基于3S技术的生态森林资源管理模式研究

对国家生态森林资源管理和社区森林资源管理进行分析,利用3 S技术信息对生态环境的森林资源进行定量化研究,并分析生态森林资源的数据估测数量化特征,计算生态森林资源图像数据占数据库子系统内存的百分比,制作生态森林资源的植被分布图,使每一部分的植被均有联系,分析森林资源管理时产生的问题,调查生态森林资源土地的面积,实时监控生态森林资源出现的问题,并对其进行解决,通过生态森林资源的数据传输和对林型覆盖率的分析完成对生态森林资源的管理。

集体森林资源生态产权界定研究

在十八大提出"五位一体"战略布局以及《生态文明体制改革总体方案》对生态文明领域的制度创新和改革事项顶层设计和部署背景下,从自然资源的外部性等特点、森林资源在生态系统中的重要性及我国集体林权制度改革的现实基础出发,探讨以集体森林资源生态产权界定为突破点,建立健全自然资源产权制度建设的意义和可行性,并提出主要对策。

森林资源与林业生态工程信息网格中空间处理服务的构建与应用

从一般计算型网格和数据型网格的概念和特性出发,结合森林资源与林业生态工程信息网格(数字林业网格)中数据的特点,提出一种森林资源与林业生态工程信息网格中空间处理服务实现的方法。通过讨论广域异构环境下构建森林资源与林业生态工程信息网格的原则和标准体系,给出森林资源与林业生态工程信息网格的体系结构,讨论矢量数据服务的网格注册、网格发现和网格传输,各种GIS服务的网格封装策略和实现方法以及构成森林资源与林业生态工程信息网格的任务调度问题。通过退耕还林工程潜力分析的应用来验证从核心基础网格扩展成森林资源与林业生态工程信息网格的可行性。

九连山森林资源生态效益定位研究站

该站为中国科学院综考会与江西省森林厅合作建站,筹建于1982年。 该站设在赣南龙南县南部、与广东省接壤的九连山自然保护区内。该保护区由于过去交通不便,破坏很少,而且岩石属浅变质浅系,所以在低海拔(400—600米)

基层森林资源管理工作中的问题及对策

随着全球对生态环境保护的日益增强,森林资源作为地球生态系统的重要组成部分,其保护与管理工作愈发显得重要而紧迫。基层森林资源管理作为森林资源保护的前沿阵地,直接关系到森林资源的可持续利用和生态环境的平衡稳定。但在实际工作中,基层森林资源管理面临诸多挑战与问题,制约了森林资源的有效保护,也影响了生态安全和社会经济的可持续发展。本文旨在梳理基层森林资源管理工作中的主要问题,提出一系列针对性强、操作性好的对策建议,以期为基层森林资源管理工作提供有益参考和借鉴。

基于遥感的层次分析法和模糊数学模型综合评价森林资源生态适宜性

论文选取2000、2006年时相相近的TM遥感影像作为山东黄河流域的基本数据源,采用监督分类法、专家分类法进行森林资源的分类和验证,运用层次分析和模糊数学法建立森林资源生态适宜性综合评价模型。结果表明,流域的森林资源分布极不均匀,济南、泰安、莱芜的森林覆盖率超过30%,其它地市只有15%。森林资源生态适宜性方面,泰安市优,济南市和莱芜市良,淄博市、滨州市、菏泽市、东营市和德州市中等,济宁市和聊城市较差。6 a间,泰安市的森林资源生态适宜性评价由良好到优秀,济南市和莱芜市的评价得分值虽然都较高,但是,济南市朝好的方向发展,相反,莱芜市的得分值不升反降。淄博市、滨州市、菏泽市、东营市和德州市的得分值虽然没有达到良好标准,但其变好的趋势非常明显,济宁市和聊城市相对较差。

福建省绿色GDP核算研究及应用

通过构建虚拟治理成本、水土流失和森林资源生态价值核算模型,对传统GDP进行调整,结果表明,福建省2009年绿色GDP为13041.56亿元,其中核算出的环境损失(污染虚拟治理成本)占绿色GDP的0.08%,2010年的经济增长中仅有0.08%是以牺牲自身环境资源取得,可见福建省对环境污染的治理水平较高,水土流失损失价值占绿色GDP的0.58%高于环境污染占绿色GDP的比值,福建省还需加大对水土流失的治理力度。森林资源生态效益的总价值使传统的GDP增长了6.58%,占绿色GDP的6.83%,福建省森林的生态价值巨大。

Problems and countermeasures on restoration of forest ecological environment of Jilin Province

Jilin Province is one of major forest regions of China. This paper analyzed the existing conditions and tendency in forest ecological restoration of the province and revealed the confronting problems in ecology and economy. The authors divided Jilin Province into three ecological economic zones, including nid-west farming and stockbreeding area, east hilly diversified-operation area, and Changbai Mountain national forest area, and discussed the direction and tasks of forest ecological restoration of each zone. Some Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for restoration of forest ecology of the province.

