The philosophical root of all human beings’ existence crisis in the contemporary times is the philosophy of the unlimited theory. The inner spiritual supporting force is the construction from its theoretical reason t...The philosophical root of all human beings’ existence crisis in the contemporary times is the philosophy of the unlimited theory. The inner spiritual supporting force is the construction from its theoretical reason to its scientific reason. Its essential ideas stem from the people-centered theory, the view of happiness in the material- purposed theory, the communist life style, the material hegemonist principle, and the rational action principles of economic technology. In the 21st century, in order to deal with the dangerous situation of human beings’ exist- ence from the root, the philosophy of the limitation theory must be established, which has the eco-reason as the value support, integrates all the original wisdom of human beings and reflects human’s spiritual needs of the age as well as the direction of human future development. The whole percept of this new philosophy is that “all things have souls”; its basic law of existence is “the ceaseless life circle”; its survival goal is the view of happiness in the harmony of material and spirit; its social action guidance and principle are (environment, society, humanity) the environment ecologism and the integral-and-mutual action principle (of human beings &society, individual &society, and present age & posterity).展开更多
Leaves of terrestrial and aquatic plants are home to a wide diversity of bacterial species. However, the diversity and variability of epiphytic bacteria on their submerged plant hosts remains poorly understood. We inv...Leaves of terrestrial and aquatic plants are home to a wide diversity of bacterial species. However, the diversity and variability of epiphytic bacteria on their submerged plant hosts remains poorly understood. We investigated the diversity and composition of epiphytic bacteria from two common submerged macrophytes: Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu, China, using methods of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses targeted at bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results show that: (1) the libraries of the two waterweeds contain wide phylogenetic distribution of bacteria, and that the sequences of the two libraries can be separated into 93 OTUs (at 97% similar value); (2) Betaproteobacteria, including Burkholderiales, was the most abundant bacterial group on both plants. Cyanobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the second largest groups on V. natans and H. verticillata, respectively. Both clone libraries included some sequences related to those of methanotrophs and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; (3) Cluster analysis of the T-RFLP profiles showed two distinct clusters corresponding to the two plant populations. Both ANOSIM of the T-RFLP data and Libshuff analysis of the two clone libraries indicated a significant difference in epiphytic bacterial communities between the two plants. Therefore, the epiphytic bacterial communities on submerged macrophytes appear to be diverse and host-specific, which may aid in understanding the ecological functions of submerged macrophytes in general.展开更多
The speed of frequency response of all published carbon nanotube （CNT） integrated circuits （ICs） is far from that predicted. The transient response of CNT ICs is explored systematically through the combination of ...The speed of frequency response of all published carbon nanotube （CNT） integrated circuits （ICs） is far from that predicted. The transient response of CNT ICs is explored systematically through the combination of experimental and simulation methods. Complementary field-effect-transistor （FET） based inverters were fabricated on a single semiconducting CNT, and the dynamic response measurement indicates that it can only work at an unexpectedly low speed, i.e. with a large propagation delay of 30 }_ts. Owing to the larger output resistance of CNT FETs, the existence of parasitic capacitances should induce much larger resistive-capacitive （RC） delay than that in Si ICs. Through detailed analysis combining simulation and experimental measurements, several kinds of parasitic capacitances dragging down the actual speed of CNT FET ICs are identified one by one, and each of them limits the speed at different levels through RC delay. It is found that the parasitic capacitance from the measurement system is the dominant one, and the large RC delay lowers the speed of CNT FETs logic circuits to only several kHz which is similar to the experimental results. Various optimized schemes are suggested and demonstrated to minimize the effect of parasitic capacitances, and thus improve the speed of CNT ICs.展开更多
文摘The philosophical root of all human beings’ existence crisis in the contemporary times is the philosophy of the unlimited theory. The inner spiritual supporting force is the construction from its theoretical reason to its scientific reason. Its essential ideas stem from the people-centered theory, the view of happiness in the material- purposed theory, the communist life style, the material hegemonist principle, and the rational action principles of economic technology. In the 21st century, in order to deal with the dangerous situation of human beings’ exist- ence from the root, the philosophy of the limitation theory must be established, which has the eco-reason as the value support, integrates all the original wisdom of human beings and reflects human’s spiritual needs of the age as well as the direction of human future development. The whole percept of this new philosophy is that “all things have souls”; its basic law of existence is “the ceaseless life circle”; its survival goal is the view of happiness in the harmony of material and spirit; its social action guidance and principle are (environment, society, humanity) the environment ecologism and the integral-and-mutual action principle (of human beings &society, individual &society, and present age & posterity).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40730528)the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2008CB418104)+2 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-YW-JC302)the Jiangsu Provincial Science Foundation(No.BK2009024)the Frontier Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.09SL021001)
文摘Leaves of terrestrial and aquatic plants are home to a wide diversity of bacterial species. However, the diversity and variability of epiphytic bacteria on their submerged plant hosts remains poorly understood. We investigated the diversity and composition of epiphytic bacteria from two common submerged macrophytes: Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu, China, using methods of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses targeted at bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results show that: (1) the libraries of the two waterweeds contain wide phylogenetic distribution of bacteria, and that the sequences of the two libraries can be separated into 93 OTUs (at 97% similar value); (2) Betaproteobacteria, including Burkholderiales, was the most abundant bacterial group on both plants. Cyanobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the second largest groups on V. natans and H. verticillata, respectively. Both clone libraries included some sequences related to those of methanotrophs and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; (3) Cluster analysis of the T-RFLP profiles showed two distinct clusters corresponding to the two plant populations. Both ANOSIM of the T-RFLP data and Libshuff analysis of the two clone libraries indicated a significant difference in epiphytic bacterial communities between the two plants. Therefore, the epiphytic bacterial communities on submerged macrophytes appear to be diverse and host-specific, which may aid in understanding the ecological functions of submerged macrophytes in general.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （Nos. 2011CB933001 and 2011CB933002）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 61322105, 61271051, 61376126, 61321001 and 61390504）, and the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission （Nos. Z131100003213021 and 20121000102）.
文摘The speed of frequency response of all published carbon nanotube （CNT） integrated circuits （ICs） is far from that predicted. The transient response of CNT ICs is explored systematically through the combination of experimental and simulation methods. Complementary field-effect-transistor （FET） based inverters were fabricated on a single semiconducting CNT, and the dynamic response measurement indicates that it can only work at an unexpectedly low speed, i.e. with a large propagation delay of 30 }_ts. Owing to the larger output resistance of CNT FETs, the existence of parasitic capacitances should induce much larger resistive-capacitive （RC） delay than that in Si ICs. Through detailed analysis combining simulation and experimental measurements, several kinds of parasitic capacitances dragging down the actual speed of CNT FET ICs are identified one by one, and each of them limits the speed at different levels through RC delay. It is found that the parasitic capacitance from the measurement system is the dominant one, and the large RC delay lowers the speed of CNT FETs logic circuits to only several kHz which is similar to the experimental results. Various optimized schemes are suggested and demonstrated to minimize the effect of parasitic capacitances, and thus improve the speed of CNT ICs.
