以"传播新知识、交流新思想、展示新成果"为宗旨的中国生态大讲堂百期学术演讲暨2014年春季研讨会于2014年4月25日在北京举行。本次研讨会以"国际重大研究计划与中国生态系统研究展望"为主题,邀请秦大河、姚檀栋、...以"传播新知识、交流新思想、展示新成果"为宗旨的中国生态大讲堂百期学术演讲暨2014年春季研讨会于2014年4月25日在北京举行。本次研讨会以"国际重大研究计划与中国生态系统研究展望"为主题,邀请秦大河、姚檀栋、傅伯杰、崔鹏4位中国科学院院士和马克平、于贵瑞、张佳宝、秦伯强4位知名专家作了主题报告。8位报告人分别介绍了政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)、未来地球(Future Earth)、第三极环境(Third Pole Environment)、国际长期生态监测研究网络(ILTER)、生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学—政策平台(IPBES)、生物多样性计划(DIVERSITAS)、通量观测研究计划(FluxNet)等国际重大研究计划的进展和趋势,并就山洪泥石流风险分析与管理、碳通量空间格局及生物地理生态学机制、农田地力提升和湖泊富营养化治理等领域的前沿科学问题和研究进展作了系统阐释。基于8位报告人的演讲,本文评述了8个报告的主要内容和亮点工作,分析了国际生态环境领域重大国际研究计划的发展趋势及其对中国生态系统研究的启示,讨论了中国相关领域的科学研究方向和主要问题。展开更多
运用CNKI和ISI Web of Knowledge两大数据库的文献计量分析工具,统计了1981年到2010年间在中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站开展科学研究的科技论文发表情况。结果表明:所检索到的过去30年发表的论文为1 151篇,其中中文论文920篇、英...运用CNKI和ISI Web of Knowledge两大数据库的文献计量分析工具,统计了1981年到2010年间在中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站开展科学研究的科技论文发表情况。结果表明:所检索到的过去30年发表的论文为1 151篇,其中中文论文920篇、英文论文231。1981-2010年,年度发表论文数量呈稳步增长趋势,2001年以前发表的科技论文主要以中文论文为主,2001年以后英文论文数量逐年增加,年均增长速度为22.4%;中文论文2005年达到高峰后逐年减少。论文作者单位主要集中在河北、北京、山东等地,与国外合作单位主要集中在日本、美国。论文的关键词出现频率较高的为:小麦、水分利用效率、玉米、产量、土壤水分等。开展研究所得到的资助项目主要以国家科研计划项目和中国科学院科研计划项目为主,其次为地方科研计划项目,国际合作项目相对较少。论文发表的期刊来源主要为:《中国生态农业学报》、《干旱地区农业研究》、《华北农学报》、《Hydrological Processes》、《Agricultural Water Management》、《Plant,Soil and Environment》、《Irrigation Science》。发表论文的平均引用次数为5.6次,引用次数超过100次的论文为6篇,引用次数超过50次的论文为34篇。展开更多
A normalized full-length cDNA library was constructed from the coralloid roots of Cycas debaoensis by the DSN （duplex-specific nuclease） normalization method combined with the SMART （Switching Mechanism At 5＇ end ...A normalized full-length cDNA library was constructed from the coralloid roots of Cycas debaoensis by the DSN （duplex-specific nuclease） normalization method combined with the SMART （Switching Mechanism At 5＇ end of the RNA Transcript） technique. The titer of the original cDNA library was about 1.5 × 10^6 cfu·mL^-1 and the average insertion size was about 1 kb with a high recombination rate （97%）. The 5011 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were obtained from 5393 randomly picked cDNA clones. Clustering and assembly of ESTs resulted in 2984 unique sequences, consisting of 618 contigs and 2366 singlets. EST sequence annotation revealed that 2333 and 1901 unigenes were functionally anno- tated in the NCBI non-redundant database and Swiss-Prot protein database, respectively. Functional analysis demonstrated that 1495 （50.1%） unigenes were associated with 4082 Gene Ontology （GO） terms. A total of 847 unigenes were grouped into 22 Cluster of Orthologous Groups （COG） functional categories. Based on the EST dataset, 22 ESTs that encoded putative receptor-like protein kinase （RLK） genes were screened. Furthermore, a total of 94 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were discovered, of which 20 loci were successfully amplified in C debaoensis. This study is the first EST analysis for the coralloid roots of C debaoensis and provides a valuable genomic resource for novel gene discovery, gene expression and comparative genomics, conservation and management studies as well as applications in C debaoensis and related cycad species.展开更多
The Chinese government adopted six ecological restoration programs to improve its natural environments. Although these programs have proven successful in improving local environments, some studies have questioned thei...The Chinese government adopted six ecological restoration programs to improve its natural environments. Although these programs have proven successful in improving local environments, some studies have questioned their performance when regions suffer from drought. Whether we should consider the effects of drought on vegetation change in assessments of the benefits of ecological restoration programs is unclear. Therefore, taking the Grain for Green Program(GGP) region as a study area, we estimated vegetation growth in the region from 2000–2010 to clarify the trends in vegetation and their driving forces. Results showed that: 1) vegetation growth increased in the GGP region during 2000–2010, with 59.4% of the area showing an increase in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI). This confirmed the benefits of the ecological restoration program. 