-environment, low level of economy, and so on. Periphery regions and cent...The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are characterized by complicated topography, seismic active zone, serious soil erosion, fragile eco-environment, low level of economy, and so on. Periphery regions and central regions appear in western Sichuan Province. The socioconomic development in the central regions is at high level, whereas the ethnic areas are generally at lower level. Moreover. the deterioration of the eco-environment has seriously restricted the development of traditional industries in the ethnic areas, and it is necessary to develop environment-friendly and resource-saving industries. The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are rich in tourism resources, and have the potentiality of developing ecotourism. Advantages＇ of tourism resources in the ethnic areas should be made full use of and ＂comprehensive tourism ＂ is the requirement of the characteristics and the status quo of the ethnic areas. The ＂comprehensive tourism development model ＂ has the functions of ecotourism on the key industry. Based on the demands and the interaction among different industries, the model cart accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agrieulture, eco-industry, eco-tertiary industry, and so on. Through implementing the comprehensive tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of ethnic areas, and promote the rapid and sustainable growth of regional economy, and also the harmonious development of economy, environment and society.展开更多
Manufacturing industry is an important symbol which weighs a local economy comprehensive strength and modernized level, and a mighty manufacturing industry is a reliable guarantee which realizes the industry moderniza...Manufacturing industry is an important symbol which weighs a local economy comprehensive strength and modernized level, and a mighty manufacturing industry is a reliable guarantee which realizes the industry modernization. The manufacturing industry in eastern coastal provinces and cities of China, including Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Guangdong, holds a quite high proportion, and is competitive. But as to the interior, the manufacturing industry competitiveness of five provinces and cities actually has obviously gradient difference. The concrete profession＆amp;#39;s competitiveness also has the characteristic respectively. This paper analyzes the competitiveness of manufacturing industry in five provinces and cities by the shift-share analysis, obtains a conclusion that Shandong and Zhejiang have the competitive advantage in the traditional manufacturing industry, that Jiangsu＆amp;#39;s and Guangdong＆amp;#39;s competitiveness lies in capital, technology-intensive industry, but that Shanghai manufacturing industry＆amp;#39;s competitive advantage is not obvious, and then proposes strategy to promote the manufacturing industry in the eastern coastal provinces and cities.展开更多
With the accelerating development of Chinese urbanization and the widening gap between rural and urban areas,urban-rural overall planning is to be an inevitable choice for economic and social development.However,the s...With the accelerating development of Chinese urbanization and the widening gap between rural and urban areas,urban-rural overall planning is to be an inevitable choice for economic and social development.However,the specific patterns and methods in urban-rural overall planning are greatly different.From the persperctive of ecological economy,taking the main physical and biological pattern of the farmland as research objects,this paper analyzes the components and characteristics of farm landscape,the relationship between farm landscape exploitation and rural tourism,and the role of farm landscape exploitation in planning urban and rural development.It expatiates on the pattern,method and principle of farm landscape development.Furthermore,based on the actual development case,this paper explores how to make high-grade tourism products with scientific and reasonable farm landscape development method,how to increase peasant income,how to improve urban and rural ecological economic environment,so as to promote urban-rural overall planning.展开更多
China kept sustained and rapid economic growth in 30 years, at the same time, bringing a high consumption of resources and greatly damaged ecological environment, so that the resource application and ecological enviro...China kept sustained and rapid economic growth in 30 years, at the same time, bringing a high consumption of resources and greatly damaged ecological environment, so that the resource application and ecological environment which support China ＇ s economic growth are deteriorating, the situation in the vast western region is particularly prominent. Therefore, you must carefully study the new sustainable development model of economic theory under the guidance of scientific concept of development, from the strategic height of a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development and the characterized situation of China＇ s regional economic reality.展开更多
Due to the unique function of protected areas in species and nature resources conservation,sustainability has become the primary consideration in the development of ecotourism in protected areas.This paper focuses on ...Due to the unique function of protected areas in species and nature resources conservation,sustainability has become the primary consideration in the development of ecotourism in protected areas.This paper focuses on this issue,and reviews the current literatures in this field,tries to give a comprehensive review which can also be organized in logical sense,classifies three major paradigms about the current research:research on the development of ecotourism in protected areas,research on the external indicators which affect the sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas,researches on the assessment of sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas,and finally points out that the further study in this field must be carried out by inter-disciplines,such as cultural economics and ecological economics.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40635028,40801066)State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology of China (No.2008-KF-04)
文摘As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable devel-opment,the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achievement of regional sustainable development.It is also the final criteria to assess whether sustainable development paradigm is successful.Along with the increasing impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems,the evaluation of regional ecological sustainability has become one of the key issues for research on macro ecology and sustainable development.Based on different unit of indicators,this study firstly groups the evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sus-tainability into three major types:comprehensive index evaluation with dimensionless unit,monetary valuation,and biophysical quantity measurement.We then discuss and compare these types in terms of basic principles,scope of ap-plications,advantages and shortcomings.Finally,drawn on the discussion about characteristics of ecological sustain-ability,we outline the current trend and future directions of regional ecological sustainability evaluation,for instance,transition from sustainable development evaluation to sustainability science,integration of goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches,combination of spatial pattern analysis and ecological sustainability evaluation,and en-hancement of ecological sustainability evaluation at landscape scale.
