生态绿植基材在海绵城市中的综合应用研究

本文根据海绵城市的建设理念和要求,通过对生态绿植基材这种能够与植物达到很好相容性的生态混凝土在海绵城市水生态系统中的应用性研究,研究了生态绿植基材在垂直绿化、水体净化等中的应用,结论表明：生态绿植基材完成的垂直绿化墙体相比于单纯的植物垂直绿化墙,能够明显降低周围环境温度,提高周围环境湿度,而且对雨水起到明显的滞留作用,延长了雨水的滞留时间,兼具景观效果;人工浮岛和人工湿地由于生态绿植基材的添加,提高了水体有机碳含量,大量的连通、半连通孔结构有利于生物膜形成,明显改善了水体菌群,相比于传统浮岛和湿地,明显提高了水体各种污染的净化效率,尤其对COD的净化效率有明显的提升。

乡村居住环境生态绿植景观智能规划系统设计

为了提高乡村居住环境中生态绿植景观的规划能力,提出基于视觉特征重构的乡村居住环境中生态绿植景观智能规划设计方法,先对生态绿植景观智能规划的原理进行分析,再采用视觉特征重构方法进行绿植景观图像采集,对采集后的图像进行边缘轮廓特征提取,采用颜色分量融合方法进行绿植景观图像的信息增强处理,给出多分辨景观图像的直觉模糊度集,采用模糊信息聚类方法计算景观的智能规划结果。结合嵌入式ARM技术开发景观智能规划软件,实现景观的智能规划。仿真结果表明,该系统对生态绿植景观进行规划设计较为智能,自动规划能力较强。

城市生态园林绿植规划对区域空气污染控制的作用研究

区域空气污染控制可以有效降低空气污染物的浓度和影响范围,提出城市生态园林绿植规划对区域空气污染控制的作用研究。在分析研究区域概况基础上,获取北京植物园、大兴工业区、五环高速路等采样点的日区域空气污染物浓度含量时空特征,根据不同树种对生态园林绿植对区域空气污染控制作用进行研究。实验结果表明,植物园对空气污染的控制效果较好,五环高速路对空气污染的控制效果较差;油松对空气污染吸附能力较好,白皮树次之,杨树和银杏树吸附能力较差。

基于电动微生物法的矿山土壤重金属污染绿植生态修复技术

分析矿山土壤重金属污染情况,有助于提高矿山修复治理效果。以西北某矿山土壤为研究对象,确定该地绿植生态被破坏的主要原因是重金属镍超标,研究镍对绿植的影响得出高浓度镍会抑制绿植生长的结论,采用电动微生物法修复土壤中重金属污染,实现矿山土壤镍污染绿植生态修复治理。经验证,在电压和微生物合适的情况下,电动微生物法对矿山土壤重金属污染绿植生态修复治理具有积极作用。

红层泥岩生态加筋土挡墙施工技术应用

采用土工格栅与钢筋网片组合式加筋土挡墙,相比传统土工格栅加筋土挡墙,更有助于提升边坡挡墙整体稳定性;通过施工前人工干湿循环和填筑时加入生石灰,可进一步抑制红层泥岩崩解性;泥岩土石混合体虚铺层厚度控制在60~72 cm,每层填料摊铺平整后应及时采用振动压路机碾压密实,压实度应达到94%。

Study on the Plant Furnishing for Garden Landscaping

With the social development and the improvement of living standards, higher demands have been proposed on dwelling environment, plant furnishing in garden landscaping can not only beautify the environment, satisfy the aesthetic requirements of people, but also generate considerable ecological and social benefits. Based on studying the present situation of garden plant furnishing, problems in garden landscaping were found out, principles for scientific and reasonable plant furnishing were proposed as well as favorable methods and artistic theories, it was also put forward that the ecological, scientific and human-oriented plant furnishing was the orientation of garden landscaping.

Landscapes Construction of Ecological, Cultural and Active Residential Districts with the Design of Longji Flower City as an Example

With the accelerating development of modern residential districts and the improvement of living levels, the requirement of people on environment is increasingly enhanced as well as the demand for culture. Based on people-oriented principle, this design utilized Chinese 'Fu' (blessings) culture to express people’s eager for a better life and the atmosphere of good fortune. It also produced the image of ecological environment by designing water landscapes and plant landscapes, created active space like squares for activity and active water system and developed the characteristics of residential districts by designing landscape sketches and plant landscapes.

Application and Analysis of Native Plant in Landscaping

With PVESM point of view, this study analyzed comprehensive functions of native plants, which including natural function, visual function, ecological function, social function and spiritual function, the advantages of native plants in landscaping and the effects of it on human living environment were expounded. Based on analyzing the present situations of native plants in landscaping, the relative improvement measures were put forward.

Ecotype and Regional Division of Afforestation Plants in China

The selection of afforestation plants,which is based on the ecotype of afforestatioin plant,is the key of plant engineering. There is not final verdict yet on the standard of ecotype of afforestation plant. According to the presentational feature （regional distribution,Climatic indicator）,ecotype （climatoecological type,edaphic ecotype and biota ecotype） and genetic association of afforestation plant,combined with the experience in the greening practice,the afforesting nursery stock （Arbor and Shrub ） is divided into five ecotypes while the herbaceous plant are divided into three ecotypes.

