特发性肺间质纤维化急性加重患者呼吸道微生态成分与不良预后的关系

目的分析特发性肺间质纤维化急性加重患者呼吸道微生态成分与不良预后的关系。方法选取2020年1月—2021年1月四川省南充市中心医院呼吸与危重症医学科诊治特发性肺间质纤维化急性加重患者98例作为研究组,并根据预后情况分为预后良好亚组54例和预后不良亚组44例,另外选取同期特发性肺间质纤维化稳定期患者50例作为对照组。检测并比较2组患者及不同预后特发性肺间质纤维化急性加重患者体内细菌丰度(chao指数、sobs指数、ace指数)、多样性(shannon指数、simpson指数)、菌门(拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门)的表达变化,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析微生态成分对特发性肺间质纤维化急性加重患者不良预后的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,研究组chao指数、sobs指数、ace指数、shannon指数及拟杆菌门、放线菌门占比降低(t=6.361、8.253、4.440、6.483、18.680、10.610,P均<0.001),simpson指数及厚壁菌门、变形菌门占比均升高(t=6.955、14.230、13.730,P均<0.001)。与预后良好亚组比较,预后不良亚组chao指数、sobs指数、ace指数、shannon指数及拟杆菌门、放线菌门占比降低(t=6.709、8.061、4.653、11.530、11.540、5.083,P均<0.001),simpson指数及厚壁菌门、变形菌门占比升高(t=3.776、4.390、8.017,P均<0.001)。ROC曲线显示,chao指数、sobs指数、ace指数、simpson指数、shannon指数、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门及联合检测诊断特发性肺间质纤维化急性加重患者不良预后的AUC为0.709、0.751、0.679、0.709、0.777、0.724、0.732、0.688、0.697、0.908,联合检测价值高于单项指标检测。结论呼吸道微生态成分与特发性肺间质纤维化急性加重患者病情相关,且微生物成分紊乱可影响患者预后,检测其表达可对患者不良预后进行诊断。

基于生态足迹成分法的海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究

生态补偿标准是生态补偿研究的核心问题,但目前有关旅游生态补偿的研究成果较少。本文以旅游生态补偿相关理论(交通、住宿、餐饮、游览、娱乐、购物和废弃物等旅游过程,对旅游目的地及其外部区域的生态系统服务产生负外部性影响)为基础,运用生态足迹成分法(自下而上方法),构建了5类(渔家乐旅游)生态足迹模型,以此为基础,确立了(渔家乐旅游)生态补偿标准评价模型;并以山东省长岛县渔家乐为案例,以2011年为评价基准年份,进行了海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究。结果表明:①长岛县渔家乐每位游客每天的生态足迹为0.008 676 hm2,每位游客每天需承担的生态补偿标准为15.97元,其中承担养殖海域的生态补偿标准为10.53元;②13个村渔家乐游客对海产品的消耗量均较大,各村生态足迹(水域)占总生态足迹的比例最低值为57.07%,各村渔家乐每位游客每天承担养殖海域的生态补偿标准最低值为5.02元;③北长山乡的店子村等4个村和南长山镇的黑石嘴村等3个村渔家乐的户均生态足迹较大,其每位游客每天承担的生态补偿标准额度也较大;④非山东游客比例、散客游客比例、停留2天及以上游客比例、电话或网络预定游客比例和每位游客每天给渔家乐带来的收入等,是渔家乐旅游生态补偿标准的主要影响因素。研究提出:养殖海域是优先考虑的生态补偿对象;依据渔家乐的不同收费标准,有差异的向游客征收生态补偿费用,将其用于养殖海域生态环境的治理和恢复。

基于生态足迹成分法的太子山国家森林公园旅游承载力研究

运用生态足迹成分法,基于太子山国家森林公园旅游统计数据和实地调查数据,计算了该森林公园的旅游生态足迹、旅游生态承载力以及旅游可持续发展度。结果显示:2018年太子山森林公园总旅游生态足迹为1013.36 hm^2,总旅游生态承载力为10738.99 hm^2,总旅游生态盈余为9725.63 hm^2,旅游可持续发展度为0.09,表明该森林公园处于生态盈余和可持续发展的理想状态。

