生态服务协同格局形成是半干旱区脆弱生态系统恢复的重要特征。黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复和生态功能变化均存在明显分异过程,从社会–生态视角探索植被恢复对生态服务协同潜力的驱动机理与路径,对半干旱区生态恢复建设与生态服务可持续供...生态服务协同格局形成是半干旱区脆弱生态系统恢复的重要特征。黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复和生态功能变化均存在明显分异过程,从社会–生态视角探索植被恢复对生态服务协同潜力的驱动机理与路径,对半干旱区生态恢复建设与生态服务可持续供应具有指导意义。以塬面–沟谷系统整体为研究对象,在不同时空尺度上开展水–碳–粮协同过程研究,阐明协同格局形成的植被恢复响应过程及社会–生态因素作用机理,通过构建水–碳–粮协同格局形成的机制模型,厘清植被恢复的社会–生态要素互馈机制,揭示基于生态服务协同原理的植被恢复设计对塬面–沟谷系统水–碳–粮协同供给的潜在影响。研究在统筹调控塬面–沟谷系统关键社会–生态过程对植被恢复功能演化的作用机制和对可持续发展目标贡献方面具有科学支持作用。The formation of synergistic patterns of ecosystem services is an important feature of the restoration of vulnerable ecosystems in semi-arid areas. There is a clear differentiation process in vegetation restoration and ecological function changes in the Loess Plateau gully region. Exploring the driving mechanisms and pathways of vegetation restoration on the potential for ecosystem service synergy from a socio-ecological perspective has guiding significance for ecological restoration construction and sustainable supply of ecosystem services in semi-arid areas. Taking the plateau-gully system as the research object, this study conducts research on the synergistic processes of water, carbon, and grain at different spatiotemporal scales, clarifies the vegetation restoration response process and the mechanism of action of socio-ecological factors in the formation of synergistic patterns, and by constructing a mechanism model for the formation of water-carbon-grain synergistic patterns, it clarifies the mutual feedback mechanism of socio-ecological factors in vegetation restoration, revealing the potential impact of vegetation restoration design based on the principle of ecosystem service synergy on the synergistic supply of water, carbon, and grain in the plateau-gully system. The research provides scientific support for the coordinated regulation of key socio-ecological processes in the plateau-gully system on the functional evolution of vegetation restoration and its contribution to sustainable development goals.展开更多
Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. Ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary ...Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. Ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary production, soil conservation, water conservation, flood regulation, forest recreation, were measured at 1-km grid scale covering the Taihu Lake Basin(TLB) of China. Our objective is to get a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distributions, trade-offs, synergies of multiple ecosystem services across the TLB. Our results found that: 1) majority of ecosystem services were clustered in space and had a similar spatial distribution pattern with the geographical resource endowment. Most of the landscape contributed a high supply of no services, one or two, and a low supply of three to seven services. 2) There were high correlation between forest recreation and freshwater supply and regulating services. Aquatic production had low correlation with other services. 3) The changes of provisioning services led to trade-offs between regulating services and cultural services in the TLB, while synergies mainly occurred among the provisioning service. 4) The spatial relationships of multiple services are consistent at 1-km spatial scale, counties and provinces. This research could help integrate multiple ecosystem services across scales and serve as a reference for decision making.展开更多
The article discusses the payment for ecosystem or environmental services markets in Brazil with a critical review, based on the ecological economics literature and focused on the concept of co-evolution. It is argued...The article discusses the payment for ecosystem or environmental services markets in Brazil with a critical review, based on the ecological economics literature and focused on the concept of co-evolution. It is argued that the mainstream approach which considers ecosystem services as an externality has many shortcomings and fails to consider institutional and political aspects---all very critical for the design and implementation of a PES （Payment for ecosystem services） project or program. The complexity and the diversity of co-evolutionary relations between ecosystem services and socioeconomic activities are spatially or territorially specific. In this sense, different types of PES market have to adapt and coevolve with different ongoing development processes.展开更多
Altay Prefecture plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in Northwest China.Studying the ecosystem service value is of great significance for promoting regional green high-quality development and maintaining ecolo...Altay Prefecture plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in Northwest China.Studying the ecosystem service value is of great significance for promoting regional green high-quality development and maintaining ecological security.Based on Global ESA land cover data from 2000 to 2015,the trade-off and synergy relationships and driving force factors between ecosystem services in Altay Prefecture were analyzed in this study.The analysis produced four main results.(1)The ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture continued to increase from 113.521×10^(9) yuan in 2000 to 115.777×10^(9) yuan in 2015,for an increase of about 1.98%.