Survey on the Diversity of Afforestation Plants in Xi'an City

Through investigating plants applied in the main streets and public greenbelts,the first-hand information about afforestation plants in Xi'an City was obtained for the first time.The results showed that,there are 136 species of plants in total belong to 102 genera,and 53 families,among which 122 species are woody plants belong to 89 genera and 44 families,i.e.89.71% of the total afforestation plants;14 species are herbaceous plants belong to 13 genera and 9 families,i.e.10.29% of the total;and there are 3 species of liana that belong to 3 genera and 2 families in woody plants with a ratio of 2.21%.The analysis showed that the landscape monotonicity was caused by the simplification of plant disposition pattern,as well as uneven quantity and frequency of applied afforestation plants.From the perspective of plant diversity,the proportion of herbaceous plants was too small;native plants were used widely which basically demonstrated the characteristics of local landscape,and most of exotic plants had obvious pantropic features which grew well in Xi'an City.This paper also analyzed problems in the present greening situation and put forward several suggestions for future tasks.

Fluorescence Properties of Submerged Macrophytes in Nanjishan Wetland,Southern Poyang Lake

We used a FluorCam portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system to measure QY-max （the maximum light quantum yield, Fv/Fm, the largest light quantum efficiency of PS Ⅱ） of submerged plants in wetlands of Baisha Lake and Changhu Lake, Jiangxi Nanjishan Wetland National Nature Reserve, in winter 2013. Specifically, we measuredΦPS Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ actual quantum efficiency）, qP （photochemical quenching） and corresponding fluorescence images. Using the visual method and sampling sites method to obtain coverage, richness and abundance of submerged plants, and determined nutrient levels in water. The results show that the QY-max ofHydrilla verticillata andVallisneria natans in Baisha Lake ranged from 0.48 to 0.68 and 0.52 to 0.71, respectively; theΦPS Ⅱ of these two species ranged from 0.32 to 0.58 and 0.20 to 0.46, respectively. The two plants had similar photosynthetic efifciency. The QY-max ofNymphoides peltatum andV. natans in Changhu Lake ranged from 0.66 to 0.77 and 0.19 to 0.68, respectively; theΦPS Ⅱ of these two species ranged from 0.26 to 0.48 and 0.22 to 0.43, respectively. The observed higher photosynthetic efifciency of N peltatum suggests it is more likely to become the dominant species. In Baisha Lake, the frequency of occurrence of plants was：H. verticilata, 90%;V. natans, 93.3%;Najas minor26.7%, andPotamogeton francheti10%. In Changhu Lake, the frequency of N. pel-tatum was 86.7%,V. natans was 16.7%, andN. minor was 56.7%. The overal frequency of submerged plants living in Baisha Lake was much higher than that of submerged plants living in Changhu Lake, with different species dominating the two lakes. According to comprehensive analysis and comparison of trophic levels, biodiversity and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics in the two lakes, eutrophication of Baisha Lake was higher than for Changhu Lake; andH. verticillata andV. natans were the dominant species, with similar photosynthetic activity. Conversely, in Changhu Lake,N. peltatum andV. natans were the dominant species, but the photosynthetic activity of N. peltatum was higher thanV. natans. Differences in eutrophication levels in different water bodies in the Nanjishan Wetland and differing ecological niches of submerged plant species are characteristic of this system.

Recent leveling off of vegetation greenness and primary production reveals the increasing soil water limitations on the greening Earth

Global vegetation photosynthesis and productivity have increased substantially since the 1980s,but this trend is heterogeneous in both time and space.Here,we categorize the secular trend in global vegetation greenness into sustained greening,sustained browning and greening-to-browning.We found that by 2016,increased global vegetation greenness had begun to level off,with the area of browning increasing in the last decade,reaching 39.0 million km^(2)(35.9%of the world’s vegetated area).This area is larger than the area with sustained increasing growth(27.8 million km^(2),26.4%);thus,12.0%±3.1%(0.019±0.004 NDVI a^(-1))of the previous earlier increase has been offset since 2010(2010–2016,P<0.05).Global gross primary production also leveled off,following the trend in vegetation greenness in time and space.This leveling off was caused by increasing soil water limitations due to the spatial expansion of drought,whose impact dominated over the impacts of temperature and solar radiation.This response of global gross primary production to soil water limitation was not identified by land submodels within Earth system models.Our results provide empirical evidence that global vegetation greenness and primary production are offset by water stress and suggest that as global warming continues,land submodels may overestimate the world’s capacity to take up carbon with global vegetation greening.

Practice and Use of Tree Species in Urban Forestry in Thailand

Urban forestry is now increasingly practiced in Thailand. This has gained impetus because ofgradual deterioration of visual amenity and environmental quality in many of the rapidly developing urbancenters. Various urban beautification programs are being implemented to rehabilitate blighted landscape,polluted atmosphere and deteriorating weather conditions, as well as to maintain a clean, healthy and pleasantenvironment so as to ensure a better quality of life. Planting of suitable trees for shade, climatic ameliorationand aesthetic values form the principal activity under these beautification programs. It is regarded as not onlyan important component of socio-economic development but also contributive to the restoration of the urbanecosystem. The responsibility of the implementation of most of these programs falls to the BangkokMetropolitan, Administration, Provincial and District Municipalities. The Royal Forest Department playsthe supporting role of supplying seedlings of the species required for planting and providing technical adviceon the growing of these trees. In this paper tree species commonly planted in urban and populated areas inThailand are identified. It is envisaged that with the vast amount of flora available in Thailand and through theintegrated efforts of all agencies involved, this program will achieve the target of beautifying the cities andtowns of Thailand.