基于生态足迹成分法的南岳景区游客废弃物生态影响测度

该文从游客废弃物特点及主要构成出发,基于生态足迹成分测量模型,对湖南省著名的山岳型景区南岳的游客废弃物生态足迹现状进行测度。结果表明,降低游客废弃物生态影响,提升南岳景区可持续发展度,主要应该从降游客塑料垃圾、降游客呼吸垃圾、降游客玻璃垃圾、降游客食物残渣等方面着手,但其中降低游客呼吸垃圾只能减少游客量或者减少游客游玩时间,这2种方式都不利于景区经济的发展。因此,从游客塑料垃圾、玻璃垃圾、食物残渣垃圾3个方面构建游客垃圾管控体系才是降低游客废弃物总生态足迹,提升南岳景区可持续发展度的有效途径。

简述生态批评语言学

生态批评语言学是新兴的生态语言学的一个分支,其任务是基于生态语言学的三个基本原则在语言和言语层面对非生态的语言使用和语言系统中的人类中心主义现象进行分析批评,以此揭示现实语言中不利于生态环境健康发展的思想,培养人们的生态环境意识,强调语言在解决生态环境问题过程中的影响和作用。

Slope displacement prediction based on multisource domain transfer learning for insufficient sample data

Accurate displacement prediction is critical for the early warning of landslides.The complexity of the coupling relationship between multiple influencing factors and displacement makes the accurate prediction of displacement difficult.Moreover,in engineering practice,insufficient monitoring data limit the performance of prediction models.To alleviate this problem,a displacement prediction method based on multisource domain transfer learning,which helps accurately predict data in the target domain through the knowledge of one or more source domains,is proposed.First,an optimized variational mode decomposition model based on the minimum sample entropy is used to decompose the cumulative displacement into the trend,periodic,and stochastic components.The trend component is predicted by an autoregressive model,and the periodic component is predicted by the long short-term memory.For the stochastic component,because it is affected by uncertainties,it is predicted by a combination of a Wasserstein generative adversarial network and multisource domain transfer learning for improved prediction accuracy.Considering a real mine slope as a case study,the proposed prediction method was validated.Therefore,this study provides new insights that can be applied to scenarios lacking sample data.

贡嘎山东坡植被垂直带谱的物种多样性格局分析

为了探讨贡嘎山东坡海拔梯度上植物多样性的结构特征及格局变化 ,基于植被垂直带谱的样带和样方调查 ,分析了物种丰度与种 -面积关系的垂直变化 ,物种多样性生态和地理成分的海拔梯度格局 ;去势对应分析(DCA)和典范对应分析 (CCA)被用于分析 17种环境因子之间的相关性 ,和环境因子对 2 7个多样性结构成分和 6 7个样方空间格局的影响 ;并定量分离不同尺度的环境变量对多样性格局分异的贡献。结果表明 :1)贡嘎山东坡的植物物种多样性总体上表现了自下而上降低的梯度 ,但从河谷干旱灌草丛带到常绿阔叶林带和高山灌丛带到草甸带显示了相反的梯度变化 ;2 ) 10种分布区类型的物种有各不相同的垂直丰度格局 ,9种生活型的物种多样性垂直格局则反映了草本与木本类型的明显差异 ;3)从河谷干旱灌草丛到山地针阔混交林的生物多样性结构变化主要反映水分梯度的影响 ;而从山地针阔混交林到高山草甸 ,多样性结构变化的主导因子是气温 ;4 )气候的垂直梯度和生境的局部异质性是物种多样性格局两组不同作用尺度和性质的影响因子 ;总体上 76 .83%的多样性变异得到了解释 ,其中寒冷指数的作用最为突出。分析结果支持了关于生物多样性格局机理的不同假说 ;同时表明 。

A Comparative Study on the Quality Components Between Self Pollinated Seeds and Naturally Pollinated Seeds in Brassica napus L. in Sichuan Ecological Region

