论费孝通《初访美国》的生态性特征

从叙述上来说,《初访美国》前后呼应,环环相扣,是一个有机的整体;从思想内涵看,费孝通对很多问题的思考已经涉及到生态反思的根本立场,这都使得《初访美国》这一文本具有了浓厚的生态性特征。此外,自然观照在文本中的缺席既与现代域外游记的现代化启蒙使命相关,又与创作主体的内在心理相联,这并不妨碍论文对《初访美国》一书生态性特征的探讨。

生态语言学视域下饭圈用语研究

饭圈用语是产生于网络社会、主要使用者是粉丝群体的一种新兴社会方言,是汉语生态系统的重要组成部分。从生态语言学的角度,分析饭圈用语的内外部生态环境及其对环境的影响有助于了解其具有层级性、进化性、多样性的生态性特征,进一步构建和谐健康的饭圈生态系统,促进饭圈用语的健康发展。

传统营建体系中生态与场所性要素的耦合关系研究--以青岛市青山村为例

针对传统聚落在发展中出现的人地关系理性认知不足,重技术、轻文脉的现状问题,文章通过对传统营建体系的形成路径及发展机制分析,从传统聚落空间的生态及场所性特征入手,引入系统耦合理论,浅析二者间的协同因素及作用形式,为传统营建体系在当代可持续发展语境下的传承与转译提供方法性思路。

生态语言学视角下疫情宣传标语研究

从生态语言学的角度对疫情宣传标语进行分析,其内部生态环境系统在语音上节奏鲜明,词汇的运用上新词热词高频出现,句式上整句散句交错使用,语义上意义明确;在外部生态环境系统受到社会因素、文化因素以及心理因素的影响;在生态性特征上表现为进化性、和谐性和多样性。

Denitrifying Bacteria in Paddy Soils of the Taihu Lake Basin,China

This study attempted to determine the characteristics of the communities, the ecological factors, and the denitrifying enzyme activity for denitrifying bacteria found in the paddy soils of the Taihu Lake Basin, China. Samples of the six main soil types of the basin were taken from paddy fields with different fertilities. The total numbers of bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the high fertility soils were much more than those in low fertility soils, and the number of denitrifying bacteria accounted for 49% to 80% of the total number of bacteria. The O2 content was an important ecological factor that affected denitrification. Of test the strains isolated from the paddy soils in the Taihu Lake Basin, some (e.g., Pseudomonas spp.) grew well under low oxygen partial pressure, while others (e.g., Bacillus spp.) had no strict predilection with O2 content. Another critical ecological factor was the nitrogen concentration. Three selected denitrifying bacteria grew better in aculture medium with 135 instead of 276mg L^-1 nitrogen. At the same time 67% of the test strains were able to reduce NO3^- to NO2^- and 56% had N2O reductase.

Study on the sex-related AFLP marker of the Yangtze finless porpoise

The sex-related molecular marker of the Yangtze finless porpoise was screened using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique combined with the bulked segregant analysis. Totally 36 AFLP primer combinations were used to detect the genome DNA bulks of the female and male porpoises, and one sex-related AFLP marker was finally obtained. The marker can be applied to sex identification, and provides a base for further cloning of sex-related genes and analyzing of Y chromosome haplotypes of the Yangtze finless porpoise.

Study on Biological Characters of Asparagus macowanii Baker.

Asparagus macowanfi Baker, is a climbing herbaceous foliage species in genus Asparagus of Liliaceae, This paper summarized its multiple uses, morphologi- cal characteristics, biological habit, reproduction methods, management after cultiva- tion, prevention and control of pests and disease, as well as harvest and grading, with the objective to provide references for the exploitation and utilization of As- paragus macowanii Baker.

Spatial Correlation and Ecological Characteristics Analysis of Man-agement Area for Biodiversity Conservation and Relevant Regionalization

Formulation of different ecological zone plans according to the corresponding protection targets and the necessity of proper conservation policy is one of the measures to achieve the goal of ecological conservation in China.In order to clarify the interrelation among key ecological zone plans,this paper carried out the research on spatial relation of priority areas of biodiversity conservation and three key ecological areas(key ecological function areas,key regions of ecological service function,national nature reserves)and the research on ecological conditions,based on multi-scale ecological spatial theme information,which incorporates elements like ecological quality and type,and by the aid of spatial information analysis and GIS modeling.The results showed a contrastively fine spatial consistency with 68.8%of priority areas of biodiversity conservation overlapping with three key ecological areas.Although the environment in priority areas of biodiversity conservation were in good conditions,protection pressure is also increasing,powerful supervision and protection should not be ignored.The environmental conditions in the overlapping areas,as a whole,were superior to those in the non-overlapping areas.Since two areas have different characteristics,targeted protection measures should be formulated based on this difference,which will be very important for biodiversity conservation in priority areas of biodiversity conservation.

Cymolomia hartigiana (Saxesen,1840)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at-tacking to Abies nephrolepis Max. New to Daxing'anling,Heilongji-ang,China

An Olethreutine speciesCymolomia hartigiana (Saxesen, 1840), attacking toAbies nephrolepis Max., is reported for the first time from Daxing'anling, Heilongjiang, China. The morphological characteristics are briefly re-described with illustrations. Also its damage and biology are noted. Key words Systematics - Lepidoptera - Tortricidae - Cymolomia - Daxing'anling - China CLC number Q969.429.2 - S763.3 Document code A Foundation item: This study was carried out under the financial support by KOSEF (Korea Science & Engineering Foundation) with the program of “Korea and China Young Scientist Exchange Program” (2002–2003).Biography: *BYUN Bong-Kya (1963-), male, Ph.D., Researcher in Korea National Arboretum, Korea.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai

