生态群组与家庭创伤修复——专业机构介入社区之实务解析

创伤修复在学术上已日趋成熟，然而其重点是针对“个体创伤”，“家庭创伤”修复却是一个全新的领域。家庭是一种关系的构成，因此，“家庭创伤”相对于“个体创伤”来说，不仅包括了家庭中某个成员的创伤性经历，它的重点是指向在家庭关系中家庭成员的某种创伤经历所引发的创伤性交互作用并由此产生的伤害扩散的状态。 因此，要修复“家庭创伤”，不是针对某个家庭成员，而是针对家庭关系。 本文将通过案例的简述，从实务出发，力图表明，要进行笔者概念中的“家庭创伤”修复，其必要条件是消除“家庭创伤”的“隐蔽性”与“弥漫性”所带来的修复障碍，其手段是在社区进行广泛的专业性“生态群组”。

A Comparison of the Bacterial Microflora between Coastal Sites in Qingdao, P.R. China and Loch Fyne, Scotland

Aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria, recovered from two sites located on the west coast of Scotland, were compared to cultures obtained in a similar way from industrial, aquacultural and clean sites in the vicinity of Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China. Gram-negative bacterial cultures were examined by BIOLOG-GN, and the data analysed by the simple matching (S SM) and Jaccard coefficients (S J) and unweighted average linkage clustering using NTSys. The output revealed that 20% of the bacteria, namely, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Aquaspirillum dispar, Pseudomonas spp. (two groups), Sphingobacterium sp., Vibrio sp., V. campbellii, V. mimicus and V. hollisae, were common between the two geographical locations. However, the study revealed shortcomings with the BIOLOG-GN system for the study of coastal Gram-negative bacteria.

The Analysis of Growth and Reproduction of Industrial Clusters Based on View of Ecological Coexistence

The behavior of industrial cluster is similar to the behavior of biological population, that is, the industrial cluster is seemed to be an ecological symbiotic system. The relationship between economic organizations in the industrial cluster is similar to the relationship of species in ecological system, and symbiotic reciprocity, competition and cooperation are the basic. The ecological development is mainstream and direction of industrial cluster. In this paper, firstly, we studied the ecological symbiosis growth model of industry cluster, and tbund it being according to logistic growth model; secondly, we studied the growth and reproduction of economic organizations in industrial cluster in three different cases, which with only competition relations, only beneficial relations, and both competition and beneficial cooperation relationship between economic organizations, and finally, we determined the number of economical organizations when the industrial cluster attained ecological equilibrium.

Neutral responses of plant community Ca concentration to nitrogen enrichment in a semiarid grassland

Calcium(Ca)is an essential nutrient for plant growth and Ca concentrations in forage have important implications for ruminant diet and health.It remains an open question whether forage Ca concentration would be decreased by increasing nitrogen(N)deposition.We manipulated the increasing rates of N addition(2008–2015)in a semiarid grassland,northern China.Plant Ca concentrations for all species were examined in each plot under N treatment.The Ca concentrations at functional group and community levels were calculated based on the concentration of each species presented and their relative biomass in each plot.We found that community-level Ca concentration remained stable across a gradient of wide-ranged N addition rates,although Ca concentration at both species and functional group levels showed negative responses to N enrichment.Given that forbs had higher Ca concentration than grasses,the increasing relative biomass of forbs canceled out the negative responses of species-level and functional group-level Ca concentration.Our results further showed that community Ca pool showed a positive but saturating response to N addition,with a threshold at the rate of 10 g N m^(−2)yr^(−1).Our findings highlight the role of changes in plant relative biomass in controlling the responses of forage Ca concentration and stock to N enrichment.

Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Microarthropod Communities in the Negev Desert

Desert ecosystems are characterized by sparse vegetation that affects both abiotic parameters and soil biota along the soil profile. This study was conducted in 2010-2011 in a loess plain in the northern Negev Desert highlands, Israel, to test two main hypotheses： 1） the abundance and diversity of microarthropods would vary seasonally in the top 30-cm soil layer, but would be relatively stable at soil depths between 30 and 50 cm and 2） soil microarthropods would be more abundant in soils under shrubs with large litter accumulations than under shrubs with less litter or bare soil. Soil samples were collected each season from the 0-50 cm profile at 10-cm intervals under the canopies of Hammada scoparia and Zygophyllum dumosum and from the bare interspa^es between them. Soil moisture and soil organic carbon in the top 30-cm layers varied seasonally, but there was little variation in the soil layers deeper than 30 cm. Soil mites were most abundant in the top 30-cm soil layer in autumn and winter, with the highest number of families found in winter. There were no differences in soil microarthropod abundance attributable to the presence or absence of shrubs of either species. The microarthropod communities of the microhabitats studied consisted of Acari, Psocoptera, and Collembola. The Acari were mostly identified to the family level and were dominated by Oribatida （55%） and Prostigmata （41%） in all seasons and microhabitats, while the psocopterans were most abundant in summer. These results are opposite to those obtained in other studies in similar xeric environments. Moreover, our findings were not in line with our hypothesis that a better microhabitat played a major role in microarthropod community composition, diversity, and density.