2) Drought can affect the vegetation change trend, but human activity plays a significant role in altering vegetation growth, and the slight downward trend in the NDVI was not consistent with the severity of the drought. Positive human activity led to increased NDVI in 89.13% of areas. Of these, 22.52% suffered drought, but positive human activity offset the damage in part. 3) Results of this research suggest that appropriate human activity can maximize the benefits of ecological restoration programs and minimize the effects of extreme weather. We therefore recommend incorporating eco-risk assessment and scientific management mechanisms in the design and management of ecosystem restoration programs.展开更多
One of the most interesting outcomes from the recent collaboration between natural and social scientists is the concept of resilience, which imported from engineering to ecology. The problem with that concept is that ...One of the most interesting outcomes from the recent collaboration between natural and social scientists is the concept of resilience, which imported from engineering to ecology. The problem with that concept is that it is hard if not impossible to get simple measures for resilience as far as social-ecological systems are complex ones. Using a system dynamics model, the author shows that, for assessing resilience of systems like irrigation systems, it probably helps to see the process of resilience loss as a systemic one, in which dynamics is given by positive self-reinforcing loops, like the one we have labeled in this paper--the death spiral. The author also presents a list of symptoms of collapse in irrigation systems, in order to assess the resilience of those systems, and suggest some future avenues of research on the subject.展开更多
Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is deriv...Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is derived from an extension of governance analyses of 163 watershed-based PES （payments for ecosystem services） programs, and from the integrative decision mechanism of IPES （integrated payments for ecosystem services） to generalize the PES approach. PES-W reflects three interrelated perspectives fundamental to the global science of integrated water governance： （1） the ecological and economic perspective to integrate human incentives for integrated water resources governance; （2） the sociological and ecological perspective to form partnerships for meta-monitoring and recta-funding for integrated watershed governance; and （3） the scientific and sociological perspective to develop organizing botmdaries based on technology, lifestyle, entrepreneurship and organizing infrastructure for integrated aquatic ecosystem governance. This study is intended to communicate with the international scientific communities for establishing an advanced, academic, and practical multidisciplinary field of the global science of integrated water governance as a critical condition for sustainable development in human societies.展开更多
The pioneer technical policy carried out by Federal State Institution ＂Novorossiysk Maritime Port Administration＂ in mutual cooperation with the Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences on control a...The pioneer technical policy carried out by Federal State Institution ＂Novorossiysk Maritime Port Administration＂ in mutual cooperation with the Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences on control and management of ballast waters and ecosystem monitoring of marine environment in areas of ballast water discharge provides the task of complex approach for minimization of risk of introduction of biologically negative invaders by marine transport and preservation of biodiversity of the Black Sea.展开更多