Forestland prediction of China based on forest ecosystem services for the first half of 21st century

A new model was developed to predict forestland demand of China during the years of 2010-2050 in terms of the concept of forest ecosystem services. On the basis of the relationship between forest ecosystem services and classified forest management, we hypothesized that the ecological-forest provides ecological services, whereas commercial-forest supplies wood and timber production, and the influences of the growth of population, social-economic development target, forest management methods and the technology changes on forest resources were also taken into account. The prediction reveals that the demand of total forestland of China will be 244.8, 261.2 and 362.2 million ha by the year 2010, 2020 and 2050, respectively. The results demonstrated that China will be confronted with a shortage of forest resources, especially with lack of ecological-oriented forests, in the future. It is suggested that sustainable management of forest resources must be reinforced and more attention should be drown no enhancing the service function of forest ecosystem.

四川省绿色GDP核算模型构建及其应用

文章通过构建虚拟治理成本和森林资源生态价值核算模型,对传统GDP进行调整,结果表明:四川省2004年绿色GDP为7581.39亿元,绿色GDP指数为115.64,其中量化的环境损失(污染虚拟治理成本)占绿色GDP的1.04%,即当年的经济增长中有1.04%是以牺牲自身环境资源取得的;而森林资源生态效益的总价值达925亿元,使传统的GDP增长了16.84%,占绿色GDP的14.57%,生态价值巨大。文章还针对上述核算结果提出了一些降低污染和保护森林资源的相应对策。

Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan's Mountain Forests

Using political ecology as its conceptual framework,this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan’s walnut-fruit forests over the last century. The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side,their interests and demands,and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management — and even the recognition of different forest products as resources — are connected with political and socio-economic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique,characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products;and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule,when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era,a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly,which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions,but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present,the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate,which has resulted in the forests’ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization,increased communication and trans-regional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today,walnut wood and burls,walnuts,wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless,it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors — the present transformation and globalization processes,the appearance of new actors,the local population’s insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions — are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests,resulting in their degradation.

Effects of Afforestation on Carbon Storage in Boyang Lake Basin,China

By using field survey data from the sixth forest inventory of Jiangxi Province in 2003,the biomass and carbon storage for three studied species(Pinus massoniana,Cunninghamia lanceolata,and Pinus elliottii)were estimated in Taihe and Xingguo counties of Boyang Lake Basin,Jiangxi Province,China.The relationship between carbon density and forest age was analyzed by logistic equations.Spatio-temporal dynamics of forest biomass and carbon storage in 1985–2003 were also described.The results show that total stand area of the three forest species was 3.10×105ha,total biomass 22.20 Tg,vegetation carbon storage 13.07 Tg C,and average carbon density 42.36 Mg C/ha in the study area in 2003.Carbon storage by forest type in descending order was:P.massoniana,C.lanceolata and P.elliottii.Carbon storage by forest age group in descending order was:middle stand,young stand,near-mature stand and mature stand.Carbon storage by plantation forests was 1.89 times higher than that by natural forests.Carbon density of the three species increased 8.58 Mg C/ha during the study period.The carbon density of Taihe County was higher in the east and west,and lower in the middle.The carbon density of Xingguo County was higher in the northeast and lower in the middle.In general,the carbon density increased with altitude and gradient.Afforestation projects contribute significantly to increasing stand area and carbon storage.Appropriate forest management may improve the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems.

Biomass Carbon Storage and Its Sequestration Potential of Afforestation under Natural Forest Protection Program in China

Based on the data from China′s Seventh Forest Inventory for the period of 2004–2008, area and stand volume of different types and age-classes of plantation were used to establish the relationship between biomass density and age of planted forests in different regions of the country. Combined with the plantation area in the first-stage of the Natural Forest Protection(NFP) program(1998–2010), this study calculated the biomass carbon storage of the afforestation in the first-stage of the program. On this basis, the carbon sequestration potential of these forests was estimated for the second stage of the program(2011–2020). Biomass carbon storage of plantation established in the first stage of the program was 33.67 Tg C, which was majority accounted by protection forests(30.26 Tg C). There was a significant difference among carbon storage in different regions, which depended on the relationship of biomass carbon density, forest age and plantation area. Under the natural growth, the carbon storage was forecasted to increase annually from 2011 to 2020, reaching 96.03 Tg C at the end of the second-stage of the program in 2020. The annual growth of the carbon storage was forecasted to be 6.24 Tg C/yr, which suggested that NFP program has a significant potential for enhancing carbon sequestration in plantation forests under its domain.

