关于城市森林生态系统规划的思考

城市森林生态系统规划是生态景观学的原理在城市建设中的应用,对传统的城市绿地 系统规划理论和实践进行修正。城市森林生态系统规划需要分析城市区域的自然、社会、经济、 历史,尤其是自然资源与人文资源的特色。针对城市绿地系统现状,提出城市森林生态系统规划 的理念与构建方法。

模糊两阶段优化方法应用于东营市生态系统规划

东营市经济主要以石油化工产业为主,其占据大量的土地资源,产生大量污染物,对于当地的生态系统可持续发展产生了极大的负面影响。土地交易机制是一种有效的规划方法,其可促进土地的使用价值从低向高转变。在实际的生态系统管理规划中,由于不可避免的误差、数据缺失而使输入参数具有不确定性,这将使确定的优化方法受到限制。将采用模糊两阶段优化方法处理系统中的模糊和随机不确定信息;同时将交易机制引入到区域生态系统规划中,通过对交易模式和不交易模式的对比,得到两种模式下的土地交易量、生态服务价值以及工业污染物排放量等。结果表明交易模式适合当前东营市生态系统的可持续发展战略;方法的提出可作为分析和处理系统中不确定性的一种有效的工具。此外,定量分析能够帮助决策者更深入的分析生态服务价值和经济效益之间的关系。本研究通过区域生态系统的土地交易机制,探索可持续发展途径,为当地的经济、生态发展提供可行性建议。

农牧交错带生态系统恢复科技发展规划

我国农牧交错带是农耕产业与牧养产业交汇的地带,是长期历史演变过程中两种文明相互交融所形成的特殊的民族经济地理区域.其地理位置大致从大兴安岭东麓的夏绿阔叶林地区,经辽河上游、阴山山脉、鄂尔多斯高原、祁连山东段至青藏高原东南缘,形成一个弧形的狭长地带.跨越12个省(自治区)的160个县(旗、市),总面积约116.74万平方公里,其中草地面积57.47万平方公里,耕地面积约5.19万平方公里.

现代生态型工业园区规划与建设的探索及思考

本文结合笔者多年城市规划实践,在生态型工业园区规划与建设进行了审视思考的基础上,从生态型工业园区生态作用系统、产业生态系统规划、生态型工业园区补链项目的规划及综合效益分析预测等方面详细阐述了循环经济理念下的现代生态型工业园区规划与建设要点,并进行了总结。

省运会对扬州城市规划建设的影响研究

就体育赛事对城市规划建设的推动进行分析、研究,得出体育赛事的举办可以完善城市基础设施建设,同时会带动城市旧城改造与新城建设,引导城市结构调整与功能转型。此外,城市管理者以承办体育赛事为契机,对城市自然生态系统和人文生态系统进行改善升级,并以此为评价标准,分析扬州在筹备期间的政策导向和具体举措。在此基础上,针对体育赛事举办过程中可能出现的城市空间、场馆规划不合理等问题提出可行性建议。

国外绿色基础设施最新研究及实践

从影响因子较高的国外景观生态学类期刊中,以“greeninfrastructure”为主题提取了近十年的相关文献,统计分析得到最新研究的三大方向:可持续雨洪管理、气候适宜性变化、城市生态系统规划;然后对这三个方向的内容进行了梳理,并列举了相应的研究案例;最后归纳出国外绿色基础设施实施特点并揭示了对中国相关实践的启示。

Ecological Planning for Urban Green Space System——A Case Study of Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone

Based on overview of development history and research advances of do- mestic and foreign urban green space system planning, this paper made clear rele- vant concepts of the urban green space system. Urban green space system is a key region for protecting ecological resources. Taking Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example, on the basis of in-depth survey, it made a systematic study on green space system planning combining current situa- tions of green space and regional spatial characteristics of Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone. It discussed how to restore and build urban green space system, protect ecological environment, and promote regional economic de- velopment and harmony between human and nature through design of ecological technologies and landscape in the ecological planning of urban green space system.

Combination of Ecoprofile and Least-cost Model for Eco-network Planning

The protecting requirements and functional connectivity of species in isolated habitat patches are crucial factors of eco-network planning.This study aimed to improve the method of eco-network planning for species conservation.Ecoprofiling was used to group the species by similar behavior types,namely,choice of ecosystem,area requirement,and short distance dispersal abilities.A least-cost model was used to simulate the optimal corridor location to maintain functional connectivity.A combination of ecoprofile and least-cost model was hired to develop an eco-network that promoted species conservation.A case study was also conducted in Beijing,China.In addition to the required ecosystem,habitat area is an important parameter for habitat extraction.Habitat area can remove noise habitat patches because of lacking area.Short-distance dispersal can be used to identify corridor requirements and avoid unnecessary building requirements.Species with various dispersal abilities exhibit significant differences in terms of corridor length and location requirement.Habitat isolation is the main threat for weakly mobile species,and habitat loss is the major risk of mobile species protection.Different species groups also exhibit distinct landscape pattern demands for an eco-network,and the eco-network planning based on specific species can not protect other species.We proposed that a combination of ecoprofile and least-cost model improved the efficiency of species conservation by eco-network planning.