[ Objective] This study was to reveal the differences in crude fat and glucosinolates between self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds in Brassica napus in sichuan ecological region.. [ Method] Near-infrared spectroscopy method （NIRS） was employed to measure the quality components in self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds of 861 shares of Brassica napus from Sichuan ecological region. And correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted based on the experimental data via SPSS （statistics package for social science）. [ Result] The contents of crude fat in the self pollinated seeds were commonly a higher than that in the naturally pollinated seeds at 0.01 significant level; while the contents of glucosinolates in the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds were insignificantly different. Both the correlation relationship and linear regression for the crude fat between the self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds reached the significant level. The regression equations for the contents of crude fat（y1 ） and glucosinolates（ y2 ） in the naturally pollinated seeds and of crude fat（ x1 ） and glucosinolates（ x2 ） in self pollinated seeds were respectively determined to be y1 = 16.844 ＋0.614x1 and y2 = -0.620 ＋ 1.017 x2. [ Conclusion] In Brassica napus breeding, crude fat in naturally pollinated seeds should be emphatically taken into account, meanwhile concurrently considering that in self pollinated seeds; while glucosinolates in both the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds must be simultaneously concerned.

Composition Analysis on Intermuscular Fatty Acid of Qinghai Datong Yak

[ Objective] The study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization of Datong yak resource. [ Method] By qualitative and quantitative determination with gas chromatograph, the composition and content of intermuscular fatty acid of Datong yak were compared with those of Datong yellow cattle. [ Result] Comparing with Datong yellow cattle, Datong yak had lower saturated fatty acid （SFA） content and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content at extremely significant level （P 〈0.01 ）, while the difference of monounsaturated fatty acid （MUFA） contents between them was not significant （P〉0.05）. The PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA of Datong yak were in accordance with the recommended proportions. [ Conclusion] The intermuscular fatty acid composition of Datong yak is superior to that of local yellow cattle, which indicates that Datong yak meat has high nutritive value and wide development prospect.

Evaluation on Land Ecological Security in Hohhot Based on Principal Component Analysis

Based on the status of land ecological resources in Hohhot, 20 indexes covering nature, resource environment, economy and society were selected and the evaluation index system was established. With the principal component analysis, the land ecological security of Hohhot from 2009 to 2015 was analyzed. The results showed that the land ecological security of Hohhot was declining year by year in 2009-2015. Besides, per capital GDP and public green area, the proportion of in- dustry and the price index of agricultural and animal husbandry production materials were the key factors influencing the land ecological security of Hohhot. The key for protection of the land ecological security may lie in the protection of land quality and prevention of land degradation in farming and stock-breeding areas.

Advances in Pharmaceutical and Ecological Value of Sagina japonica(Sw.) Ohwi

Sagina japonica（Sw.） Ohwi is a traditional medicinal herb for the treatment of lacquer dermatitis, and its medicinal and ecological value needs to be further developed. Based on broad literature search, this paper summarized the identification, composition, pharmacology, clinical applications, ecological value, and cultivation technologies of S. japonica（Sw.） Ohwi, aiming at providing scientific information for further research and development of S. japonica（Sw.） Ohwi.

Investigation on Physiological Status of Regional Vegetation Using Pushbroom Hyperspectral Imager Data

To extract vegetation pigment concentration and physiological status has been studied in two test areas covered with swamp and flourish vegetation using pushbroom hyperspectral imager (PHI) data which flied in September of 2000 at Daxing'anling district of Heilongjiang Province, China. The ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS) indices, which were put forward by Chappelle et al (1992), are chosen in this paper owing to their effect and simpleness against both comparison with various methods and techniques for exploration of pigment concentration and characteristics of PHI data. The correlation coefficients between RARS indices and pigment concentration of vegetation were up to 0.8. The new RARS indices modes are established in the two test areas using both PHI data and spectra of different vegetations measured in the field. The indices' parameter images of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoids (Cars) of the test areas covered with swamp and flourish vegetation are acquired by the new RARS indices modes. Furthermore, the regional concentration of Chl a and Chl b are extracted and quantified using regression equations between RARS indices and pigment concentrations, which were built by Blackburn (1998). The results showed the physiological status and variety clearly, and are in good agreement with the distribution of vegetation in the field.

