This paper presents cognitive awareness levels of ecosystem services and their consumption by farmers in Guyuan City, which lies in the Jinghe watershed. Household Surveys and Participatory Rural Assessment （PRA） we...This paper presents cognitive awareness levels of ecosystem services and their consumption by farmers in Guyuan City, which lies in the Jinghe watershed. Household Surveys and Participatory Rural Assessment （PRA） were used to determine differences in farmers cognitive awareness levels. The household survey results showed that farmers have a cognitive awareness of 11 ecosystem services： food supply, air purification, environmental purification, soil and water conservation, clean water supply, natural disaster minimization, increasing income, fuel wood supply, aesthetic recreation, fodder supply and sand stabilization. The job-related requirements of a farmers’ daily life, their direct consumption of ecosystem services and the importance of ecosystem services to them all influence their cognitive awareness of ecosystem services. Through group interviews the PRA method can provide the opportunity for information exchange and discussion. The process can help farmers to gain more cognitive awareness of ecosystem services. Large changes in ecosystem services have been observed in the study area. Food production and fuel wood supply have decreased markedly, yet incomes have increased. Spatial and temporal variables, changes in ecosystem services and the level of income all have an impact on farmers’ food supply and resource consumption. Overall, the total consumption of food （cereal and potato） and fuel wood declines for most farmers and consumption of vegetables, meat, coals and gas have increased.展开更多
The study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization,but also provides scientific data support for the establishm...The study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization,but also provides scientific data support for the establishment and planning of China’s aid to Nepal.Based on the data of food consumption and forestry production and trade,this study dynamically investigated the consumption levels,structure and ecological consumption patterns of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal and their main driving forces,using the physical quantity accounting method.The results showed that the total consumption of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal from 1961 to 2018 exhibited a fluctuating increase,with average value of 7.26 Tg yr^(-1),6.38 Tg yr^(-1),1.10 Tg yr^(-1),0.02 Tg yr^(-1) and 14.76 Tg yr^(-1),respectively.The annual per capita forest consumption roughly decreased,while the annual per capita consumption of farmland,grassland,waters and integrated ecosystems mostly increased with their growth rates accelerating.The corresponding ecological consumption patterns were the“Log-Cereal-Milk”mode during 1961-1984,the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Milk-Sugar”mode during 1985-2007 and the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Sugar-Fruit-Milk”mode during 2008-2018.This study indicated that the supply capacity of the ecosystem(production,import and export capacity)and socio-economic factors(population density,per capita GDP and religious beliefs)are the main driving forces that are restricting the evolution of Nepal’s ecological consumption pattern.Although Nepal’s dietary structure has improved significantly,there is still a large gap between it and the standard of a balanced diet.The supply capacities of fruits,meat,eggs,milk and aquatic products should be enhanced to meet people’s demand for a balanced diet.This study can provide data support for the establishment of China’s aid projects to improve Nepal’s livelihood.展开更多
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20010202)The Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi (AA20161002-3)。
基金National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421106)the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KZCX2-EW-306)+1 种基金Special Funds for Sino-EU Cooperation of MOST (0813)National Key Project of Science and Technical Supporting Programs of China (2008BAK50B05)
文摘This paper presents cognitive awareness levels of ecosystem services and their consumption by farmers in Guyuan City, which lies in the Jinghe watershed. Household Surveys and Participatory Rural Assessment （PRA） were used to determine differences in farmers cognitive awareness levels. The household survey results showed that farmers have a cognitive awareness of 11 ecosystem services： food supply, air purification, environmental purification, soil and water conservation, clean water supply, natural disaster minimization, increasing income, fuel wood supply, aesthetic recreation, fodder supply and sand stabilization. The job-related requirements of a farmers’ daily life, their direct consumption of ecosystem services and the importance of ecosystem services to them all influence their cognitive awareness of ecosystem services. Through group interviews the PRA method can provide the opportunity for information exchange and discussion. The process can help farmers to gain more cognitive awareness of ecosystem services. Large changes in ecosystem services have been observed in the study area. Food production and fuel wood supply have decreased markedly, yet incomes have increased. Spatial and temporal variables, changes in ecosystem services and the level of income all have an impact on farmers’ food supply and resource consumption. Overall, the total consumption of food （cereal and potato） and fuel wood declines for most farmers and consumption of vegetables, meat, coals and gas have increased.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20010202)The Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(AA20161002-3)。
文摘The study of ecosystem service consumption(ESC)in Nepal not only helps us to understand the intensity and management level of Nepal’s ecosystem utilization,but also provides scientific data support for the establishment and planning of China’s aid to Nepal.Based on the data of food consumption and forestry production and trade,this study dynamically investigated the consumption levels,structure and ecological consumption patterns of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal and their main driving forces,using the physical quantity accounting method.The results showed that the total consumption of farmland,forest,grassland,water and the integrated ecosystem in Nepal from 1961 to 2018 exhibited a fluctuating increase,with average value of 7.26 Tg yr^(-1),6.38 Tg yr^(-1),1.10 Tg yr^(-1),0.02 Tg yr^(-1) and 14.76 Tg yr^(-1),respectively.The annual per capita forest consumption roughly decreased,while the annual per capita consumption of farmland,grassland,waters and integrated ecosystems mostly increased with their growth rates accelerating.The corresponding ecological consumption patterns were the“Log-Cereal-Milk”mode during 1961-1984,the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Milk-Sugar”mode during 1985-2007 and the“Log-Cereal-Vegetable-Root-Sugar-Fruit-Milk”mode during 2008-2018.This study indicated that the supply capacity of the ecosystem(production,import and export capacity)and socio-economic factors(population density,per capita GDP and religious beliefs)are the main driving forces that are restricting the evolution of Nepal’s ecological consumption pattern.Although Nepal’s dietary structure has improved significantly,there is still a large gap between it and the standard of a balanced diet.The supply capacities of fruits,meat,eggs,milk and aquatic products should be enhanced to meet people’s demand for a balanced diet.This study can provide data support for the establishment of China’s aid projects to improve Nepal’s livelihood.
