后现代主义思潮与认知心理学研究的新取向

后现代主义思潮强调多元化、开放性 ,反对整齐性、统一性 ,其对现代认知心理学过分依赖实证主义及过分追求自然科学的研究模式 ,忽视对人的本质属性及动机、情感等非认知因素的研究的现象进行了抨击 ,受其影响 ,认知心理学的后现代研究取向重视研究的多元化。

Effect of copper slag recovery on hydrometallurgical cut-off grades considering environmental aspects

Determining the hydrometallurgical cut-off grades specifies the destination of low grade materials and this is subjected to more benefits in mining. Copper production rate is considered as one of the fundamental issues in hydrometallurgical cut-off grades determination. Slags are remarked as one of the main sources of copper. It is not only regarded as a waste but also identified as another resource extracting base metals. Slags are characterized by copper high grade. Thus, slag copper recovery can be led to different cut-off grades and net present value(NPV). The current research scrutinizes the effect of slag recovery by both flotation and hydrometallurgical methods on the hydrometallurgical cut-off grades. For this purpose, the optimum cut-off grade algorithms of hydrometallurgical methods are developed by considering associated environmental parameters, incomes and also the costs. Then, their optimum amounts are calculated with NPV maximization as an objective function. The results indicate that considering slag copper recovery in the hydrometallurgical cut-off grade algorithms reduces the environmental costs caused by slag dumping and leads to more NPV by 9%.

Clinical study of digital mammography,contrast-enhanced MRI as well as their combination in the diagnosis of breast cancer

Objective： To compare the effectiveness of digital mammography and MRI in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer and to assess the value of these modalities as well as the combination of the two. Methods： Sixty-seven patients with surgery and pathology proved breast lesion （malignant, n = 32; benign, n = 46） underwent digital mammography and MRI, the pulse sequences included T1WI, T2WI, diffuse weighted imaging （DWI）, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI before surgery. Of the results of these two modalities, all lesions were classified into 5 groups according to BI-RADS classification, and the imaging findings were correlated to histopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of each modality as well as the combination of the two were calculated. Results： Of these 78 breasts lesions, The sensitivity was 78.13%% （25/32） for digital mammography and 93.75% （30/32） for MRI （P 〉 0.05）. The specificity was 73.91%% （34/46） and 89.13% （41/46） accordingly （P 〈 0.05）, both of them showed statistical difference. The sensitivity and specificity was 98.63% and 97.16% respectively as these two modalities were used in combination. Conclusion： Digital mammography in combination with MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the sensitivity and specificity was enhanced when compared to that of single modality.

Two Kinds of Two-Boson Realizations of Generally Deformed Algebras with Three Generators

In this paper two kinds of two-boson realizations of generally deformed algebras with three generators are obtained by generalizing the Jordan-Schwlnger realizations of SU（2） and SU（1,1）. For each kind, a unitary realization and a non-unitary realizatlon, together with the properties of their acting spaces, are discussed. Similarity transformations that relate the non-unitary realizations to the unitary ones are given by solving unitarization equations.

Vertical Zonation of Horticultural Farming in the Alaknanda Basin of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Horticultural practice in the Himalayas has great importance not only for economic development but also for environmental restoration. In the entire Himalayan mountain system, from Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya to Assam Himalaya, the practice of horticulture is centuries old, which includes varieties of fruits along with availability of high quality and quantity. In terms of the Alaknanda Basin, which is centrally located in the Himalayan system, the practice of horticulture does not get commercial level; only it is cultivated domestically. The climatic conditions ranging from sub-tropical (low-lying river valleys) to alpine and frigid (highly elevated regions) are suited for varieties of fruit cultivation, yet the benefit of this could not be utilized by the residents who are working in the agricultural fields. Besides, less proportion of land is devoted for fruit cultivation along with domestic production of fruits. The varieties of fruit cultivated in the basin range from mango-guava-papaya, stone-net, citrus to apple at the different elevations. Along with the cultivated fruits, varieties of wild fruits are also found in the jungle. There are four climatic zones suitable for the production of various fruits as below:? Sub-tropical zone including the lower part of the Alaknanda, Pindar, Nandakini, and Mandakini rivers is suitable for mango, guava, and papaya; ? Sub-temperate zone in the middle basin of the Alaknanda, Pindar, Nandakini and Mandakini rivers is a good place for citrus fruits, particularly orange and lemon; ? Temperate zone occupying the Dauli, Vishnu Ganga, Upper Pinder, Nandakini and Mandakini rivers is highly productive for apple, nut and stone fruits; ? Alpine meadows in the highly elevated region are known as Bugyal famous for herb culture. Each of these zones has distinct physical features, environmental conditions and socio-economic identity for fruit cultivation. The present paper aims to discuss about the vertical zonation of the horticultural farming and its nature, in terms of development, in the Alaknada Basin.

