低维护生态花境应用特点及配置模式

低维护生态花境是以粗放管理为特点的景观设计,旨在选择适宜的植物种类与科学的配置模式,实现可持续的景观效果与生态效益。低维护生态花境优先选择适应性、抗逆性强的观赏草或是宿根花卉搭配观赏性乔灌木,无需频繁的浇水、施肥及病虫害防治,通常具有较强的稳定性,能在极端气候条件下保持良好的生长状态。合理的植物配置能实现植物间的互惠互利,减少杂草的生长,进一步降低维护的需求。实践中,科学的设计能提供野趣与灵动的自然景观,还能丰富生物的多样性、营造小气候并改善土壤质量等生态效益。总之,通过科学的植物选择与合理的配置模式,能实现景观效果与生态效益的双赢,为城市环境建设可持续的发展提供参考。

低维护生态花境应用特点及配置模式

花境作为近年来比较热门的特色造景应用形式受到了很多关注,但在实际应用中也产生了许多亟待解决的问题。低维护生态花境符合节约型造景需求。本文介绍了低维护生态花境的应用特点、技术要点、配置模式,以期为园林项目实地应用提供理论与技术指导。

Integration of Ecology and Culture in Environment Creation of Residential District——A Case Study of Landscape Design of Group A in Urban Paradise in Nanning

To create a graceful living environment is the core responsibility of landscape designers in the designing process of residential environment. Residential environment design should pay attention to correctly involving cultural feature and environmental and ecological elements which should be integrated in certain living environment through a good design method, so as to reflect landscape designers’ concern on the urban living space. Taking the buildings of Urban Paradise (Paradise in Chinese literature is also called Taohua Yuan, that is, Land of Peach Blossom, originated from the essay by TAO Yuan-ming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) in Nanning City for example, the research investigated how to integrate ecology and culture in the environment creation of residential district.

Pollen Morphology and Ecological Significance of Nine Hygrophyte Species at Sevenstar Lake Area in the Bashang Area of Hebei Province

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of pollen from nine hygrophyte species at Sevenstar Lake area in the Bashang Area （the southern edge of Inner Mongolian Plateau） of Hebei Province, as well as their ecological significance. MethodThe pollen morphology of nine hygrophyte species distributed at Seven Star Lake area was observed and studied by using an optical microscope, and morphological characteristics like size, shape, surface ornamentation were recorded. ResultsPollen grains were globose, subglobose prolate spheroidal; germination aperture had five types, namely, 3-groove, 6-groove, 3 （4）-groove, 3-colporate, 3 （4）-colporate; ektexine possessed four kinds of ornamentation： reticulate, striped, spiny, granular. Meanwhile, the environmental indication significance of these nine hygrophyte species was also discussed according to their habitats, origin and distribution. ConclusionThe study provides the basis of modern palynology for the study of ancient environment, ancient vegetation and paleoclimate.

Effect of Plant Roots on Penetrability and Anti-Scouri-bility of Red Soil Derived from Granite

Distribution of plant roots in a red soil derived from granite was investigated to study the effect of plantroots on intensifying soil penetrability and anti-scouribility by the double-cutting-ring and the undisturbedsoil-flume methods, respectively. The plant roots system consisting mostly of fibrils, < 1 mm in diameter,was mainly distributed in the upper surface soil 30 cm in depth. It can remarhably increase the penetrabilityand anti-scouribility of the red soil derived from granite. When the root density was > 0.35 root cm-2, theintensifying effect of roots on both the penetrability and the anti-scouribility could be described by exponentequations, △ Ks = 0.0021RD1.4826 (R2 = 0.9313) and △ As = 0.0003RD1.8478 (R2 = O.9619), where △ Ks isthe value of intensified soil penetrability, a As the value of intensified soil anti-scouribility and RD the rootdensity, especially in the top soils within 30 cm in depth where plant roots were conceotrated.