基金Under the auspices of Mayor Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40635029） ； Knowledge Innovation Project of the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. CXIOG-B02-05）
文摘The ecological carrying capacity,an important indica- tor to evaluate the sustainable development of the ecosystem, means the potential ability of the natural ecosystem to carry so- cioeconomic development while the ecosystem is healthy.It is limited by the carrying capacity of natural resources and environ- ment and the elasticity of the ecosystem.It will be greatly signifi- cant to study the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province, the first ecological province admitted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in China.Not only is the natural eco- system reflected,but also the effects of human activities are em- phasized by integrating the ecosystem health analysis into the ecological carrying capacity research.The research results,using the Factor Analysis tools of software SPSS,indicate that the eco- logical carrying capacity of Hainan Province fluctuated obviously from 1996 to 2005.The level of the ecological carrying capacity of Hainan Province was relatively high in 1996,and reached into trough from 1997 to 1999.It has steadily ascended to be above the middle level since the 21st century.The results also show that policy factors,especially the implementation of the 'Ecological Province' strategy,were important driving forces to influence the ecological carrying capacity.With the population rapidly increas- ing,the land and water resources per capita have decreased quickly.The amount of the ecological carrying capacity was pro- moted remarkably by socioeconomic development especially economic growth and technology applications.All of these will provide useful suggestions to establish and enact regional devel- opment policies,especially for protecting and reconstructing the ecology and environment of Hainan Province.
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-322-5)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 407101009)
文摘The study on relationship between eco-geographic environment （EGE） and regional development （RD） is of theoretical and practical significance to promote the comprehensive study on nature and human factors and regional coordination development. Based on the evaluation index system and models of EGE and RD, Quadrant Analysis Method （QAM） and the Coordination Degree and Coordinated Development Degree Model （CDCDDM） were applied to studying the relationship between EGE and RD in Xinjiang in this paper. The results show that Xinjiang can be divided into four type regions according to the relationship between EGE and RD, namely high coordination region （HCR）, overloading development region （ODR）, low coordination region （LCR） and potential development region （PDR）. Most areas of Xinjiang belong to LCR which can not bear a larger population and support large-scale economic development. HCR, ODR and PDR, which are mainly distributed in piedmont oases and take basin as unit, should be focused on in the development of Xinjiang. The EGE has great influence on RE）, and there is serious contradiction between them. Relevant suggestions on development strategies were put forward according to the character of different type regions, and the key regions of macro-layout of RD in Xinjiang were pointed out.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41125005,41430636)Open Fund Project of Hunan Provincial Key Research Base of Social Sciences for Human Settlements(No.RJ14K04)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2015JJ3179)
文摘Harmonious regional development poses difficult problems, especially in so far as the harmonious regional development of ecological resources is concerned. China has explored several eco-compensation models, and in each province eco-compensation has different characteristics. These methods have had significant impacts. The aim of this paper is first to examine the meaning of ecocompensation and to present a framework for analyzing it. Next the development of eco-compensation in China is examined. Finally, four typical models of eco-compensation are compared: the government financial transfer payment compensation model; the ecological resource exploiters′ payment compensation model; the ecological destruction compensation model; and the ecological resource tax collection compensation model. Each model has its own unique feature and potential to contribute to harmonious regional development.
文摘Ecological footprint theory and its application achievements in global and regional sustainable development systems are studied by consulting the published literature, which finds that the application of ecological footprint theory to regional sustainability evaluation has leaded to a perplexity that the indicated result was inconsistent with the philosophy of sustainable development theory. Illuminated by the mechanical system of the movement of matters, it comes up that ecological footprint based on consumption of biologic production could not tell whether the ecological pressure acts on the specified region, and the original ecological footprint theory also undervalued the development impartiality of a region. A modification on this theory is made by introducing consumptive ecological footprint and productive ecological footprint, in which the latter is taken as the indicator of regional sustainability. The development impartiality can be demonstrated by comparison between the global ecological deficit per capita and regional consumptive ecological deficit per capita.
