食用菌生产促进园林生态循环研究概述

园林绿化面积的不断增加导致园林废弃物体量与日俱增,寻找高效地处理“绿废”的办法,从而推动园林生态循环成为当务之急。食用菌在园林物质循环中发挥着重要作用,在分解利用园林废弃物的同时产生一定的经济效益、生态效益、社会效益。通过对园林废弃物利用现状、不同园林废弃物栽培食用菌及菌糠二次利用的研究进行综述,分析林下栽培食用菌的益处,并对食用菌生产与园林发展结合进行展望,探讨食用菌对构筑园林生态循环系统的重大作用。

种养循环对番茄生长的影响

为了提高番茄品质、降低化学肥料用量、促进番茄生态循环生产,探索了养殖蚯蚓后茬种植番茄的栽培方式对番茄生长发育、产量和果实品质等性状的影响。试验结果表明,蚯蚓养殖后种植番茄,一方面可以促进番茄植株营养生长、坐花坐果并提高果实品质;另一方面,可以抑制番茄土传病害的发生,使枯萎病发病率降低69.78%,减少化学农药使用,实现生态循环生产。

Review of study on mineralization, saturation and cycle of Nitrogen in forest ecosystems

Nitrogen is one of the most important elements that can limit plant growth in forest ecosystems. Studies of nitrogen mineralization, nitrogen saturation and nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems is very necessary for understanding the productivity of stand, nutrient cycle and turnover of nitrogen of forest ecosystems. Based on comparison and analysis of domestic and in-ternational academic references related to studies on nitrogen mineralization, nitrogen saturation and nitrogen cycle in recent 10 years, the current situation and development of the study on these aspects, and the problems existed in current researches were reviewed. At last, some advices were given for future researches.

Relationship between ecological economics and circular economy,eco-industry,cleaner production,and other relevant categories

Eco-industry, circular economy, cleaner production, industrial ecology or industrial ecosystem and other subjects are all categories related to sustainable developinent. This paper studies the relations and differences between the four categories and sustainable development as well as ecological economics. Circular economy, eco-industry, industrial ecosystem and cleaner production were put forward during the revolution in “end treatment pattern” of traditional industrial society. Industrial ecology, eco-industry and circular economy theory are three content expansions of cleaner production. Ecological economics is of instructive function theoretically and methodologically for circular economy, eco-industrial, cleaner production and industrial ecology. Circular economy theory is easier to be accepted, compared with ecological economics theory. And circular economy in nature is the complete application of ecological economics theory.

From Less or No Waste Manufacturing and Cleaner Production to Recycle Economy -- A Review on the Theoretical Research and Practice of Ecological Enterprises in China

Based on systematical research on the conception evolution of ecological enterprise, theoretical and practical development of constructing ecological enterprise, the paper makes conclusion that ecological enter- prises are developing into a new stage in which governments are launching some pilot projects about construct- ing ecological enterprises. And after that, governments should make policies to spread construction of ecological enterprises, to construct ecological enterprises in legal system and conforming to the standard as soon as possibly. So that, the basic units of ecological economy that fit to the conditions of China will be set up.

Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling with IBIS:Progress and Future Vision

Dynamic Global Vegetation Models(DGVM)are powerful tools for studying complicated ecosystem processes and global changes.This review article synthesizes the developments and applications of the Integrated Biosphere Simulator(IBIS),a DGVM,over the past two decades.IBIS has been used to evaluate carbon,nitrogen,and water cycling in terrestrial ecosystems,vegetation changes,land-atmosphere interactions,land-aquatic system integration,and climate change impacts.Here we summarize model development work since IBIS v2.5,covering hydrology(evapotranspiration,groundwater,lateral routing),vegetation dynamics(plant functional type,land cover change),plant physiology(phenology,photosynthesis,carbon allocation,growth),biogeochemistry(soil carbon and nitrogen processes,greenhouse gas emissions),impacts of natural disturbances(drought,insect damage,fire)and human induced land use changes,and computational improvements.We also summarize IBIS model applications around the world in evaluating ecosystem productivity,carbon and water budgets,water use efficiency,natural disturbance effects,and impacts of climate change and land use change on the carbon cycle.Based on this review,visions of future cross-scale,cross-landscape and cross-system model development and applications are discussed.

A significant carbon sink in temperate forests in Beijing: based on 20-year field measurements in three stands

Numerous efforts have been made to characterize forest carbon （C） cycles and stocks in various ecosystems. However, long-term observation on each component of the forest C cycle is still lacking. We measured C stocks and fluxes in three per- manent temperate forest plots （birch, oak and pine forest） during 2011-2014, and calculated the changes of the components of the C cycle related to the measurements during 1992-1994 at Mr. Dongling, Beijing, China. Forest net primary production in birch, oak, and pine plots was 5.32, 4.53, and 6.73 Mg C ha-1 a-1, respectively. Corresponding net ecosystem production was 0.12, 0.43, and 3.53 Mg C ha-1 a-1. The C stocks and fluxes in 2011-2014 were significantly larger than those in 1992-1994 in which the biomass C densities in birch, oak, and pine plots increased from 50.0, 37.7, and 54.0 Mg C ha-1 in 1994 to 101.5, 77.3, and 110.9 Mg C ha a in 2014; soil organic C densities increased from 207.0, 239.1, and 231.7 Mg C ha-1 to 214.8, 241.7, and 238.4 Mg C ha-l; and soil heterotrophic respiration increased from 2.78, 3.49, and 1.81 Mg C ha-1 a-1 to 5.20, 4.10, and 3.20 Mg C ha-1 a-l. These results suggest that the mountainous temperate forest ecosystems in Beijing have served as a carbon sink in the last two decades. These observations of C stocks and fluxes provided field-based data for a long-term study of C cycling in temperate forest ecosystems.