Edible Peanut Worm(Sipunculus nudus) in the Beibu Gulf： Resource, Aquaculture, Ecological Impact and Counterplan

Sipunculus nudus is an important economic species because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. The exploitation and utilization of S. nudus primarily occur in the coastal regions of the Beibu Gulf. However, wild resource of S. nudus is rapidly decreasing because of the overexploitation, which has led to considerable developments of artificial breeding techniques. The cultivation scale of S. nudus has increased in response to successful artificial breeding; however, methods for culturing S. nudus in tidal flats or ponds require further study. Most studies have focused on the breeding, nutrition, medical value and ecological impact of these worms. Studies on the distribution, sediment requirements, nutrition characteristics, breeding techniques and aquaculture ecology of this species are summarized in this paper to promote the development of the aquaculture industry for S. nudus. The high biomass of S. nudus in the Beibu Gulf is positively correlated with the sediment characteristics and water quality of the region. The production of peanut worm has improved to some extent through culturing; however, the nutrient value and ecological environment problems have been observed, which reflect the over exploitation of trace elements and the sediment. These problems will worsen unless they are resolved, and the release of organic materials, nitrogen and phosphorus during harvesting impacts the coastal environment. Moreover, genetic erosion is a potential risk for larvae in artificial breeding programs in tidal flats. Therefore, culturing and collecting methods should be improved and the wild resource conservation should be implemented to promote the sustainable development of the peanut worm.

A Comparison of the Bacterial Microflora between Coastal Sites in Qingdao, P.R. China and Loch Fyne, Scotland

Aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria, recovered from two sites located on the west coast of Scotland, were compared to cultures obtained in a similar way from industrial, aquacultural and clean sites in the vicinity of Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China. Gram-negative bacterial cultures were examined by BIOLOG-GN, and the data analysed by the simple matching (S SM) and Jaccard coefficients (S J) and unweighted average linkage clustering using NTSys. The output revealed that 20% of the bacteria, namely, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Aquaspirillum dispar, Pseudomonas spp. (two groups), Sphingobacterium sp., Vibrio sp., V. campbellii, V. mimicus and V. hollisae, were common between the two geographical locations. However, the study revealed shortcomings with the BIOLOG-GN system for the study of coastal Gram-negative bacteria.

Environment-ecosystem dynamic processes of Spartina alterniflora salt-marshes along the eastern China coastlines

Spartina alterniflora is ecologically important in its original habitat; however, it has caused controversy since it was introduction into China(now it has been spreading rapidly on the Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Fujian coasts). The purpose of the present contribution is, on the basis of an analysis and synthesis of existing data sets, to evaluate the environmental-ecological effects of S. alterniflora, and to identify the relevant scientific problems that require further research in the future. Investigations have shown that, by reducing the near-bed shear stress associated with tidal currents, S. alterniflora can enhance the settling flux of suspended sediment and deposition rate on the tidal flats over the region. Further, field survey and analysis indicate that the S. alterniflora salt-marsh has a high primary production and provides a new type of habitat for the native benthic fauna. Some macro-, meio- and micro-fauna that used to live in the native salt-marshes have adapted to the S. alterniflora salt-marsh, forming a new ecosystem. Under the influences of a number of background factors, such as latitude variations and the coastal type, the environmental-ecological changes induced by Spartine have regional differentiations. To the north of Hangzhou Bay, with a high position of the pre-Holocene stratum base, a large width of the tidal flats, and a gentle bed slope, only a small part of the intertidal zone is occupied by the S. alterniflora salt-marsh. Here, the S. alterniflora salt-marshes mainly play a positive role in coastal protection and ecosystem functioning. In contrary, to the South of Hangzhou Bay, The pre-Holocene deposits are situated in relatively deeo waters, and the width of the tidal flats formed within coastal embayments is relatively narrow. As such, the expansion of S. alterniflora has squeezed the living space of other intertidal organisms, thus has a negative ecological effect. Therefore, the regional differentiation of the Spartina effects should be sufficiently considered in coastal development and management. Furthermore, in order to predict the future evolution of the S. alterniflora wetlands over the region, in addition to in situ monitoring and measurements, an ecosystem dynamic model should be established, taking into account the coupling of the rerrestrial and marine environmental-ecological processes.