生态宜居宜业城市的内涵、评价及实践——基于文献综述视角

城市是人类社会发展进步的重要产物,我国“十四五”规划也充分强调了未来持续完善大中城市宜居宜业功能的重要性和紧迫性。围绕生态宜居宜业城市在基本内涵、评价体系及实践路径等关键领域展开文献梳理和回顾,有效归纳生态宜居宜业城市的深刻内涵与特征,明确近年来学界关于生态宜居宜业城市建设的评价指标选择和评价技术运用,归纳生态宜居宜业城市建设的实践模式和对策建议,最终对国内外相关研究进行综合评述,并对未来关于生态宜居宜业城市建设的关键问题和发展趋势等进行展望。

长三角城市群生态宜居宜业水平的时空差异与分布特征

如何在城市群构建生态宜居宜业的城市体系,需要厘清城市群生态宜居宜业建设的现状及其水平的时空差异与分布特征,并据此有针对性和差异性地推进城市群生态宜居宜业建设。以长三角城市群为例,从宜业和生态宜居两个方面构建了生态宜居宜业水平测度指标体系,运用多层次评价和熵权法测度了4省域26市2005—2015年生态宜居宜业水平,运用Moran’s I指数及G指数分析了生态宜居宜业水平的时空差异与分布特征。主要结论与政策建议如下:(1)长三角城市群生态宜居宜业水平不断提高,呈现"东高西低"分布特征,城市间差距正在逐渐缩小,各城市宜业水平逐渐改善,但生态宜居水平有所波动,部分城市生态宜居水平下降明显。(2)长三角城市群生态宜居宜业水平空间关联性呈现增强趋势,2011年后存在显著空间集聚特征,呈现明显的东部、北部"高高集聚"与西部、南部"低低集聚"现象,表明长三角城市群生态宜居宜业发展存在空间溢出效应。(3)G指数分布由零星"点状"分布逐渐集聚呈"块状"分布,说明生态宜居宜业水平冷点区和热点区都具有极强的扩散作用,有持续扩散的趋势。(4)建议长三角城市群在促进宜业的同时要补齐生态宜居建设短板,发挥好南京、杭州、合肥、苏州、宁波等中心城市在生态宜居宜业发展过程中的辐射带动作用,利用好舟山、宣城、池州、湖州、台州等城市生态资源,通过构建大、中、小城市协同发展的共生城市体系,实现宜业与生态宜居协同发展。

京津冀城市群生态宜居宜业协同发展水平的测度

文章研究京津冀城市群宜居宜业协同发展水平和收敛性,运用组合赋权的方法对京津冀城市群生态宜居宜业水平进行测度,构建协同测度模型计算生态宜居宜业协同发展水平,并运用σ收敛和绝对β收敛方法分析京津冀城市群宜居宜业协同发展水平的收敛性。结果显示:京津冀城市群生态宜居宜业水平存在南北不平衡现象;生态宜居宜业协同发展水平虽缓慢上升,但大部分城市相对较弱;生态宜居宜业协同发展水平存在σ收敛趋势和绝对β收敛趋势,依照这一态势,京津冀城市群生态宜居宜业协同发展水平可能会逐步趋于同一发展水平上。

祁连山牧区生态宜居住房营建探索

根据当地高寒牧区和生态宜居住房的建设需求,在充分发挥太阳能自然资源优势的基础上,利用新型建筑材料,引进先进生活设施,从规划选址、建筑设计、结构设计、可再生能源集成设计方面阐述高寒地区生态宜居住房的技术应用。

自然灾害胁迫下的岷江上游生态环境宜居性评价

在传统的环境宜居性因子的基础上引入灾害因子,综合评价了岷江上游6个县市及5个自然流域的生态环境的宜居性。对当前的岷江上游的居民点布局作了简要的分析,结果表明,岷江上游属于宜居性Ⅳ、宜居性Ⅴ的地区分别占12.66%和8.07%,宜居性Ⅱ、宜居性Ⅰ的地区则分别占33.78%和21.23%。6个县市中都江堰市的总体生态环境宜居性最好,属于宜居性Ⅲ、宜居性Ⅳ、宜居性Ⅴ的地区占该县总面积的65.87%,茂县的整体环境宜居性最差,其中宜居性Ⅱ、宜居性Ⅰ的地区占该县总面积的84.06%。寿溪流域在岷江上游流域5个小流域中宜居性最好,杂谷脑河流域的生态环境宜居性最差。岷江上游生态环境宜居性总体上比较差,居民点布局不合理,因此应加强不适宜人居住地区的防灾减灾工作。