Optimizing Hotspot Areas for Ecological Planning and Management Based on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

The significance of biodiversity and ecosystem services are gradually recognized by human as an approach towards sustainability, so it is important to understand relationships and congruence between them to support conservation planning, especially in the hotspot areas with a prominent role in conservation. However, the management of most conservation hotspots mainly focused on biodiversity, and rarely concerned with ecosystem services. With the aim of proposing criteria for conservation strategies that contribute to the optimization of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in this study, a Geographic Information System(GIS)-based approach was designed to estimate and map the biodiversity and ecosystem services in Chongqing Municipality of China. Furthermore, the distributions of hotspot areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services were mapped based on the relationship between cumulative ecosystem services and areas. Finally the statistical analysis was processed focused on specific conservation objectives. The results showed that hotspot areas can conserve the most biodiversity but with the least ecosystem services under the conservation plans target to biodiversity conservation. In contrast, depending on the ecosystem services of interest, hotspot areas can conserve the largest ecosystem services but with the least biodiversity. By integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into conservation plan, we found that the conservation and regeneration of these small areas, would contribute to a conservation of 44% of the biodiversity hotspot and 14%–42% of the ecosystem services hotspot. Moreover, the current nature reserve selection was not maximize the biodiversity and ecosystem services compared to integration strategy, indicating that hotspot areas conservation and selection is vital for optimization protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and has practical significance for natural resources and ecosystem management.

A Preliminary Application of the Differential Evolution Algorithm to Calculate the CNOP

A projected skill is adopted by use of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm to calculate a conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP). The CNOP is the maximal value of a constrained optimization problem with a constraint condition, such as a ball constraint. The success of the DE algorithm lies in its ability to handle a non-differentiable and nonlinear cost function. In this study, the DE algorithm and the traditional optimization algorithms used to obtain the CNOPs are compared by analyzing a theoretical grassland ecosystem model and a dynamic global vegetation model. This study shows that the CNOPs generated by the DE algorithm are similar to those by the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm and the spectral projected gradients (SPG2) algorithm. If the cost function is non-differentiable, the CNOPs could also be caught with the DE algorithm. The numerical results suggest the DE algorithm can be employed to calculate the CNOP, especially when the cost function is non-differentiable.

Wheeled foot quadruped robot HITAN-I

In view of the robot running environment, the structure of wheeled foot and quadruped are adopted in this robot system, which combines the priorities of both wheeled robot and legged robot. Based on CAN bus, the two-class robot control system using multiple controllers and drivers is constructed. At the same time, serial inverse kinematics of swaying leg and parallel inverse kinematics of supporting legs are analyzed independently. The forward gait and turning gait are planned and experiment image is given at last.

Exploitation of the Lakeshore Districts under the Guidance of Healthy Lake Concept——The Case of the Wutong Lake Eco-city Project

On the basis of the concept of＂lake ecosystem health＂, the paper proposes that the planning and development of lakeside regions shall be oriented towards the core target of preserving ＂healthy lake＂ and all the construction work in lakeside regions shall be conducted within the ecosystem carrying capacity limits that the lakes can withstand. To achieve this core target, the paper first identifies main indicators describing healthy lake ecosystem and defines the external factors that can influence the health of lake eco-system. Then based on this, two kinds of urban planning methods are proposed to maintain the stability of lake eco-system health through controlling the external factors that can affect the health of lake eco-system. The first is to propose controlling factors in urban planning, such as division of ecological sensitive zones, controlling the development intensity, population capacity and types of industry in the lakeside regions and the second is to construct a monitoring and early warning system for lake eco-system health. The theories and methods mentioned in this paper have been applied to the planning of Wuhan Wutong Lake eco-city.

THE LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTAND PLANNING IN THE CONTROL WATERSHED BY RESERVOIR OF ERLONG MOUNTAIN

Based on the theories of landscape ecology, landscape eco environment in the control watershed by reservoir of Erlong Mountain in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed and assessed by using GIS technique and statistical model of Principal Component Analysis and Spatial Cluster Analysis. It is found that 100.08km2(36%)of the total area is in the state of kilter,85.73km2(31%)of the total area is in the state of general,and 47.26km2(17%)and 15.48km2(16%)is in the relatively poor state and ideal state. According to landscape ecological structure,there are three landscape function areas being planned and designed. 1) Agricultural landscape function area: its developmental direction is tour agriculture and high benefit agriculture. 2) Eco environment protected function area:the direction of development and utilization of this region is to develop vigorously forest for soil and water conservation, and try to increase the rate of vegetation cover. 3) Forest landscape function area: rational cut and utilization of forest resources, space optimization disposal of category of forest, foster of forest and protection of wildwood will become the main development directions for this region. This study trys to provide scientific foundation for ecological restoration of the whole valley and its sustainable development.