Controlled and reversible induction of differentiation and activation of adult human hepatocytes by a biphasic culture technique

AIM:Clinical application of human hepatocytes (HC) is hampered by the progressive loss of growth and differentiation in vitro. The object of the study was to evaluate the effect of a biphasic culture technique on expression and activation of growth factor receptors and differentiation of human adult HC. METHODS: Isolated HC were sequentially cultured in a hormone enriched differentiation medium (DM) containing nicotinamide, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and dexame-thasone or activation medium (AM) containing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF). Expression, distribution and activation of the HC receptors (MET and EGFR) and the pattern of characteristic cytokeratin (CK) filaments were measured by fluorometry, confocal microscopy and Western blotting. RESULTS: In the biphasic culture system, HC underwent repeated cycles of activation (characterized by expression and activation of growth factor receptors) and re-differentiation (illustrated by distribution of typical filaments CK-18 but low or absent expression of CK-19). In AM increased expression of MET and EGFR was associated with receptor translocation into the cytoplasm and induction of atypical CK-19. In DM low expression of MET and EGFR was localized on the cell membrane and CK-19 was reduced. Receptor phosphorylation required embedding of HC in collagen type I gel. CONCLUSION: Control and reversible modulation of growth factor receptor activation of mature human HC can be accomplished in vitro, when defined signals from the extracellular matrix and sequential growth stimuli are provided. The biphasic technique helps overcome dedifferentiation, which occurs during continuous stimulation by means of growth factors.

A new two-dimensional experimental apparatus for electrochemical remediation processes

Electrochemical extraction of contaminants from soils is a promising soil decontamination technology. Various experiments have been conducted to study electrochemical reactions and geochemical processes in the electrochemical extraction using different experimental apparatuses. This paper presents the development of a new closed two-dimensional(2D) apparatus that can better simulate the field application of the technology and accurately monitor the most important electrochemical parameters to understand the process. The innovative features of the new apparatus include the outer and inner electrodes designed to apply a non-uniform electrical field across the specimen as in the field electrochemical remediation process, the probes installed to measure the 2D distribution of electrical voltage, and the gas and fluid volume measurement devices used to accurately monitor the gas generation and electroosmotic flow rates at both electrodes as a function of time. The components of this new apparatus and the features of each component are described. The operating procedure and some typical results from three experiments with the apparatus are demonstrated. The results show that the variation of the gas generation rate is in good agreement with the electric current. Their relation provides a valid evaluation for electrochemical behavior of the system and Faraday's laws of electrolysis. The 2D profiles of cadmium concentration and voltage distribution at the end of the experiment reveal the great effects of a non-uniform electrical field on the contaminant mobilization.

Fuzzy Logic Based Approach in an Enterprise Resource Planning System for Hydraulic Cylinders Assembly

Trends in modern industry show a tendency towards demassovization of production as a response to the customers＇ specific needs for unique and personalized products. This provokes significant changes in the processes of manufacturing, assembly, and testing The cost of such a type of production can be reduced by employing highly productive reconfigurable equipment with proper software to enable optimization. This paper presents a decision support extension for directing of hydraulic cylinders to assembly-testing lines using fuzzy logic in the Enterprise Resource Planning system of a small size production in a factory in Bulgaria. Different assembly-testing lines are flexibly assigned to the specific cylinder＇s parameters by the developed fuzzy system on the basis of the overlapping of parameters in the hydraulic cylinders classification. The final decision on the line assigned in case of alternatives is made through accounting for the minimal cylinder delay time. The effectiveness of the approach is assessed by simulation. It leads to an increase of the efficiency of the assembly-testing flow lines, a reduction of the time needed for hydraulic cylinders assembling and testing and balanced loading of the modules.

Internet Addiction of College Students from the Psychological Perspective

With the rapid development of network, the phenomenon of Internet addiction is prevalent on campuses, which has produced a variety of negative effects on college students in terms of learning, living, working and so on. In recent years, there are many research literatures on Internet addiction overseas, covering all aspects of this psychological phenomenon. Moreover, domestic research on Internet addiction started late. In the light of the fact that college students do not have clear understanding on hazards of Interact addiction, it generally shows their self- control is poor. They do not believe they can control their behavior and results and give up taking responsibility for the results and tend to agree network identity. Based on this phenomenon, we propose the network psychological source control concept. In view of the close contact between the excessive use of the network and the individual time management, this study selected the time dimension of personality characteristics on Internet addiction as another influencing factor, and explored the integrated influence of the psychological source control to Internet addiction.

Optimal Hybrid Power System Using Renewables for a Household in the UK

The aim of this study is to find an optimal design for a distributed hybrid renewable energy system(HRES) for a residential house in the UK. The hybrid system, which consists of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator, batteries and converters, is designed to meet the known dynamic electrical load of the house and make use of renewable energy resources available locally. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables(HOMER) software is used for this study. Different combinations of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator and batteries are evaluated and compared using the NPC(Net Present Cost) method to find the optimal solutions. The HRES is modeled, simulated and optimized using HOMER. The results showed that the wind-biodiesel engine-battery system was the best with the lowest NPC(USD 60254) and the lowest COE(Cost of Energy, USD 0.548/k Wh) while the second best system added PV arrays. This study gives evidence of the key contribution wind turbines make to HRES due to abundant wind resources in the UK, especially in Wales.