新马华语特色量词“粒”的生成衍化与接触融合

在新马华语社区,量词"粒"与大体积、圆球形事物搭配的形成,主要是语言内部和外部、语用认知心理、社会环境条件等因素综合作用的结果。该量词用法的进一步衍化变异,主要表现为搭配对象的泛化和虚化、搭配事物形态特征发生演变、搭配范围超出球类本体的局限等方面。伴随语言接触的不断深化,新马华语特色量词"粒"不均衡地吸收进入普通话,并与境外和海外华语交流,体现出融合的发展趋势。该特色量词的用法,不仅折射出海外华人独特的语用观念、认知方式和文化价值,也反映出海外华人的言语磨合、调试与创新历程。

崇尚与坚守——从汉隶典范《西狭颂》审视正大书风的衍化生成

中国书法品评中的正大气象,既是构筑中国书法史的核心内容,也是书法艺术审美批评、理论阐释的前提和基础。东汉摩崖石刻《西狭颂》书风正大,蕴含了秦汉文化的宏阔博大之气象。本文以汉隶典范《西狭颂》书法图像为探究载体,从书法正大气象的文化品格与精神价值着眼,多维度探究书法传承发展与正大书风生成确立的内在规律,深刻体悟正大气象所具有的由“技”入“道”的规定性,以开放而非自闭的积极态度,唤醒当代书家重拾传统自觉,以创作主体精神的觉醒与正大书风的崇尚坚守为中枢,回归当代书法创作问题情境之中,以此寻绎正大书风衍化生成的精神理路。

Research progress on cyclodextrins and their derivatives in the synthesis of conducting polymers

Cyclodextrins have gained wide attentions for their unique physicochemicai properties. In recent years, conducting polymers with special micro-structure and properties are synthesized in the presence of cyclodextrins. In this article, the application of cyclodextrins in the synthesis process of conducting polymer metarials is discussed. And authors＇ study results are summarized.

Synthesis of Some More New Sulfur-containing Heterocyclic Compounds as Biocidal Agents- Part II： Synthetic of 2-thioxo thiazole/thia diazole and 3-thioxo-1,3,4-triazole Derivatives

Some new 2-thioxo thiazole, 2-thioxo 1,3,4- thiadiazole and 3-thioxo-1,3,4-triazole derivatives （3-17） have been synthesized through ring closure reactions ofdithioic formic acid hydrazones 2 with functional reagents in different medium. Former structures of the products have been established by the help of elemental and spectral analysis. Most of the obtained targets showed a moderate activity towards some microbes in comparison with two antibiotics Pipercillin and Mycostatine.

Synthesis of Some More New Sulfur Compounds Bearing Heterocyclic Systems as Biocidal Agents - Part I ： Synthetic of 2-Thioxo Thiadiazinone Derivatives

Some more new sulfur compounds bearing heterocyclic systems mainly 2-thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinone derivatives 2-7 and 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 9 have been synthetic via alkylation, acylation and condensation of dithioic formic acid hydrazide 1 through ring closure reactions with α,β-bi functional groups compounds. Most of the obtained target showed a highly activity towards some microbial in compare with two references antibiotics, Pipercillin and Mycostatine. The structures of the products have been established from their elemental and spectral analysis.

Photolysis and Rate Constant of 2,3-butanedione with OH Radicals in the Aqueous Phase under Tropospheric Conditions

Photolysis rate （J1） and reaction rate constants （kl） for the biacetyl （butane-2,3-dione） were evaluated in aqueous phase using a continuous photolysis system with a conventional Xe-Hg arc lamp as a light source. The OH radicals was generated by H2OE/UV process and biacetyl （CH3C（O）C（O）CH3） concentrations were monitored using 2,4-DNPH derivatization method. 2,3-butanedione molecule is widely present in the atmosphere, it have been detected in hydrometeors （fogs, rain, and clouds） and at a significant yield （up to 10μmolar）. The measurements were performed at 294 K and with free pH values. Our results lead to the following obtained values： J1= 3×10^-4 S^-1 and k1 = （6.17±0.95）×10^8 M^-1·s^-1.The uncertainty listed above is ±15%.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-（3＇, 5＇-disubstituted-indoly-2＇-yl）-4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-ones and their derivatives

As benzoxazin-4-ones and quinazolines linked to indole nucleus acting as a good pharmacophore, the synthesis of these compounds has significant meaning. The key intermediates 2-（2＇, 5＇-disubstituted-indol-2＇-yl）-4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-ones （3） were synthesized from cyclocondensation of indole-2-carbonyl chlorides （2） and anthranilic acid. Compound （3） on reaction with thiosemicarbazide and o-phenylene diamine afforded the compound （4） and （6） respectively. Compound （4） subjected to intramolecular cyclization under thermal conditions above its melting point afforded the compound （5）. Similarly compound （3） on fusion with o- phenylene diamine gave compound （7）. Structures of these compounds were confirmed by their spectral studies. The compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity and the results were reported.

Synthesis of 3-O-Benzoyl-1 ,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-allofuranose and Its Dimesylated Derivative

Diisopropylidenated α-D-glucofuranose （1） was oxidated with CrO3-pyridine complex. Oxidated product and its hydrate were separated and were reduced together to synthesize diisopropylidenated α-D-allofuranose （ 3）. The yield of 3 increased by 8% than that with only oxidated product as reduction substrate. Benzoylated derivative of 3 was selectively nydrolyzed and dimesylated to synthesize 3-O-benzoyl-1 .2- O- isopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose （ 5 ） and its dimesylated derivative respectively. The overall yield of 5 from 1 was 36%. Each step and final products were analyzed by ^1H-NMR spectra and other methods. The experiments showed that the influence of acetic acid concentration on selective hydrolysis was obvious. The hydrolysis yield was 81.8%. Oxidation. reduction and other procedures were practical and had application potential.