Ecological Behavior of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) in Soil-Plant Systems

More and more linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has contaminated the water and soil ma pollution discharge, making it important to identify the ecological behavior and toxicity of LAS so as to carry out measures that will reduce its negative effects on the ecosystem. The ecological behavior of LAS. including degradation, migration, and plant uptake, in both soil-paddy rice and soil-soybean systems was studied. Reduction of LAS in pot and field plots followed the first order reaction kinetics with degradation half-lives of 35-50 days with LAS decreasing to very low concentrations after a season of crop growth. Strong migration ability for LAS was found and the breakthrough time in a 1.5 in soil monolith was significantly shortened to 23 days by preferential flow. Leachate volumes of soil-paddy and soil-soybean systems at preferential breakthrough were much different, while the leachate volumes at equilibrium governed by soil adsorption/desorption processes were very similar. Significant uptake of LAS in both paddy rice and sovbeans was observed in pot and field experiments (P < 0.05). In aquatic culture, 20 μg mL-1 and above of LAS significantly inhibited the growth of paddy seedlings (P < 0.05). The critical concentration for LAS in soil inhibiting the growth and yield of paddy was 160 μg g-1; when higher, there was a strong negative influence, with decreases in height, spike length, and production, when lower than 80 μg g-1, paddy growth was stimulated. There was little effect of LAS on soybeans.

Application of honey-bee mating optimization on state estimation of a power distribution system including distributed generators

We present a new approach based on honey-bee mating optimization to estimate the state variables in distribution networks including distributed generators. The proposed method considers practical models of electrical equipments such as static var compensators, voltage regulators, and under-load tap changer transformers, which have usually nonlinear and discrete characteristics. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparison with the methods based on neural networks, ant colony optimization, and genetic algorithms for two test systems, a network with 34-bus radial test feeders and a realistic 80-bus 20 kV network.

利用板书板画教学——以“生态系统的组成成分”为例

以"生态系统的组成成分"为例,通过绘制生动形象的板书板画来开展课堂教学,以此启发学生的想象力,加深对知识的记忆,从而达到更好的教学效果。

Contracts in the payments for ecosystem services: the case of bio-prospecting

We examine the economics of royalties in bioprospecting contracts between a pharmaceutical and genetic resource supplier （local）, with an eve to understanding the relative advantages of indexing royalty, payments to gross revenue or net revenue. We show a risk-averse firm facing only production or only cost risks will index royalties to net revenue. When facing both types of risk the choice of royalty type depends on the relative magnitudes of the production and cost risk. In each case, the risk-averse firm chooses the royalty-type that shifts as much risk as possible to the local. Wheat the local is risk neutral the pharmaceutical＇s and local＇s preferences are compatible.If the local is risk averse and there is only one type of risk, it will prefer a gross revenue royalty, and shift as much risk as possible to the firm： here the local and firm preferences are compatible only ifthe firm is risk-neutral. Lastly we show if the firm sets the terms of the contract and both agents are risk averse, the.firm will not likely volunteer to implement the socially optimal royalty arrangement as it prefers to shift as much risk to the loeal, who now also prefers a more certain return, This last outcome is at the heart of the benefit sharing discussionand suggests if risk sharing and equity are a concern in benefit sharing, then the choice of rcyalty type can be an important part of negotiations between pharmaceuticals and locals for the phytochemical from nature for new drug discovery.

A Rapid Assessment of Scleractinian and Non-Scleractinian Coral Growth Forms Along the Saudi Arabian Coast, Red Sea

In this study we assessed the current status of coral reefs along the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea. Among the three growth forms of Acroporid corals, the branching forms were found to dominate in the Farassan Islands （44.55%±11.10% cover） fol-lowed by tabular forms in the Doga Islands （ranging between 18%±6.47% and 18.30%±9.47% cover）. Digitate forms were rarely found along the coast except at Maqna. Among the five growth forms of non-Acroporid corals, we observed maximum cover of branching forms in the Yanbu offshore area （58.89%±15.11% cover） followed by the Jeddah coast （24.76%±14.04% cover）. The Millepora spp., a non-Scleractinian coral, was abundant at all the near-shore sites, such as Jeddah （10.70%±8.21%） and A1-Wajh （9.81%±6.69%）. The live coral cover （including both Scleractinian and non-Scleractinian corals） of Saudi Red Sea coast was seen to be higher in the north and gradually decrease towards the south. Principal Component analysis showed that the contribution of Acro- porid corals was greater in the southern region than in the northem and middle regions, but vice-versa in the case of non-Acroporid corals. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis categorized all the study sites into two major clusters with 60% similarity. Among them, one cluster-forming sites from Maqna to Masturah （Northem region） and the second one comprised the middle and southem regions （Jeddah to Farassan Islands）, and one outlier Rabigh.

