《道德经》是中国最伟大的哲学名著之一,对传统哲学、政治、宗教等产生了深刻影响,引起国内外学者广泛研究。从生态概念隐喻、生态故事和框架理论视角出发,采用隐喻分析方法对《道德经》进行生态分析,研究发现了DAO IS MOTHER等生态概...《道德经》是中国最伟大的哲学名著之一,对传统哲学、政治、宗教等产生了深刻影响,引起国内外学者广泛研究。从生态概念隐喻、生态故事和框架理论视角出发,采用隐喻分析方法对《道德经》进行生态分析,研究发现了DAO IS MOTHER等生态概念隐喻,揭示了道生万物的宇宙本体论,万物平等的生态认识论,处弱不争、知足知止的生态实践论,探索了关于发展、消费、人与自然关系的新生态故事。同时推断出LESS IS MORE,SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL等与生态概念隐喻一致的新价值观。展开更多
We review 20 year long investigations by the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology on radioecological and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe for wild animals in the Exclusion Zone （EZ） around the nucle...We review 20 year long investigations by the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology on radioecological and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe for wild animals in the Exclusion Zone （EZ） around the nuclear plant. Using previous observations on bird migrations through Ukraine, we assessed the 137^Cs and 90^Sr carry-out with migrants from the EZ. In addition, we selected animal species as standard indicators of the state of the environment to map ： 1 ） contamination of vertebrates with 137^Cs in the EZ and 2） beta-activity of mollusc shells indicating 90^Sr, in the whole Dnieper drainage area, in the Kiev Administrative Region, and in the EZ. We revealed regular seasonal and long-term trends, relative radionuclide accumulation by different species, transfer and accumulation factors, and used these measurements to diminish the enormous variation and complexity of the data. Secondary ecological changes in forest, devastated by direct irradiation, were caused by the crash of trophic chains and an outbreak of insect pests on dead or sick trees. Ninety-nine percent of the EZ area was not affected directly by irradiation. Ecological changes in this area have been caused by evacuation of the public, cessation of agriculture and forest management, and decontamination on a large scale. After initial changes, animal density and distribution have been stabilized at a limit restricted by natural resources, predators and poachers. A herd of Przewalski horses was successfully introduced into the EZ years ago. We renewed the protected state of nature reserved sites, which existed before, and proposed to expand the area of nature reservation.展开更多
The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms, marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and...The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms, marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and offshore oil production equipment. It is concluded upon analysis that there are two main reasons for marine oil spills: (I) The motive for huge economic benefits of oil industry owners and oil shipping agents far surpasses their sense of ecological risks. (II) Marine ecological safety has not become the main concern of national security. Oil spills are disasters because humans spare no efforts to get economic benefits from oil. The present paper draws another conclusion that marine ecological damage caused by oil spills can be roughly divided into two categories: damage to marine resource value (direct value) and damage to marine ecosystem service value (indirect value). Marine oil spills cause damage to marine biological, fishery, seawater, tourism and mineral resources to various extents, which contributes to the lower quality and value of marine resources.展开更多
文摘《道德经》是中国最伟大的哲学名著之一,对传统哲学、政治、宗教等产生了深刻影响,引起国内外学者广泛研究。从生态概念隐喻、生态故事和框架理论视角出发,采用隐喻分析方法对《道德经》进行生态分析,研究发现了DAO IS MOTHER等生态概念隐喻,揭示了道生万物的宇宙本体论,万物平等的生态认识论,处弱不争、知足知止的生态实践论,探索了关于发展、消费、人与自然关系的新生态故事。同时推断出LESS IS MORE,SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL等与生态概念隐喻一致的新价值观。
文摘We review 20 year long investigations by the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology on radioecological and ecological consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe for wild animals in the Exclusion Zone （EZ） around the nuclear plant. Using previous observations on bird migrations through Ukraine, we assessed the 137^Cs and 90^Sr carry-out with migrants from the EZ. In addition, we selected animal species as standard indicators of the state of the environment to map ： 1 ） contamination of vertebrates with 137^Cs in the EZ and 2） beta-activity of mollusc shells indicating 90^Sr, in the whole Dnieper drainage area, in the Kiev Administrative Region, and in the EZ. We revealed regular seasonal and long-term trends, relative radionuclide accumulation by different species, transfer and accumulation factors, and used these measurements to diminish the enormous variation and complexity of the data. Secondary ecological changes in forest, devastated by direct irradiation, were caused by the crash of trophic chains and an outbreak of insect pests on dead or sick trees. Ninety-nine percent of the EZ area was not affected directly by irradiation. Ecological changes in this area have been caused by evacuation of the public, cessation of agriculture and forest management, and decontamination on a large scale. After initial changes, animal density and distribution have been stabilized at a limit restricted by natural resources, predators and poachers. A herd of Przewalski horses was successfully introduced into the EZ years ago. We renewed the protected state of nature reserved sites, which existed before, and proposed to expand the area of nature reservation.
基金supported by the Academy of Ocean of China (No. AOCQN200812)part of the results of the scientific research project entitled ‘The Legal Issues on the Ecological Damage Caused by Marine Oil Spills
文摘The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms, marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and offshore oil production equipment. It is concluded upon analysis that there are two main reasons for marine oil spills: (I) The motive for huge economic benefits of oil industry owners and oil shipping agents far surpasses their sense of ecological risks. (II) Marine ecological safety has not become the main concern of national security. Oil spills are disasters because humans spare no efforts to get economic benefits from oil. The present paper draws another conclusion that marine ecological damage caused by oil spills can be roughly divided into two categories: damage to marine resource value (direct value) and damage to marine ecosystem service value (indirect value). Marine oil spills cause damage to marine biological, fishery, seawater, tourism and mineral resources to various extents, which contributes to the lower quality and value of marine resources.