Change in Species Diversity during Recovering Process of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest

Evergreen broad-leaved forestis one of the most important vegetation types in China.Because of the human activities,evergreen broad-leaved forest has been destroyed extensively,leading to degraded ecosystem.It is urgent to conserve and restore these natural forests in China. In this paper,the tendency and rate of species diversity restoration of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Daming Mountain has been studied.The main resultsare as follows:(a)In subtropical mid-mountain area,species diversity in degraded evergreen broad-leaved forestcan be restored. Through analyzing b diversity index of communities in different time and space,it was found that the species composition of communities tend to be the same as that in the zonal evergreen broad-leaved forest.(b)The restoration rate of evergreen broad-leaved forest was very fast.Planting Chinese fir after clear-cutting and controlled burning of the forest,178 species appeared in a 600m^2 sample area after 20 years’natural recovering.Among the sespecies,58 were tree layer and the height of community reached 18m.The survey suggested that it would take only 20 years for the degraded forest to develop into community composed of lightdemanding broad-leaved pioneer trees and min-tolerance broad-leaved trees,and it need another 40~80 years to reach the stage consisting of min-tolerance evergreen broad-leaved trees.(c)Species number increased quickly at the early stage(2-20years)during vegetation recovering process toward the climax,and decreased at the min-stage (50-60 years),then maintained a relatively stable level at the late-stage (over 150 years).

The strategy of ecosystem construction in Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province

The common topic the mankind faces in the 21^st century is to strengthen construction and support the ecological secure. It is also the needs of establlshing socialist harmonious society in China. It is an arduous systematic project in ethnic group regions of China to realize economic and sodal sustainable development,promote the harmony between man and nature andrealize the coordination among the economic development population, natural resources and envinonment To develop ecosystem construction and the green indutry well is the basic path to realize the above goals. Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in Liaoning Province is abundant in forests, especially local products, medicinal materials, tourism resource, water resources and culotte resources. In order to develop its ecosystem, the strategies should be focused on enhancing protection consciousaess, brand consciousness, science and technology consciousoess and market consciousness. The ultimate purpose is to create the top-ranking ecosystem environment, industry system, policy systern and district civilization.

Improved Model for Semideciduous Seasonal ForestProduction of Leaves and Deciduousness

The climate,mainly the water availability and temperature,drives the renewal of biomass inseasonal forest ecosystem,and the greenness and leaf area of its canopy are responsive climate variations.This study verified models to explain the phenomenon of leaf production and deciduousness by time,with LAI（Leaf Area Index）,NDVI（Normalized Difference VegetationIndex）and climate variables,on period 2011-2016. The data were obtained in satellite images and in plots installed at forestmonitoring sites,visited monthly.The analysis incorporated the water balance.Three equations were compared,two alreadypublished and the equation that was adjusted in this work.The model was improved and validated with new variables and data.It is possible to estimate the fall and renew of leaves biomass in semideciduous forests with reasonable precision.

Prediction of Dry Dipterocarp Forest Distribution Using Ecological Niche Model in Ping Basin of Northern Thailand

DDF （dry dipterocarp forest） is importantly deciduous forest type in Thailand since it consists of important tree species for timber products and non-timber products. So, people would like to come to use these products for daily uses in this forest type. The main aim of this study is to evaluate significant biophysical factors for DDF distribution using factor analysis and to model DDF distribution using ENFA （ecological niche factor analysis）. In this study, 13 watersheds of Ping Basin in northern Thailand were selected as the study site based on availability of forest inventory data in 2007 from DNP （Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation）. Basic biophysical data for data analysis included forest inventory data （179 DDF plots）, 10 climatic data, three topographic data, and one soil data. For identification and evaluation of biophysical factors for DDF distribution using factor analysis, the first three factors, namely DDF-1, DDF-2 and DDF-3, had been extracted with 95.35% of total variance. These three components were used to predict DDF distribution based on HS （habitat suitability） with ENFA. In practice, the results were validated with AVI （absolute validation index） and CVI （contrast validation index） with validated forest inventory dataset. This evaluation shows that DDF-2 model is the best HS data consisting of four physical factors （mean annually temperature, mean monthly maximum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature, and elevation）, which is able to effectively used for habitat suitability for DDF distribution prediction. It was found that habitat suitability for DDF distribution can be classified into four classes including high suitable habitat, moderate suitable habitat, low suitable habitat, and unsuitable habitat. As a result, DDF distributions with high suitable habitat are highly related with DDF forest inventory plots of DNP. Thus, the obtained output can be further used for DDF rehabilitation according to climate and topographic factors.