Survey of Plant Community Characteristics in Bamenwan Mangrove of Wenchang City

According to natural conditions and vegetation distribution characteristics of Wenchang Bamenwan Mangrove Forest, sample plots were set up to investigate plant community characteristics in this area, and to explore the diversity characteristics of different subareas and calculate importance values of various tree species in the study area. According to the investigation, there are 48 plant species of 42 genera and 28 families in Bamenwan Mangrove Forest, including 29 tree species of 24 genera and 17 families. Among the tree species, those on the top 5 in the importance value list are Hibiscus tiliaceus, Bruguiera sexangula, Lumnitzera littorea, Rhizophora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum. There are 3 shrub species of 3 genera and 3 families, including Atalantia buxifolia, Lantana camara and Streblus asper. And there are 16 herbal species of 16 genera and 11 families, including Acrostichum aureum, Vernonia cinerea, Acanthus ilicifolius, Alocasia macrorrhiza, Synedrel a nodiflora, Gynura japonica and etc.. Diversity of the mangrove in different areas varies greatly, Shannon-Wiener index and richness index of semi-mangrove forest are both higher than those of other 3 mangrove forests. Bamenwan Mangrove Forest is characterized by diversified species and complex structures, but the community diversity is unevenly distributed because of the interventions from many factors. More human efforts are suggested to enhance the mangrove protection, so as to enrich the community diversity.

Recognition of Production and Morphological Traits in Macoei Sheep Breed

In this study, the data of Macoei sheep from 1994 to 2008 were collected in Affair Animal Breeding Unit, Agriculture Organization of West Azerbijan province of Iran for recognition of reproductive and morphological characteristics. The trait in this research include birth weight （BW）, 3 （W3）, 6 （W6）, 9 （W9）, 12 （W12） months weight, fleece weight （WF） （as production traits）, body length（BL）, size of femur（F）, thorax（TX）, testis（TS）, height of lumber（L） and shoulder（SH） （as morphological traits）. Variance components, least square means and standard error of production and morphological traits were estimated and environmental factors （including effects of year of birth, season, sex, type of birth and age of dam） were studied with GLM procedure of SAS 9.1 software. The results showed that the all environmental factors have significant effect, male lambs weight more than females, and twins were more performance than single. Production and apparent performance characteristics of phenotypic traits was different in year of birth, maternal age, season. This study shows that Macoie sheep breed at the various management environment have suitable performance and genetic potential.

Rural Ecotourism: An Effective Way of Maintaining Indigenous Character in Rapidly Urbanizing Rural Areas: A Case Study of Five Golden Flowers in Chengdu, China

China is the largest developing country in the world and a well-known agricultural country. China＇s urbanization is a subject of great interest, one that has attracted the attention of people throughout the world. Whereas a handful of studies have assessed various aspects of urbanization（urban expansion, urban transition, urban-rural relationships, the spatial changes in urban and rural areas, motivations for sustaining rural places）, little is known of how to retain the indigenous character of rural areas in terms of landscape design. In this paper, the authors set out to contribute to this significant gap. They used Chengdu City and Five Golden Flowers（FGF） village in Chengdu＇s suburbs as case studies. A detailed description of the application of Ebenezer Howard＇s Garden City vision in Chengdu City was made; the Garden City vision was the key premise for FGF＇s ecotourism industry and successful conservation of landscapes with indigenous character. An analysis of the post-ecotourism landscape in FGF was accomplished using a typology method. Finally a set of landscape design methods for retaining indigenous character was proposed. The main conclusion of this paper was as follows： rural ecotourism can contribute to maintaining the indigenous character of rapidly urbanizing rural landscapes with the use of appropriate inheritance and renovation ways. The findings here may provide useful information for decision making by urban planners and policy-makers.

Seasonal Effect of Geomorphological Chronosequence Features on Soil Biota Dynamics

Numerous studies have been devoted to the physical-chemical weathering processes leading to the creation of unique soil formations having their own history that induce soil-biotic diversity.However,the extent to which unique geomorphic formations influence soil biotic seasonal variation is not clear.Our aim was to define seasonal variations of soil biota in soils of different-aged terraces of the Makhtesh Ramon anticline erosional cirque in southern Israel.The strong effect of Makhtesh Ramon (Ramon crater) erosional fluvial terrace age initiated by climatic changes during the Late Pleistocene- Early Holocene period on seasonal variations in both soil properties and the abundance and composition of soil biota were demonstrated.However,age dependence was not constant and values for observed soil properties and microbial activity were negligible between younger and older terraces for certain seasons,while free-living nematodes along with bacterial-feeding group were strongly dependent on the geomorphic features of the ages throughout the study period.

A critical evaluation of subjective ratings： Unacquainted observers can reliably assess certain personality traits

Methods to measure consistent individual differences in behavior （i.e. animal personality） fall into two categories, subjective ratings and behavioral codings. Ratings are seldom used despite being potentially more efficient than codings. One potential limitation for the use of ratings is that it is assumed that long-term observers or experts in the field are required to score individuals. This can be problematic in many cases, especially for long-term ecological studies where there is high turnover in personnel. We tested whether raters who were unacquainted with subjects could produce reliable and valid personality assessments of yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventris. Two raters, previously unacquainted with individuals and marmot be- havior, scored 130 subjects on fifteen different adjectives in both open-field （OF） and mirror image stimulation （MIS） trials. Eight OF and nine MIS adjectives were reliable as indicated by both a high degree of intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Additionally, some ratings were externally valid, correlating with behavioral codings. Our data suggest that activity/exploration and sociability can be a reliable and valid measurement of personality traits in studies where raters were unacquainted with subjects. These traits are observable with the personality tests we used; otherwise researchers using unacquainted raters should be cautious in the tests they employ [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 162-169, 2014].