亲清政商关系助力地区人才结构优化升级:以深圳市为例

在国家创新驱动发展的战略背景下,全国各地区正在积极布局发展战略性新兴产业,从而对地区的人才队伍和人才结构提出更高的要求。然而,我国的人才结构面临着结构层次偏低、性别比例失衡、区域聚集化显著、产业配置不合理等多个方面的问题,严重阻碍了国家和各地区有效落实创新驱动发展战略。基于此,本文在系统梳理我国人才政策演进过程的基础上,逻辑推演出政商关系亲清化助力地区人才结构优化升级的理论机理,即以法治支持、简政放权、企业党建、反腐倡廉等常见手段构建的亲清政商关系,有利于从政治生态、经济生态、创新生态、文化生态四个维度打造生态宜居宜业城市,提供贯穿人才“引、育、留、用”的全链条服务体系,从而实现城市的人才结构优化升级。然后以深圳市为典型案例,分析其构建亲清政商关系助力地区人才结构优化升级的成功经验和具体举措,同时指出工作中有待进一步优化和提高之处。本文的研究不仅丰富了亲清政商关系经济后果以及地区人才结构优化领域的相关文献,而且能够为国家优化人才队伍建设、攫取发展新动能提供有价值的决策参考。

Research Progress and Thoughts of Habitat Suitability Evaluation of Citrus Based on Niche Theory

[Objective] This study was to overview the research progress and thoughts of habitat suitability evaluation of citrus based on ecological niche theory. [Method] The research progress on habitat suitability evaluation and ecological niche theory to the niche selection of crops were comprehensively analyzed. [Result] The research thoughts of using niche theory to evaluate the habitat suitability of citrus with quality constraint were put forward, including collection and expression of citrus ecological environment and quality factors, interactive response study of the citrus ecological environment and quality, and habitat suitability evaluation and adaptation mechanism study of citrus based on quality constraint. [Conclusion] This study provided references for the development of citrus industrialization.

Evaluation on Wheat Adaptability in Hetao Area,Inner Mongolia

Wheat samples were collected from Hetao Area, Inner Mongolia, and their poisonous, harmful and beneficial elements contents were analyzed. According to the standards for heavy metals in wheat green food, the Hg, Cd, As and Pb contents in the wheat samples collected from Qiantao Area were all below the national standards, indicating that they were green; and the heavy metals contents in the wheat samples collected from Houtao Area were basically in line with the pollutionfree food hygiene standards, indicating that they were not harmful to human body. Harmful elements Cd and Hg were more enriched in the wheat samples from Qiantao Area, but their contents were all lower than the national food standards, indicating that the wheat from Qiantao Area was not harmful to human health. The wheat from Houtao Area was rich in essential trace elements Cu, Zn, Se and K, and long-term consumption was beneficial to human health.

Habitat evaluation for target species following deep-water channel project in the Yangtze River

In order to optimize the design of a 12.5 m deepwater channel project and protect the ecological environment, it is necessary to study the habitat evaluation of species in the engineered area. A coupled eco-hydrodynamic model, which combines a hydrodynamic model （ADCIRC） and a habitat suitability index （HSI） model is developed for target fish （Coilia nasus） and benthos （Corbicula fluminea） in the Yangtze River in order to predict the ecological changes and optimize the regulation scheme. Based on the existing research concerning the characteristics of Coilia nasus and Corbicula fluminea, the relationship between the target species and water environment factors is established. The verification results of tidal level, velocity and biological density show that the proposed coupling model performs well when predicting ecological suitability in the studied region. The results indicate a slight improvement in the potential habitat availability for the two species studied as the natural hydraulic conditions change after the deep-water channel regulation works.

Ecological Regionalization of Suitable Trees, Shrubs and Herbages for Vegetation Restoration in the Farming-Pastoral Zone of Northern China

To provide materials for the selection of plant species for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the farming-pastoral zone in northern China, where the eco-environment has been already deteriorated by over-farming and over-grazing, the suitable trees, shrubs and herbages were examined, screened and identified under the guidance of four principles of taking precedence for ecological conservation, being beneficial to economic production, matching species (trees, shrubs and herbages) with the site, and giving consideration to the integrity of local administrative division. According to the key ecological factors that determine species growth and distribution in the zone, i.e., the lowest daily mean temperature in a year, annual accumulated temperature, and water regimes represented by the moist index, the ratio between annual rainfall and accumulated temperature (>0 degreesC), as well as the soil type influenced by climate, surface substances and landform, the farming-pastoral zone was regionalized into seven parts: ( I) Western Songliao Plain and Da Hinggan Mountain Region; (II) Upper Liaohe River Sandy Region; (III) Mid-Eastern Nei Mongol Plateau and Northwestern Heibei Mountain Region; (IV) Luliang, Taihang and Yanshan Mountain Region; ( V) Ordos Plateau Sandy Region; (VI) Northern Shaanxi to Eastern Gansu Loess Plateau Region; and (VII) Mid Gansu to Eastern Qinghai Plateau Loess Region. And the suitable trees, shrubs and herbages for each region were selected and tabularly introduced in detail.

