主观疲劳量表(Rating of Perceived Exertion,RPE)是一种在国内外被广泛采用的运动负荷量化评估手段。基于对国内外体育科学研究相关领域的数据库的文献综述,对采用单次运动RPE(session Rating of Perceived Exertion,sRPE)方法的研究...主观疲劳量表(Rating of Perceived Exertion,RPE)是一种在国内外被广泛采用的运动负荷量化评估手段。基于对国内外体育科学研究相关领域的数据库的文献综述,对采用单次运动RPE(session Rating of Perceived Exertion,sRPE)方法的研究和文献进行综述,发现:(1)已经有很多国内外的研究证实sRPE量化评估运动负荷方法的有效性和可靠性,可适用于多种项目、男性和女性、多个年龄段和水平层次的运动员的不同内容或类型的运动或训练,sRPE与客观指标之间具有较高的相关性;(2)sRPE量化评估运动负荷方法具有生态效用,可以适用于一个更长远的训练周期(比如一年甚至多年),还可用于计算训练单调性,分析运动损伤的发生风险,有助于优化训练分期,优化训练节奏,保持训练一致性,避免过度负荷甚至过度训练和运动损伤;(3)sRPE量化评估运动负荷的结果与教练员之间的关系的研究较少,尤其有关教练员主观判断的训练课前sRPE与运动员训练课后的sRPE之间的关系的研究,同时有研究报告一些社会学等因素可能会对sRPE量化评估运动负荷造成影响;(4)当前国内缺乏针对青少年运动员、不同项目运动员在不同训练类型和训练分期中应用sRPE量化评估的研究,以及中文文本的sRPE量表的有效性与可靠性的研究。展开更多
Whole_growing season pot experiments were conducted to examine the response of growth and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gaoyuan 602) to CO 2 enrichment. Wheat plants wer...Whole_growing season pot experiments were conducted to examine the response of growth and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gaoyuan 602) to CO 2 enrichment. Wheat plants were grown in open_top chambers (OTCs) subject to two concentrations of CO 2 ()(350 and 700 μL/L, hereafter 'ambient' and 'elevated' respectively) and three soil water levels (80%, 60% and 40% field water capacity ( FWC ), hereafter 'high soil moisture', 'medium soil moisture' and 'low soil moisture' respectively). Elevated CO 2 greatly increased leaf net photosynthesis ( Pn ) at all three soil water levels. The Pn of plants growing under elevated was 22% lower than that of plants growing at ambient when measured with the same (700 μL/L). Plant growth was enhanced by elevated throughout the growing season, with an increase of 14.8% in shoot dry weight at harvest under high soil moisture, and leaf area was increased by about 20% at all three soil water levels. Elevated in combination with high soil moisture increased the ratio of plant shoot dry weight to height by 15.7%, while this ratio was decreased by over 50% when plants were subject to drought. Elevated also increased the water use efficiency of wheat, mainly due to decreases in transpiration and cumulative consumption of water, and an increase in shoot dry weight, with the biggest value of 30% occurring at high soil water moisture level. Compared to high soil moisture, drought decreased shoot dry weight by 72% under ambient , and by 76% under elevated . Similarly, drought also reduced WUE by 19% under ambient , and 23% under elevated . Our results indicate that: (1) elevated can increase the photosynthetic rates, growth and WUE of wheat plants; (2) long_term exposure to high may result in lower photosynthetic capacity; (3) high stimulates plants lateral growth more than vertical growth; (4) the effects of CO 2 enrichment on plants depend on soil water status, with plants benefiting more from CO 2 enrichment if sufficient water is supplied; and (5) drought may cause relatively more reduction in plant growth and WUE under future elevated conditions.展开更多
[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrat...[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrated assessment of trapping efficiency of colored sticky cards and sex pheromone on Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella was conducted by field surveys and structured interview in Tonghai County,Yunnan Province,China.[Result] The results showed that yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone have strong power of trapping Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella（3 414±720 and（219±157） head/piece,respectively）;the control cost by the usage of pesticide is the highest,（10 099.5±2 752.5） yuan/hm^2,yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone takes the second place,（1 125.0±465.0） yuan/hm^2,the control cost by the usage of yellow sticky cards is the lowest,（450.0 ±186.0）yuan/hm^2.Without the usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs are（15.0±2.7） times and（12 070.5±2 136.0） yuan/hm^2;combined with usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs reduce by 5.7 times and 4 618.5 yuan/hm^2.The ratio of trapped beneficial insects and target pests was 1 ∶1 131,which showed that the negative effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on the non-target insects was very limited.[Conclusion] The trapping approach has become popular among all the local farmers.Looking at the above factors,the trapping technology has strong application prospect and promotion value in pest control field.展开更多