Today mankind is in a transition period to a new knowledge age. Both China and Germany entered the knowledge society at different times and under quite different circumstances. At the start of the 21 st century, howev...Today mankind is in a transition period to a new knowledge age. Both China and Germany entered the knowledge society at different times and under quite different circumstances. At the start of the 21 st century, however, both countries are faced with similar challenges and are展开更多
文摘以"传播新知识、交流新思想、展示新成果"为宗旨的中国生态大讲堂百期学术演讲暨2014年春季研讨会于2014年4月25日在北京举行。本次研讨会以"国际重大研究计划与中国生态系统研究展望"为主题,邀请秦大河、姚檀栋、傅伯杰、崔鹏4位中国科学院院士和马克平、于贵瑞、张佳宝、秦伯强4位知名专家作了主题报告。8位报告人分别介绍了政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)、未来地球(Future Earth)、第三极环境(Third Pole Environment)、国际长期生态监测研究网络(ILTER)、生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学—政策平台(IPBES)、生物多样性计划(DIVERSITAS)、通量观测研究计划(FluxNet)等国际重大研究计划的进展和趋势,并就山洪泥石流风险分析与管理、碳通量空间格局及生物地理生态学机制、农田地力提升和湖泊富营养化治理等领域的前沿科学问题和研究进展作了系统阐释。基于8位报告人的演讲,本文评述了8个报告的主要内容和亮点工作,分析了国际生态环境领域重大国际研究计划的发展趋势及其对中国生态系统研究的启示,讨论了中国相关领域的科学研究方向和主要问题。
文摘运用CNKI和ISI Web of Knowledge两大数据库的文献计量分析工具,统计了1981年到2010年间在中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站开展科学研究的科技论文发表情况。结果表明:所检索到的过去30年发表的论文为1 151篇,其中中文论文920篇、英文论文231。1981-2010年,年度发表论文数量呈稳步增长趋势,2001年以前发表的科技论文主要以中文论文为主,2001年以后英文论文数量逐年增加,年均增长速度为22.4%;中文论文2005年达到高峰后逐年减少。论文作者单位主要集中在河北、北京、山东等地,与国外合作单位主要集中在日本、美国。论文的关键词出现频率较高的为:小麦、水分利用效率、玉米、产量、土壤水分等。开展研究所得到的资助项目主要以国家科研计划项目和中国科学院科研计划项目为主,其次为地方科研计划项目,国际合作项目相对较少。论文发表的期刊来源主要为:《中国生态农业学报》、《干旱地区农业研究》、《华北农学报》、《Hydrological Processes》、《Agricultural Water Management》、《Plant,Soil and Environment》、《Irrigation Science》。发表论文的平均引用次数为5.6次,引用次数超过100次的论文为6篇,引用次数超过50次的论文为34篇。
基金supported by the Grant(201522)from Shenzhen Urban Management
文摘A normalized full-length cDNA library was constructed from the coralloid roots of Cycas debaoensis by the DSN （duplex-specific nuclease） normalization method combined with the SMART （Switching Mechanism At 5＇ end of the RNA Transcript） technique. The titer of the original cDNA library was about 1.5 × 10^6 cfu·mL^-1 and the average insertion size was about 1 kb with a high recombination rate （97%）. The 5011 high-quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were obtained from 5393 randomly picked cDNA clones. Clustering and assembly of ESTs resulted in 2984 unique sequences, consisting of 618 contigs and 2366 singlets. EST sequence annotation revealed that 2333 and 1901 unigenes were functionally anno- tated in the NCBI non-redundant database and Swiss-Prot protein database, respectively. Functional analysis demonstrated that 1495 （50.1%） unigenes were associated with 4082 Gene Ontology （GO） terms. A total of 847 unigenes were grouped into 22 Cluster of Orthologous Groups （COG） functional categories. Based on the EST dataset, 22 ESTs that encoded putative receptor-like protein kinase （RLK） genes were screened. Furthermore, a total of 94 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were discovered, of which 20 loci were successfully amplified in C debaoensis. This study is the first EST analysis for the coralloid roots of C debaoensis and provides a valuable genomic resource for novel gene discovery, gene expression and comparative genomics, conservation and management studies as well as applications in C debaoensis and related cycad species.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0504701)Science and Technology Service Network Initiative Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.GK201703053)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M623114)