Research Summary （2004-2014） on College English Teaching from the Perspective of Dynamic Foreign Language Curriculum Theory

From the perspective of dynamic foreign language curriculum theory, this paper combs, summarizes and reviews the number, contents and topics of the College English Teaching research in China from 2004 to 2014. On the basis of the research above, this paper puts forward the proposal that college curriculum planning, implementation and evaluation should be put into China＇s social, political, economic and cultural backgrounds, and the dynamic ecological system of College English Teaching should be established by using information technology so as to cultivate high-end foreign language talents.

Study on Planning an Ecological Stormwater Regulation System Based on Low Impact Development Mode： A Case Study in China

This paper sets Chaihu Town, Zhongxiang City of Hubei Province as an example, analyzing the ecological and hydrological conditions of Chaihu Town, applying LID （low impact development） mode and putting forward the ecological stormwater regulation system planning strategy which adapts to the development of small towns. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） The ＂three-low＂ development mode is put forward, which means low impact, low cost and low carbon, using this construction mode to minimize the ecological impact, relying on natural green space and water to achieve the function of rainstorm regulation; （2） Through the analysis and calculation of the local amount of precipitation, this paper scientifically calculates the required area of storage water and green space, taking the roads as trunks, green spaces as stems, water as veins, and building the green infrastructure system; （3） The author has been repairing and integrating the original drainage ditches of the planning area, replacing traditional rain drainage pipes, establishing ＂two-loop＂ water network system which aims at the detention and purification of rainwater, maximizing ecological benefit, economic benefit and landscape benefit.

Lower Danube 4D ReconnectionmStrategic Framework for LU/Climate Change Adaptation

Nowadays, about 80% of the Danube floodplain--Romanian sector are embanked and arranged with desiccation works and locally with drainage. Once with increasing pressures on the system and the complexity of the issues, there has been developed a number of mechanisms by which human activity （LU change） influence the stability and services of ecosystems and the need for planning tools are changing rapidly. Motivated by dramatic climatic change in recent decades and especially increased frequency of extreme events--2006 and 2010, the study focused on developing models and scenarios of climatic change, especially those related to land use change and flooding affecting local communities/regions. Thus, in the given circumstances, the best option is to foreseen a policy on the Lower Danube riverbed, followed by a series of advanced tools for exploring the 4D reconnection （longitudinal, lateral, vertical and temporal） and a well prepared monitoring system which alert address to detected threats. 4D reconnection of the lower Danube floodplain will provide a spatial planning tool, developed in accordance with this three features, and built to design, analyse and evaluate long-term policies in an ecological, social, economic and cultural context.

Development of the eco-community planning studies under the concept of low-carbon

Universality of low-carbon eco- city planning measures, Government regulation, as an important planning means to guide urban development urban; it is an allocation mechanism for land and space resource. Low-carbon eco- city planning is especially important for China as it is in a state of rapid economic growth, urbanization acceleration, carbon emissions increase, ecological environment deterioration and intensifying economic transformation. During the process of low-carbon eco-city planning, we must consider the whole range of temporal and spatial distribution of the city and grasp the overall coordination system of time and space. We should regard it as a system of the entire biosphere and regulate urban according to true features of ecosystems, that is in a basically a three-dimensional, integrative compound patterns. We need consider the natural ecological system factors, technological physics factors, economic assets factors, social and cultural factors as well as various humanitarian factors among the urban system structure; consider the impact of the internal and external urban environmental systems; make them interact and influence each other and restrict each other through the planning of the urban system material flow, energy flow, information flow and capital flow; insists the evaluation basic of the healthy development of urbanization and the of exercise macro -control on the dynamic representation＂ of the city development, the ＂qualityrepresentatiou＂ ofthecity＇ s connotation and the air representation＂ of the city state in order to overcome the ＂ urban disease ＂ by development, to reduce the ＂ urban disease ＂ by planning, to treat the ＂ urban disease ＂ by management. Only by bringing the design and control into the scope of long-term planning and governing can we effectively monitor and guide the development and construction of low-carbon eco- towns.

Study on Forecast Scenarios for Simulation of Future Urban Growth in Shenyang City Based on SLEUTH Model

The SLEUTH urban growth model was used to simulate future urban growth patterns and to explore potential environ-mental impacts of urban development under different conditions of development in Shenyang City, China. The SLEUTH model was calibrated with historical data (1988-2004) extracted from a time series of TM satellite images, and the future growth was pro-jected out to 2030 assuming three different policy scenarios: (1) current trends scenario (Scenario CT), (2) regional policy and ur-ban planning scenario (Scenario PP), and (3) environmental protection scenario (Scenario EP). Scenario analysis showed that urban growth would accelerate under all policy scenarios with significant differences in development pattern and sustainability after 2016. Urban development under Scenario CT would lead to substantial loss of resource lands than that under the other two scenarios, and the urban landscape pattern would be increasingly complex and dispersed. In contrast, urban growth under scenario PP and EP would consume less natural resource land and show a relatively compact urban development pattern during the prediction period. This study suggested that it is crucial to take stringent urban planning and management measures to control future urban growth and to protect primary farmland and the support system of urban ecology in Shenyang City. The SLEUTH model is a useful planning tool to guide sustainable utilization of urban land resources to a certain extent.