Synthesis of a Series New 4, 5-Dihydro-3, 5-Diphenyl -1 -（4-PhenyI-Thiazole-2-yl）-Pyrazole Derivatives

A series of novel pyrazoles compounds were synthesized by the reaction of five kinds of substitute α-bromoacetophenone with pyrazole intermediates which was prepared by the reaction of chalcones and thiosemicarbazones. This method has some advantages such as mild reaction condition, easy operation and higher yield. All the compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR.

Syntheses, Structures and Reactivity of Incomplete Cubane-like Compound[{ W_3S_4} {S_2P(OEt)_2}_4(H_2O)]and Its Derivates

The first successful attempt to prepare W_3S_4 {S_2P (OEt )_2}_4(H_2O) in organic phase is reported. Its substitution and addition reactions are investigated systematically, and the substitution sequences of the 'loose' ligands are determined. The crystallographic data of the cluster compounds with [W_3S_4]￣(4+) and [W_3CuS_4]￣(5+) cores are compared and their UV-Vis spectra are firstly reported. Thus, the 'quasi-aromaticity' of the [W_3S_4]￣(4+) core of these cluster compounds is discussed.

A facile synthesis of 2-aryloxypyrimidine derivatives via a tandem reductive amination/intermolecular S_NAr sequence

A novel tandem reductive amination/intermolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) sequence has been established for the synthesis of amine containing pyrimidine in formation of one carbon-oxygen and one carbon-nitrogen bonds in a one-pot fashion. Treatment of aldehyde with arylamine, 2-methanesulfonyl-4,6-dimeth-oxypyrimidine and sodium borohydride provides good overall yield. The p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) can be used as activator and is generally needed in the reaction. Dioxane is the preferred reaction solvent, but reactions can also be carried out in tetrahydrofuran (THF), MeCN, toluene and dichloromethane. The procedure is carried out effectively in the presence of K2CO3. The reaction proceeds smoothly with aromatic aldehydes and arylamines possessing elec-tron-donating or-withdrawing groups. This method can be applied to the synthesis of the oilseed rape herbicide and is superior to the classical one in several aspects: cutting out several purification steps, minimizing solvent use and chemical waste, and saving time. Its advantages such as operational convenience, high-efficient synthesis, and starting material availability make it a desirable method for preparing amines with molecular diversity and biological activity.

Novel benzimidazole derived naphthalimide triazoles: synthesis, antimicrobial activity and interactions with calf thymus DNA

A novel series of benzimidazole derived naphthalimide triazoles and some corresponding triazoliums have been successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, IR and HRMS spectra. All the new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro by two-fold serial dilution. 2-Chlorobenzyl triazolium 8g and compound 9b with octyl group exhibited the best antibacterial activities among all the tested compounds, especially against S. aureus with inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/mL which was equipotent potency to Norfloxacin(MIC=2 μg/mL) and more active than Chloromycin(MIC=7 μg/mL). Triazoliums 8g and 8f bearing 3-fluorobenzyl moiety displayed the best antifungal activities(MIC=2-19 μg/mL) against all the tested fungal strains without being toxic to PC12 cell line within concentration of 128 μg/m L. Further investigations by fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods revealed that the compound 8g could effectively intercalate into calf thymus DNA to form the 8g-DNA complex which could block DNA replication, exerting powerful antimicrobial activities.

1-(3-Aminopropyl)-3-butylimidazolium bromide for carboxyl group derivatization:potential applications in high sensitivity peptide identification by mass spectrometry

The cationic reagent 1-(3-aminopropyl)-3-butylimidazolium bromide(BAPI) was exploited for the derivatization of carboxyl groups on peptides.Nearly 100% derivatization efficiency was achieved with the synthetic peptide RVYVHPI(RI-7).Furthermore,the peptide derivative was stable in a 0.1% TFA/water solution or a 0.1%(v/v) TFA/acetonitrile/water solution for at least one week.The effect of BAPI derivatization on the ionization of the peptide RI-7 was further investigated,and the detection sensitivity was improved >42-fold via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS),thus outperforming the commercial piperazine derivatization approach.Moreover,the charge states of the peptide were largely increased via BAPI derivatization by electrospray ionization(ESI) MS.The results indicate the potential merits of BAPI derivatization for high sensitivity peptide analysis by MS.

Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Methyl Xanthine Derivatives

Caffeine is one of methyl xanthine compounds,which has the similar mode of action as ryanodine receptor insecticide.In order to find novel and efficient insecticide,structural modification of certain methyl xanthine compounds was made by introducing some common pesticidal active moieties into the structure of caffeine.Eleven novel methyl xanthine compounds were synthesized and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance（1H NMR）,elemental analylsis or high-resolution mass spectrometry（HRMS）.According to the biological activity results,it was found that these new compounds show moderate activity towards Mythimna separata Walker and Culex pipiens pallens.For example,compound 2d shows a lethality rate of 40％ at 200 mg/L towards Mythimna separata Walker,compounds 2i and 2f show 56.7％ and 53.3％ lethality rates at 2 mg/L towards Culex pipiens pallens,which are all better than caffeine.In addition,some compounds of them show moderate antifungal activity to some plant pathogenous fungi.