文摘The Chinese government adopted six ecological restoration programs to improve its natural environments. Although these programs have proven successful in improving local environments, some studies have questioned their performance when regions suffer from drought. Whether we should consider the effects of drought on vegetation change in assessments of the benefits of ecological restoration programs is unclear. Therefore, taking the Grain for Green Program(GGP) region as a study area, we estimated vegetation growth in the region from 2000–2010 to clarify the trends in vegetation and their driving forces. Results showed that: 1) vegetation growth increased in the GGP region during 2000–2010, with 59.4% of the area showing an increase in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI). This confirmed the benefits of the ecological restoration program. 2) Drought can affect the vegetation change trend, but human activity plays a significant role in altering vegetation growth, and the slight downward trend in the NDVI was not consistent with the severity of the drought. Positive human activity led to increased NDVI in 89.13% of areas. Of these, 22.52% suffered drought, but positive human activity offset the damage in part. 3) Results of this research suggest that appropriate human activity can maximize the benefits of ecological restoration programs and minimize the effects of extreme weather. We therefore recommend incorporating eco-risk assessment and scientific management mechanisms in the design and management of ecosystem restoration programs.
文摘One of the most interesting outcomes from the recent collaboration between natural and social scientists is the concept of resilience, which imported from engineering to ecology. The problem with that concept is that it is hard if not impossible to get simple measures for resilience as far as social-ecological systems are complex ones. Using a system dynamics model, the author shows that, for assessing resilience of systems like irrigation systems, it probably helps to see the process of resilience loss as a systemic one, in which dynamics is given by positive self-reinforcing loops, like the one we have labeled in this paper--the death spiral. The author also presents a list of symptoms of collapse in irrigation systems, in order to assess the resilience of those systems, and suggest some future avenues of research on the subject.
文摘Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is derived from an extension of governance analyses of 163 watershed-based PES （payments for ecosystem services） programs, and from the integrative decision mechanism of IPES （integrated payments for ecosystem services） to generalize the PES approach. PES-W reflects three interrelated perspectives fundamental to the global science of integrated water governance： （1） the ecological and economic perspective to integrate human incentives for integrated water resources governance; （2） the sociological and ecological perspective to form partnerships for meta-monitoring and recta-funding for integrated watershed governance; and （3） the scientific and sociological perspective to develop organizing botmdaries based on technology, lifestyle, entrepreneurship and organizing infrastructure for integrated aquatic ecosystem governance. This study is intended to communicate with the international scientific communities for establishing an advanced, academic, and practical multidisciplinary field of the global science of integrated water governance as a critical condition for sustainable development in human societies.
文摘The pioneer technical policy carried out by Federal State Institution ＂Novorossiysk Maritime Port Administration＂ in mutual cooperation with the Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences on control and management of ballast waters and ecosystem monitoring of marine environment in areas of ballast water discharge provides the task of complex approach for minimization of risk of introduction of biologically negative invaders by marine transport and preservation of biodiversity of the Black Sea.
文摘Today mankind is in a transition period to a new knowledge age. Both China and Germany entered the knowledge society at different times and under quite different circumstances. At the start of the 21 st century, however, both countries are faced with similar challenges and are