文摘主观疲劳量表(Rating of Perceived Exertion,RPE)是一种在国内外被广泛采用的运动负荷量化评估手段。基于对国内外体育科学研究相关领域的数据库的文献综述,对采用单次运动RPE(session Rating of Perceived Exertion,sRPE)方法的研究和文献进行综述,发现:(1)已经有很多国内外的研究证实sRPE量化评估运动负荷方法的有效性和可靠性,可适用于多种项目、男性和女性、多个年龄段和水平层次的运动员的不同内容或类型的运动或训练,sRPE与客观指标之间具有较高的相关性;(2)sRPE量化评估运动负荷方法具有生态效用,可以适用于一个更长远的训练周期(比如一年甚至多年),还可用于计算训练单调性,分析运动损伤的发生风险,有助于优化训练分期,优化训练节奏,保持训练一致性,避免过度负荷甚至过度训练和运动损伤;(3)sRPE量化评估运动负荷的结果与教练员之间的关系的研究较少,尤其有关教练员主观判断的训练课前sRPE与运动员训练课后的sRPE之间的关系的研究,同时有研究报告一些社会学等因素可能会对sRPE量化评估运动负荷造成影响;(4)当前国内缺乏针对青少年运动员、不同项目运动员在不同训练类型和训练分期中应用sRPE量化评估的研究,以及中文文本的sRPE量表的有效性与可靠性的研究。
文摘Whole_growing season pot experiments were conducted to examine the response of growth and water use efficiency ( WUE ) of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gaoyuan 602) to CO 2 enrichment. Wheat plants were grown in open_top chambers (OTCs) subject to two concentrations of CO 2 ()(350 and 700 μL/L, hereafter 'ambient' and 'elevated' respectively) and three soil water levels (80%, 60% and 40% field water capacity ( FWC ), hereafter 'high soil moisture', 'medium soil moisture' and 'low soil moisture' respectively). Elevated CO 2 greatly increased leaf net photosynthesis ( Pn ) at all three soil water levels. The Pn of plants growing under elevated was 22% lower than that of plants growing at ambient when measured with the same (700 μL/L). Plant growth was enhanced by elevated throughout the growing season, with an increase of 14.8% in shoot dry weight at harvest under high soil moisture, and leaf area was increased by about 20% at all three soil water levels. Elevated in combination with high soil moisture increased the ratio of plant shoot dry weight to height by 15.7%, while this ratio was decreased by over 50% when plants were subject to drought. Elevated also increased the water use efficiency of wheat, mainly due to decreases in transpiration and cumulative consumption of water, and an increase in shoot dry weight, with the biggest value of 30% occurring at high soil water moisture level. Compared to high soil moisture, drought decreased shoot dry weight by 72% under ambient , and by 76% under elevated . Similarly, drought also reduced WUE by 19% under ambient , and 23% under elevated . Our results indicate that: (1) elevated can increase the photosynthetic rates, growth and WUE of wheat plants; (2) long_term exposure to high may result in lower photosynthetic capacity; (3) high stimulates plants lateral growth more than vertical growth; (4) the effects of CO 2 enrichment on plants depend on soil water status, with plants benefiting more from CO 2 enrichment if sufficient water is supplied; and (5) drought may cause relatively more reduction in plant growth and WUE under future elevated conditions.
基金Supported by Development Program of Misereor Foundation of Germany(335-0311028Z)~~
文摘[Objective] To evaluate the control effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on Plutella xylostella and Liriomyza spp.,which can provide reference for large area extension of the technique.[Method] The integrated assessment of trapping efficiency of colored sticky cards and sex pheromone on Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella was conducted by field surveys and structured interview in Tonghai County,Yunnan Province,China.[Result] The results showed that yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone have strong power of trapping Liriomyza spp.and Plutella xylostella（3 414±720 and（219±157） head/piece,respectively）;the control cost by the usage of pesticide is the highest,（10 099.5±2 752.5） yuan/hm^2,yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone takes the second place,（1 125.0±465.0） yuan/hm^2,the control cost by the usage of yellow sticky cards is the lowest,（450.0 ±186.0）yuan/hm^2.Without the usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs are（15.0±2.7） times and（12 070.5±2 136.0） yuan/hm^2;combined with usage of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone,pesticide application times and costs reduce by 5.7 times and 4 618.5 yuan/hm^2.The ratio of trapped beneficial insects and target pests was 1 ∶1 131,which showed that the negative effect of yellow sticky cards and sex pheromone on the non-target insects was very limited.[Conclusion] The trapping approach has become popular among all the local farmers.Looking at the above factors,the trapping technology has strong application prospect and promotion value in pest control field.