Nietzsche＇s Naturalistic Metaethics： In Defense of Privilege＊

In his essay ＂Nietzsche＇s Metaethics： Against the Privilege Readings,＂ Brian Leiter critically examines Richard Schacht＇s naturalistic interpretation of Nietzsche. Leiter focuses on the metaethical question： ＂What status--metaphysical, epistemological^o the values used to undertake [Nietzsche＇s] revaluation [of value] （the ＇assessing values＇） enjoy？＂ （2000, 277）. Are these values true or better justified？ Leiter describes Schacht＇s position as a ＂privilege reading＂ that holds that the perspective from which Nietzsche revaluates values is privileged on the basis of＂normative facts＂ which are constituted by certain ＂natural facts＂ （2000, 279）. Leiter attempts to outline and even enhance the argument he sees Schacht making for this position, which Leiter calls a naturalistic realism. Leiter however finds that the arguments for ＂privilege readings＂ are insufficient. He concludes that the perspective from which Nietzsche revaluates values is not privileged at all. It is simply the idiosyncratic perspective from which Nietzsche revaluates values. In this paper I argue that a version of Schacht＇s privilege reading can be supported using two fundamental components of Leiter＇s interpretation of Nietzsche： his methodological and substantive naturalism. When we use scientific methods and view social systems like other natural systems, we find that in contemporary science a privilege is given to the maximum power principle. This concept was initially conceived by the chemist and mathematician Alfred Lotka and further developed by the ecologist Howard Odum and it has a fundamental similarity to the will to power. This principle provides an empirical foundation for the will to power and Schacht＇s privilege reading of Nietzsche＇s metaethics. It provides further evidence that human life is ultimately part of a vast natural process and the growth of all natural systems is made possible by an increase in power.

A DISCRETE-TIME Geo/G/1 RETRIAL QUEUE WITH J-VACATION POLICY AND GENERAL RETRIAL TIMES

The authors discuss a discrete-time Geo/G/1 retrial queue with J-vacation policy and general retrial times.As soon as the orbit is empty,the server takes a vacation.However,the server is allowed to take a maximum number J of vacations,if the system remains empty after the end of a vacation.If there is at least one customer in the orbit at the end of a vacation,the server begins to serve the new arrivals or the arriving customers from the orbit.For this model,the authors focus on the steady-state analysis for the considered queueing system.Firstly,the authors obtain the generating functions of the number of customers in the orbit and in the system.Then,the authors obtain the closed-form expressions of some performance measures of the system and also give a stochastic decomposition result for the system size.Besides,the relationship between this discrete-time model and the corresponding continuous-time model is also investigated.Finally,some numerical results are provided.

Winners and losers among tree species in Xishuangbanna: which traits are most important?

Massive human interference in natural ecosystems is resulting in a few ＂winners＂ and many ＂losers＂. However, the drivers of this winner-loser replacement pattern remain poorly understood. The aim of the study reported here was to identify winners among the tree flora of Xishuangbanna and compare their functional traits, specific leaf area （SLA）, wood density （WD）, seed mass （SM） and maximum height （MH） with previously identified losers （i.e., endangered species）. Fifteen native tree species were identified as winners from expert opinion, plot-based surveys of secondary forests and plotless surveys along roads. Twelve endangered tree species for which trait information could be obtained were used for comparison. Traits were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Winners had significantly higher SLA, but lower WD. SM and MH did not differ significantly between groups. When the effects of phylogeny were removed by using phylogenetic generalized least squares, the difference in SLA became marginally insignificant. Principal component analysis resulted in two overlapping groups, showing that the selected traits were insufficient to distinguish winners and losers. Our results suggest that the ＂few winners, many losers＂ paradigm applies to trees in Xishuangbanna, with15 species accounting for most trees in the disturbed habitats sampled.