基金Funding for this work was provided by the research projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40730631, 41071023)the State Forestry Administration of China (200904056, 200904005, 201104005)the Long-term Forest Ecological Research Station of Liupan Mountains,and the Key Laboratory for Forest Ecological Environment of the State Forestry Administration of China
文摘Restoration forestry （forest rehabilitation） or re-vegetation is one effective measure to solve environmental problems, notably soil erosion. It may be further stimulated by the Clean Development Mechanism for carbon sequestration. However, there is an intensive and on-going debate about the adverse effects arising from afforestation in dryland areas, such as soil drying up which may cause further damage to the success of forest restoration, and the water yield reduction from watershed which may harm the regional development. On other hand, some preliminary studies showed a possibility that these adverse effects may be diminished more or less by properly designing the system structure and spatial distribution of forest/vegetation in a watershed. However, it is urgent to develop an evidence-based and sustainable new forestry policy for harmonizing forest-water interrelation. As a leading country in afforestation, China is beginning to develop a more trans-disciplinary and cross-sectoral forestry policy for harmonizing forestry development with water management. The main points of the changing new forestry policy should include： （1） Establishing a regional development strategy focusing on harmonized forest-water relations; （2） Taking forest-water interactions as an important part of evaluation; （3） Reducing the ＇eco-water＇ quota of forests through technical advancement; （4） Developing and extending water-adaptive forest management practices; （S） Strengthening forest ecohydrological research and decision support ability.
基金supported by the Third StageInnovation Project of CAS, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40671062)President Fund Project of Western Development Institute of Sichuan UniversitySouthwest University of Sci-ence and Technology projects (Grant No. 043106).
文摘The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are characterized by complicated topography, seismic active zone, serious soil erosion, fragile eco-environment, low level of economy, and so on. Periphery regions and central regions appear in western Sichuan Province. The socioconomic development in the central regions is at high level, whereas the ethnic areas are generally at lower level. Moreover. the deterioration of the eco-environment has seriously restricted the development of traditional industries in the ethnic areas, and it is necessary to develop environment-friendly and resource-saving industries. The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are rich in tourism resources, and have the potentiality of developing ecotourism. Advantages＇ of tourism resources in the ethnic areas should be made full use of and ＂comprehensive tourism ＂ is the requirement of the characteristics and the status quo of the ethnic areas. The ＂comprehensive tourism development model ＂ has the functions of ecotourism on the key industry. Based on the demands and the interaction among different industries, the model cart accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agrieulture, eco-industry, eco-tertiary industry, and so on. Through implementing the comprehensive tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of ethnic areas, and promote the rapid and sustainable growth of regional economy, and also the harmonious development of economy, environment and society.
文摘Manufacturing industry is an important symbol which weighs a local economy comprehensive strength and modernized level, and a mighty manufacturing industry is a reliable guarantee which realizes the industry modernization. The manufacturing industry in eastern coastal provinces and cities of China, including Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Guangdong, holds a quite high proportion, and is competitive. But as to the interior, the manufacturing industry competitiveness of five provinces and cities actually has obviously gradient difference. The concrete profession＆amp;#39;s competitiveness also has the characteristic respectively. This paper analyzes the competitiveness of manufacturing industry in five provinces and cities by the shift-share analysis, obtains a conclusion that Shandong and Zhejiang have the competitive advantage in the traditional manufacturing industry, that Jiangsu＆amp;#39;s and Guangdong＆amp;#39;s competitiveness lies in capital, technology-intensive industry, but that Shanghai manufacturing industry＆amp;#39;s competitive advantage is not obvious, and then proposes strategy to promote the manufacturing industry in the eastern coastal provinces and cities.
文摘With the accelerating development of Chinese urbanization and the widening gap between rural and urban areas,urban-rural overall planning is to be an inevitable choice for economic and social development.However,the specific patterns and methods in urban-rural overall planning are greatly different.From the persperctive of ecological economy,taking the main physical and biological pattern of the farmland as research objects,this paper analyzes the components and characteristics of farm landscape,the relationship between farm landscape exploitation and rural tourism,and the role of farm landscape exploitation in planning urban and rural development.It expatiates on the pattern,method and principle of farm landscape development.Furthermore,based on the actual development case,this paper explores how to make high-grade tourism products with scientific and reasonable farm landscape development method,how to increase peasant income,how to improve urban and rural ecological economic environment,so as to promote urban-rural overall planning.
文摘China kept sustained and rapid economic growth in 30 years, at the same time, bringing a high consumption of resources and greatly damaged ecological environment, so that the resource application and ecological environment which support China ＇ s economic growth are deteriorating, the situation in the vast western region is particularly prominent. Therefore, you must carefully study the new sustainable development model of economic theory under the guidance of scientific concept of development, from the strategic height of a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development and the characterized situation of China＇ s regional economic reality.
文摘Due to the unique function of protected areas in species and nature resources conservation,sustainability has become the primary consideration in the development of ecotourism in protected areas.This paper focuses on this issue,and reviews the current literatures in this field,tries to give a comprehensive review which can also be organized in logical sense,classifies three major paradigms about the current research:research on the development of ecotourism in protected areas,research on the external indicators which affect the sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas,researches on the assessment of sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas,and finally points out that the further study in this field must be carried out by inter-disciplines,such as cultural economics and ecological economics.