(2)The distribution of ecosystem service value had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics,with hot spot areas mainly concentrated in the"two rivers and one lake"and the mountainous areas in the northwest,while the cold spot areas were mainly the forest and grass-covered areas in the northern mountainous areas and within Jimunai County.(3)The trade-off and synergy relationship among ecosystem services was mainly synergistic,with a total of 77.78% of ecosystem service relative relationships showing a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level.(4)Economic factors and industrial structure are important factors affecting ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture.Ecosystem service value is positively correlated with per capita GDP and the output value of the tertiary industry,but negatively correlated with the output value of the secondary industry.展开更多
Mountain area accounts for a high proportion of the land area in China,and it is the focal area to solve the contradiction of imbalanced regional development,as well as an important source of ecosystem services.Theref...Mountain area accounts for a high proportion of the land area in China,and it is the focal area to solve the contradiction of imbalanced regional development,as well as an important source of ecosystem services.Therefore,this area has been facing long-term pressure and challenges in economic development and ecological protection.In this paper,we selected a rocky desertification mountain area,an active mountain area of new tectonic movement and a typical northern earth-rock mountain area,as Qian-Gui karst Mountain area,Hengduan Mountain area and Taihang Mountain area,as examples to represent three main types of mountain areas.Three representative types of ecosystem services,including NPP(Net Primary Productivity)as a support service,water conservation as a regulation service,and agricultural produce as a supply service,were incorporated into this study.Linear regression,correlation analysis and other methods were then used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of the trade-offs and synergies in each of the three kinds of mountain areas during 1990-2015 in China.The analysis yielded three main conclusions for the three mountainous areas.(1)The agricultural produce supply service decreased relatively,while the support and regulation services of NPP and hydrological regulation increased significantly.(2)There was a synergistic relationship between NPP and the hydrological regulation services in the three mountainous areas.The synergistic relation in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became enhanced,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas became weakened,and the former was weakened to a greater extent.There was a trade-off between NPP,the hydrological regulation service and the agricultural produce supply service among the three mountainous areas.In particular,the trade-off between NPP and the agricultural produce supply service in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became weaker,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas were enhanced,and the latter was enhanced to a greater degree.(3)Significant spatial differentiation was evident in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services among the three mountain areas.展开更多
文摘生态服务协同格局形成是半干旱区脆弱生态系统恢复的重要特征。黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复和生态功能变化均存在明显分异过程,从社会–生态视角探索植被恢复对生态服务协同潜力的驱动机理与路径,对半干旱区生态恢复建设与生态服务可持续供应具有指导意义。以塬面–沟谷系统整体为研究对象,在不同时空尺度上开展水–碳–粮协同过程研究,阐明协同格局形成的植被恢复响应过程及社会–生态因素作用机理,通过构建水–碳–粮协同格局形成的机制模型,厘清植被恢复的社会–生态要素互馈机制,揭示基于生态服务协同原理的植被恢复设计对塬面–沟谷系统水–碳–粮协同供给的潜在影响。研究在统筹调控塬面–沟谷系统关键社会–生态过程对植被恢复功能演化的作用机制和对可持续发展目标贡献方面具有科学支持作用。The formation of synergistic patterns of ecosystem services is an important feature of the restoration of vulnerable ecosystems in semi-arid areas. There is a clear differentiation process in vegetation restoration and ecological function changes in the Loess Plateau gully region. Exploring the driving mechanisms and pathways of vegetation restoration on the potential for ecosystem service synergy from a socio-ecological perspective has guiding significance for ecological restoration construction and sustainable supply of ecosystem services in semi-arid areas. Taking the plateau-gully system as the research object, this study conducts research on the synergistic processes of water, carbon, and grain at different spatiotemporal scales, clarifies the vegetation restoration response process and the mechanism of action of socio-ecological factors in the formation of synergistic patterns, and by constructing a mechanism model for the formation of water-carbon-grain synergistic patterns, it clarifies the mutual feedback mechanism of socio-ecological factors in vegetation restoration, revealing the potential impact of vegetation restoration design based on the principle of ecosystem service synergy on the synergistic supply of water, carbon, and grain in the plateau-gully system. The research provides scientific support for the coordinated regulation of key socio-ecological processes in the plateau-gully system on the functional evolution of vegetation restoration and its contribution to sustainable development goals.