如果,仍然

时间已经来到2014年的下半年,不知不觉已经是我在省国土资源厅工作的第四个年头了。记得还在江西省国土资源厅工作期间,我去一个县局出差,那时我已确定被湖南省厅录用。县局局长从上世纪八十年代开始就在国土系统工作,席间大家闲聊起我的经历。

GIS-based Ecological Suitability Assessment for Land Use——A Case Study of an Economic Development Zone in Shenyang

Analysis indices of ecological suitability were selected through literature reviewing and expert consultation. Visualization of assessment course was achieved based on different land use functions with the help of ArcGIS9.0 and GIS layers with different properties were overlapped and computed with GIS grids. Hence, the areas were colored and reclassified（colors representing different ecological suitability degrees）. Finally, land use functions can be readjusted by the evaluation results,providing references for rational planning of economic development zones.

河北沽源县全力推进新型城镇化建设

近年来，沽源县紧密结合发展实际，积极破解发展瓶颈，全面提升发展质量，按照省市委要求，加快建设生态宜届之城，全力推进新型城镇化建设。

Ecological Suitability Assessment and Introduction Experiment on Rosa damascena trigintipetala in Sichuan Province, China

This study comprehensively considered the climate, soil, terrain, and land-use type conditions suitable for Rosa damascena trigintipetala and further established an ecological suitability evaluation model of R. damascena triginffpetala in Sichuan Province, China, based on geographic information systems （GIS） and Agro-Ecological Zone （AEZ） models; then we assessed the different ecological suitability grades for this species in Sichuan Province of China and summarized the suitable land areas and spatial distribution pattern for R. damascena trigintipetala. The results show that the suitable areas （which contain highly suitable, generally suitable, and critically suitable areas） for R. damascena trigintipetala are 307.268×lO4 hm^2, which accounts for 6.34% of the total provincial area. Results also indicate that shrub land and open forest land are the major land-use types suitable for R. damascena trigintipetala, with the suitable areas of 303.162×lO4 hm2 （6.25% of the total provincial area）. An introduction test was conducted in one of the suitable areas, Xichang City, which demonstrated that R. damascena trigintipetala grows well at theexperimental sites. The quality of rose oil extracted from R. damascena trigintipetala planted in Xichang meets the Bulgaria Rose Oil Standard, thus verifying the accuracy and reliability of the ecological suitability assessment results.

Ecological suitability evaluation for urban growth boundary in red soil hilly areas based on fuzzy theory

The fuzziness exists in spatial distribution of geographic data of land suitability evaluation processes,which makes it difficult to quantify land boundaries by using traditional binary logic-based overlay model.Aiming at this limitation,an ecological suitability evaluation analysis model was presented based on fuzzy theory and a research on urban growth boundary(UGB) of the Great-Hexi Leading District(GHLD) of Changsha was conducted.With the support of GIS,RS and MATLAB,slope,elevation,vegetation,soil productivity,soil permeability,water body and land use are selected as the input of model according to the characteristic properties of soil and terrain in red soil hilly areas.The running result of this model indicates that the ratios of highly suitable land,suitable land,moderately suitable land and unsuitable land in GHLD are 18.75%,10.31%,64.16%,6.78%,respectively.This result accords with spatial structure worked out by Space Development Strategy Planning of GHLD,Based on this result,several suggestions are made to guide UGB developments in future.

Assessment of Habitat Suitability in the Upper Reaches of the Min River in China

HabRat richness influences and even determines biological diversity. Plant habitat suitability assessment can provide technical guidance and information support for ecological restoration. Thirteen factors in three categories of terrain, meteorology and soil were chosen to build a habitat suitability assessment index framework in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, based on the local natural environment and the actual influencing factors of vegetative growth. Combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and entropy method, which were used to calculate weights of indexes, habitat suitability was studied by using a multi-objective linear weighting model and geographic information systems （GIS） spatial analysis techniques. The assessment results are as follows： Altitude, soil stability, aspect and slope have more important effects on plant habitat suitability in the Upper Reaches of the Min River, and their weights are o.311, 0.260, o.198 and o.125, respectively. Suitable and sub-suitable habitats cover 4431.8o km2 and 6171.12 km2, respectively; most of which are distributed along both sides of rivers and have higher suitability. Unsuitable habitats cover the largest area （6679.76 km2）, accounting for 29.83% of the whole area; and the worst unsuitable habitats are 5107.23 km2 （22.81%）; they account for more than half of the study area. These results indicate that the plant habitat in the Upper Reaches of the Min River is poor and ecological restoration is both urgent and difficult. Therefore, based on the principle of taking measures suitable to the habitat in ecological restoration projects, ecological and engineering measures should be combined to have better effects, while increasing the strength of ecological protection.

