Feasibility of enhanced phytoextraction of Zn contaminated soil with Zn mobilizing and plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria

Three bacterial endophytes of Sedum alfredii, VI8L2, II8L4 and VI8R2, were examined for promoting soil Zn bioavailability and Zn accumulation in S. alfredii. Results showed that three strains were re-introduced into S. alfredii rhizosphere soils under Zn stress and resulted in better plant growth, as roots biomass increased from 80% to 525% and shoot biomass from 11% to 47% compared with the uninoculated ones. Strains IVsLz, II8L4 and IVsR2 significantly increased shoot and root Zn concentrations in the ZnCO3 contaminated soil. Inoculation with strain IVsL2 resulted in 44% and 39% higher shoot and root Zn concentrations, while strain IV8R2 significantly decreased shoot Zn concentration in the Zn3（PO4）2 contaminated soils. In the aged contaminated soil, isolates IVsL2, IIsL4 and IVsR2 significantly increased root Zn concentration, but decreased shoot Zn concentration of Sedum alfredii. It suggested that endophytes might be used for enhancing phytoextraction efficiency.

Bioequivalent Evaluation of Two Brands of Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Compound Tablets in Healthy Chinese Male Volunteers

Aim To evaluate the bioequivalence of two brands of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide （50 mg/12.5 mg） compound tablets in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Methods An open, randomized, single-dose, two-period cross-over study with a wash-out period of 7 d was conducted. Twenty healthy male volunteers were given a single dose 50 mg losartan/12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide of either test （T） or reference （R） compound tablets, respectively. Blood samples were collected up to 48 h after oral administration. The concentrations of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma were determined by a validated HPLC-ESI-MS method. Results In the case of losartan, the 90% confidence intervals of two one-side test for percent ratios with a significant level （α） of 0. 05 were 86% - 112% for AUC0-12 and 89% - 134% for Cmax, respectively, which were within the interval proposed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 80% - 125% of AUC and 70% - 143% of Cmax, respectively. Similarly, the 90% confidence intervals for percent ratios were 85% - 100% and 75% - 102% for hydrochlorothiazide, both of which fell into the accepted interval. Conclusion Two immediate-release compound tablets of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide are bioequivalent from a statistical standpoint in the extent and rate of absorption from the single-dose study in healthy Chinese male volunteers.

Pharmacokinetics of nifedipine sustained-release tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers

Aim To establish a LC-MS method for determining the concentration of nifedipine in human plasma and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of nifedipine sustained-release tablets. Methods A XB-C18 （5 μm, 4.6 mm ×150 mm） column and a mobile phase of methanol： 0.01 mol·L^-1ammonium acetate （60：40, V/V） were used to separate nifedipine, the detections was accuracy under atmosperic pressure electronic spray ionization （AP-ESI） mode and ion mass spectrum （m/z） of 314.9 [M＋H]^＋ for nifedipine, and 320.8 [M＋H]^＋ for lorazepam （Internal Standard, IS）. Results The linear range of nifedipine was 0.3 - 80 ng·mL^-1 （ r = 0.9997）, and the limit of quantitation （LOQ） was 0.3 ng·mL^-1. The nifedipine pharmacokinetic parameters after a single dose of 20 mg nifedipine sustained-release tablets test （T） or reference （R） were as the followings, t1/2 （6.73 ± 2.00） h and （7.04 ± 2.18） h, Tmax （4.28 ± 0.70） h and （4.48 ± 0.70） h, Cmax（39.66 ± 10.58） ng·mL^-1 and （40.19 ± 10.97） ng·mL^-1, AUC0-36 （391.63 ± 108.55） ng·mL^-1·h and （387.57 ± 121.51） ng·mL^-1·h, and AUC0-∞ （408.28 ± 121.16） ng·mL^-1·h and （406.15 ± 133.13） ng·mL^-1·h. The relative bioavailability of nifedipine sustained-release tablets （test） was （103.02 ± 13.93） %. Conclusion LC-MS method for the determination of concentrations of nifedipine in human plasma was sensitive and accurate, and could be used in nifedipine bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated tablet products in healthy Chinese volunteers

Aim To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of domestic pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets as compared with imported pantoprazole enteric-coated tablets. Methods This was an open randomized, two periods cross over study on twenty healthy male volunteers. The pantoprazole concentrations in plasma after an oral dose of 40 mg pantoprzaole preparations were determined by a HPLC-UV method. Non-compartmental method was used for the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters. Logarithm-transformed Cmax and A UC were analyzed by the analysis of variance （ANOVA） with 90% confidence intervals. Results The main pharmacokinetics parameters of domestic pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets and imported pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets were as following： Cmax （3610 ± 956）, （3466 ± 1209） ng·mL^-1, tmax （3.00 ± 0.40）, （3.00 ± 0.46） h, AUC0-t （8140 ± 5065）, （8390 ± 5474） ng·h·mL^-1, AUC0-∞ （8293 ± 5094）, （8625 ± 5606） ng·h·mL^-1, t1/2 （1.61 ± 0.28）, （1.85 ± 0.27） h, respectively. Conclusion Domestic pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets were bioequivalent with the imported pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Cefprozil Granules and Cefprozil Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers

Aim To develop a rapid, simple, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of cefprozil in human plasma and to study its pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence after 0.5 g oral doses of cefprozil granules and tablets. Methods The blood concentration of cefprozil was analyzed after extracted with 6% trichloroacetic acid, using tinidazole as internal standard (I.S.). A C_ 18 column was used to separate cefprozil with mobile phase of methanol, purified water and glac...