Carbon storage of bamboo forest ecosystem in China

National forest inventory materials and data from China Forest Ecosystem Location Research Network （CFERN） were obtained for estimating four periods of carbon storage of Bamboo forest ecosystem from 1977 to 2003 in China. The spatial and temporal patterns, vertical distribution and potential carbon storage of the bamboo forest ecosystem were analyzed. The results showed that carbon storage of Chinese bamboo forest ecosystem was 537.6 Mt C during 1977 and 1981, 598.61 Mt C during 1984 and 1988, 710.14 Mt C during 1994 and 1998, and 837.92 Mt C during 1999 and 2003. It showed that the carbon storage was increasing during that time. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong and Sichuan were the major carbon pools in China, with the percentages of carbon storage between 80.04 and 83.13 percent in all. The percentages of carbon storage of vegetation, litter, and soil were between 23.85 and 24.48 percent, between 0.92 and 0.96 percent, and between 74.56 and 75.23 percent respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the carbon storage in different layers were similar vertically. Carbon storage was 837.92 Mt C from 1999 to 2003, and it will be increased to 947.54 Mt C after one age period with a rate of 54.81Mt carbons stored in ecosystem every year.

Preliminary Estimation of Soil Carbon Sequestration of China’s Forests during 1999–2008

The National Forest Inventory(NFI)is an important resource for estimating the national carbon balance(These data were unpublished data,and we could only obtain the data before 2008 through data search by now).Based on the data from sample plots,the literature,and NFI,as well as the relationships between volume,biomass,annual litterfall and soil respiration of different forest types,the net ecosystem production(NEP),changes in forest biomass carbon storage(△Cbiomass)and non-respiratory losses(NR)of China’s forests during 1999-2008 were estimated,and the forest soil carbon sequestration(△Csoil)was assessed according to the carbon balance principle of the forest ecosystem(△Csoil=NEP-NR-△Cbiomass).The results showed that the total NEP,△Cbiomass,NR and△Csoil values for China’s forests were 157.530,48.704,31.033 and 77.793 Tg C yr^(-1) respectively,and average NEP,△Cbiomass,NR,and△Csoil values were 101.247,31.303,19.945 and 49.999 g C m^(-2) yr^(-1) respectively.There were large spatial differences in forest soil carbon sequestration in different parts of China.The forest soil in Jiangxi,Hunan,Zhejiang,Fujian,Anhui,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Guangxi and Liaoning served as carbon sources and the carbon released was about 25.507 Tg C yr^(-1).The other 22 provinces served as carbon sinks and the average carbon sequestration by forest soil came to 103.300 Tg C yr^(-1).This research established a method for evaluating soil carbon sequestration by China’s forests based on the NFI,which is a useful supplement to current statistical data-based studies on the forest ecosystem carbon cycle,and can promote comparable studies on forest soil carbon sequestration with consistent research methods at the regional scale.

Carbon carry capacity and carbon sequestration potential in China based on an integrated analysis of mature forest biomass

Forests play an important role in acting as a carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystem.Although global forests have huge carbon carrying capacity(CCC)and carbon sequestration potential(CSP),there were few quantification reports on Chinese forests.We collected and compiled a forest biomass dataset of China,a total of 5841 sites,based on forest inventory and literature search results.From the dataset we extracted 338 sites with forests aged over 80 years,a threshold for defining mature forest,to establish the mature forest biomass dataset.After analyzing the spatial pattern of the carbon density of Chinese mature forests and its controlling factors,we used carbon density of mature forests as the reference level,and conservatively estimated the CCC of the forests in China by interpolation methods of Regression Kriging,Inverse Distance Weighted and Partial Thin Plate Smoothing Spline.Combining with the sixth National Forest Resources Inventory,we also estimated the forest CSP.The results revealed positive relationships between carbon density of mature forests and temperature,precipitation and stand age,and the horizontal and elevational patterns of carbon density of mature forests can be well predicted by temperature and precipitation.The total CCC and CSP of the existing forests are 19.87 and 13.86 Pg C,respectively.Subtropical forests would have more CCC and CSP than other biomes.Consequently,relying on forests to uptake carbon by decreasing disturbance on forests would be an alternative approach for mitigating greenhouse gas concentration effects besides afforestation and reforestation.