基金Under the auspices of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.14BJY021)National Natural Science Foundation of China(40901296,U1404402)Youth backbone teachers of Henan province’s universities(No.2014GGJS-044)
文摘Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. Ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary production, soil conservation, water conservation, flood regulation, forest recreation, were measured at 1-km grid scale covering the Taihu Lake Basin(TLB) of China. Our objective is to get a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distributions, trade-offs, synergies of multiple ecosystem services across the TLB. Our results found that: 1) majority of ecosystem services were clustered in space and had a similar spatial distribution pattern with the geographical resource endowment. Most of the landscape contributed a high supply of no services, one or two, and a low supply of three to seven services. 2) There were high correlation between forest recreation and freshwater supply and regulating services. Aquatic production had low correlation with other services. 3) The changes of provisioning services led to trade-offs between regulating services and cultural services in the TLB, while synergies mainly occurred among the provisioning service. 4) The spatial relationships of multiple services are consistent at 1-km spatial scale, counties and provinces. This research could help integrate multiple ecosystem services across scales and serve as a reference for decision making.
文摘The article discusses the payment for ecosystem or environmental services markets in Brazil with a critical review, based on the ecological economics literature and focused on the concept of co-evolution. It is argued that the mainstream approach which considers ecosystem services as an externality has many shortcomings and fails to consider institutional and political aspects---all very critical for the design and implementation of a PES （Payment for ecosystem services） project or program. The complexity and the diversity of co-evolutionary relations between ecosystem services and socioeconomic activities are spatially or territorially specific. In this sense, different types of PES market have to adapt and coevolve with different ongoing development processes.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871196)The Scientific Research Project in Altay Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(2019-529)。
文摘Altay Prefecture plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in Northwest China.Studying the ecosystem service value is of great significance for promoting regional green high-quality development and maintaining ecological security.Based on Global ESA land cover data from 2000 to 2015,the trade-off and synergy relationships and driving force factors between ecosystem services in Altay Prefecture were analyzed in this study.The analysis produced four main results.(1)The ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture continued to increase from 113.521×10^(9) yuan in 2000 to 115.777×10^(9) yuan in 2015,for an increase of about 1.98%.(2)The distribution of ecosystem service value had obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics,with hot spot areas mainly concentrated in the"two rivers and one lake"and the mountainous areas in the northwest,while the cold spot areas were mainly the forest and grass-covered areas in the northern mountainous areas and within Jimunai County.(3)The trade-off and synergy relationship among ecosystem services was mainly synergistic,with a total of 77.78% of ecosystem service relative relationships showing a significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level.(4)Economic factors and industrial structure are important factors affecting ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture.Ecosystem service value is positively correlated with per capita GDP and the output value of the tertiary industry,but negatively correlated with the output value of the secondary industry.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771115)National Key Basic Research and Development Program(2015CB452706)Guizhou Science and Technology Fund(Guizhou Technology Cooperation Basis 20181116)。
文摘Mountain area accounts for a high proportion of the land area in China,and it is the focal area to solve the contradiction of imbalanced regional development,as well as an important source of ecosystem services.Therefore,this area has been facing long-term pressure and challenges in economic development and ecological protection.In this paper,we selected a rocky desertification mountain area,an active mountain area of new tectonic movement and a typical northern earth-rock mountain area,as Qian-Gui karst Mountain area,Hengduan Mountain area and Taihang Mountain area,as examples to represent three main types of mountain areas.Three representative types of ecosystem services,including NPP(Net Primary Productivity)as a support service,water conservation as a regulation service,and agricultural produce as a supply service,were incorporated into this study.Linear regression,correlation analysis and other methods were then used to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of the trade-offs and synergies in each of the three kinds of mountain areas during 1990-2015 in China.The analysis yielded three main conclusions for the three mountainous areas.(1)The agricultural produce supply service decreased relatively,while the support and regulation services of NPP and hydrological regulation increased significantly.(2)There was a synergistic relationship between NPP and the hydrological regulation services in the three mountainous areas.The synergistic relation in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became enhanced,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas became weakened,and the former was weakened to a greater extent.There was a trade-off between NPP,the hydrological regulation service and the agricultural produce supply service among the three mountainous areas.In particular,the trade-off between NPP and the agricultural produce supply service in Qian-Gui karst Mountain area became weaker,while those in Hengduan and Taihang Mountain areas were enhanced,and the latter was enhanced to a greater degree.(3)Significant spatial differentiation was evident in the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services among the three mountain areas.