怀来县未利用地多目标开发适宜性研究

城市发展的需要与土地资源的稀缺导致用地矛盾不断激化。未利用地资源作为补充土地利用的重要后备资源,其合理的开发利用成为解决这一问题的关键。为更好地引导未利用地资源的科学合理利用,文章以河北省怀来县为例,以Arc GIS空间分析技术与空间叠加功能为支撑,将shefold限制性定律与综合指数法相结合,评价了未利用地资源开发的单宜性与多宜性研究,结合未利用地资源的不同利用目标,对其多目标开发利用方式进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)宜农、宜建、宜生态未利用地资源面积分别为14119.20 hm^2、22075.88 hm^2、13505.13 hm^2,占研究区未利用地面积的比例分别为24.70%、38.62%、23.63%;(2)综合来看,单宜区面积为26700.88 hm^2,多宜区面积14288.13 hm^2。为体现未利用地多宜区利用的弹性空间,文章设计了经济效益型、社会效益型、生态效益型三种利用方式,对比分析了不同利用目标下各类用地面积的差异,且shefold限制性定律与综合指数法相结合能够提高评价结果的准确性,为怀来县未利用地资源的合理开发利用提供参考依据。

金湖县创新村庄环境整治,助推生态县创建

为扎实开展好2012年村庄环境整治工作,金湖县创新村庄环境综合整治内容,统筹新农村建设各种要素,确保村庄建筑规划设计有特色,村庄有绿化、美化和亮化,确保河道清洁,垃圾得到处理,达到无杂草丛生,无乱堆乱放,无臭沟水塘,无露天厕所。金湖县把村庄整治重点放在331省道、332省道、淮金线、金铜线、金卞线、金闵线。

China's Sloping Land Conversion Program at the Beginning of 21st Century and Its Habitat Suitability in Typical Region of Loess Plateau

自1999年我国开始试行以"退耕还林"工程为主的生态退耕以来,到目前已历时十年。特别是进入21世纪,工程实施强度较大,因此从国家尺度上进行宏观生态退耕格局的分析对于评估生态退耕政策和确定未来政策导向具有重要意义。本研究以TM遥感监测的土地利用变化数据库为基础分析2000-2005年生态退耕的时空格局。在此基础上,以黄土高原典型地区陕西中北部为研究区,采用生态位适宜度评价模型探讨了生态退耕工程实施的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)2000-2005年间,生态退耕主要集中在中国中部地区,尤其是在黄河和长江的中上游地区,生态退耕面积与建设占用面积基本持平。在各生态类型区中,黄土高原土壤侵蚀区生态退耕面积最大,达到了1162.50km^2,主要用于还林;(2)整体看来,研究区内生态退耕的空间格局是合理的,即适宜性越差的耕地退耕比例越大。从退耕区域的适宜性水平来看,有77.35%的地区属于勉强适宜区,其中退为林地的面积为603.32km^2,退为草地的面积为528.94km^2。整个研究区内前者大于后者。然而,退耕地中仍有19.38%属于中度适宜区,原因可能来自于退耕指标分配等管理因素,另外,当地农民外出务工从而将中等适宜度的耕地退耕。结果表明,当前仍有大面积不适宜和勉强适宜的耕地存在,在未来工程实施过程区应该首先考虑该类地区。

Identifying and Mapping Wetland-based Ecotourism Areas in the First Meander of the Yellow River:Incorporating Tourist Preferences

We identified and mapped ecotourism areas in the First Meander of the Yellow River （FMYR） by incorporating tourist preferences, and regional division was also conducted. Considering wetland protection and local natural worship, we identiifed available ecotourism areas and used GIS to overlay six layers of the criteria to generate a suitability map of available areas. This process incorporated the opinions of 158 tourists to weight each criterion. Available areas were classiifed into ifve levels of suitability, with class I being the least suitable for ecotourism and class V being the most suitable. Distance from water area was found to be the most important criterion, and presence of forest to be the least important. The results show that a majority of the FMYR is class Ⅱ, Ⅲ or Ⅳ. FMYR was further divided into ifve sub-regions, and it is clear that the particular ecological characteristics and service functions of each sub-region warrant particular development. This study provides useful insights for tourism planners, local managers and visitors.