Effects of Continuous Irrigation of Biogas Slurry on Forms and Biological Availability of Pb in Soil of a Tea Garden

Through indoor culture experiments, the effects of continuous irrigation of biogas slurry on the forms and biological availability of Pb in soil of a tea garden were studied. The results show that continuous irrigation of biogas slurry could change the forms of Pb in the soil, and exchangeable Pb, Pb bonded to iron and manganese oxides, and Pb bonded to carbonates transformed to Pb bonded to or- ganic matter and residual Pb in the soil. Among various forms of Pb in the soil, the content of residual Pb was the highest in the soil irrigated with biogas slurry contin- uously in various treatments, accounting for 54.56%, 60.00% and 60.70% in the treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Compared with the CK, the application of bio- gas slurry could decrease the biological activity and biological availability of Pb in the soil obviously, and the reduction of the biological activity was 21.26%-22.83%. In a word, the application of biogas slurry in soil of the tea garden could inhibit the biological activity and biological availability of Pb.

Growth and corrosion behaviors of thin anodic alumina membrane on AA5083 Al-Mg alloy in incalescent medium

A self-ordered porous film was fabricated on aluminum alloy in a ternary boric-sulfuric-oxalic acid electrolyte system. By means of voltage–time response, the oxidation process as well as the growth efficiency was studied. Field emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM） was adopted to reveal the morphological and microstructural features of as-fabricated oxide layers. The corrosion protection properties of the films were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The results showed that increasing the concentration of the double ionic layer located at the oxide interface could accelerate the film growth rate. The anodic oxidative layer with thickness of 8-9 μm and pore diameter of 10-14 nm maintains the pattern and topography of workpieces, compared with the overall closed film with hierarchical structure. Both samples exhibited much lower corrosion current density after boil water sealing. Meanwhile, a superior stability could be achieved through raising the ambient temperature.

Evaluation on Wheat Adaptability in Hetao Area,Inner Mongolia

Wheat samples were collected from Hetao Area, Inner Mongolia, and their poisonous, harmful and beneficial elements contents were analyzed. According to the standards for heavy metals in wheat green food, the Hg, Cd, As and Pb contents in the wheat samples collected from Qiantao Area were all below the national standards, indicating that they were green; and the heavy metals contents in the wheat samples collected from Houtao Area were basically in line with the pollutionfree food hygiene standards, indicating that they were not harmful to human body. Harmful elements Cd and Hg were more enriched in the wheat samples from Qiantao Area, but their contents were all lower than the national food standards, indicating that the wheat from Qiantao Area was not harmful to human health. The wheat from Houtao Area was rich in essential trace elements Cu, Zn, Se and K, and long-term consumption was beneficial to human health.

Bioequivalence of bicalutamide capsules and tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers

Aim To establish a HPLC method for the determination of bicalutamide plasma concentration and to evaluate the bioequivalence of bicalutamide capsules （test） and tablets （reference）. Methods A single oral dose of 50 mg bicalutamide capsules or tablets were given to 48 Chinese healthy volunteers in a one period parallel design test. Bicalutamide in plasma was analyzed using a XB-C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water （60：40, V/V） and the dectection wavelength of 272 nm and it is pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and evaluated using DAS2.0. Results The linear range of bicalutamide was 10 - 1200 ng·mL^-1. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference were as the followings, t1/2 （138.36 ± 32.03） and （146.12 ± 27.04） h, Tmax （17.17 ± 4.65） and （16.92 ± 4.85） h, Cmax（910.83 ± 130.49） and （868.71 ± 115.35） ng·mL^-1 AUC0-672（172437.08 ± 3986.07） and （176842.34 ± 35733.85） ng·mL^-1·h, and AUC0-∞ （179456.55 ± 43127.65） and （185270.39 ± 39688.63） ng·mL^-1·h, respectively. The two-one side t-test analysis showed that the confidence intervals of Crux, A UC0-672 and A UC0-∞ were （98.9% - 100.7%）, （98.8% - 100.6%） and （99.7% - 101.7%）, respectively. Conclusion The relative bioavailability of bicalutamide capsules was 97.51%. The bioequivalence was demonstrated by the two-one side t-test

技术状态管理信息化研究与实现

技术状态管理是一门管理科学,是航空产品设计制造的关键,我国航空企业信息化建设起步较早,目前已经实现基于模型的设计及制造,但是技术状态管理相对落后,还依赖与单据及合同文档的管理方式,为了提高技术状态的管理效率及航空产品制造的能力,采用信息化的手段,开发技术状态管理软件,把单机的构型利用软件进行管理,利用流程系统提升管理效率,降低废品率,提高航空产品的制造能力。

Anisotropic and temperature-dependent growth mechanism of S-phase precipitates in Al-Cu-Mg alloy in relation with GPB zones

By employing atomic-resolution imaging and first principles energy calculations, the growth behavior of S-phase precipitates in a high strength A1-Cu-Mg alloy was investigated. It is demonstrated that the nucleation and growth of the S-phase precipitate are rather anisotropic and temperature-dependent companying with low dimensional phase transformation. There are actually two types of Guinier-Preston （GP） zones that determine the formation mechanism of S-phase at high aging temperatures higher than 180 ℃. One is the precursors of the S-phase itself, the other is the structural units or the precursors of the well-known Guinier-Preston-Bagaryatsky （GPB） zones. At high temperatures the later GPB zone units may form around S-phase precipitate and cease its growth in the width direction, leading to the formation of rod-like S-phase crystals; whereas at low temperatures the S-phase precipitates develop without the interference with GPB zones, resulting in S-phase orecioitates with lath-like momhology.

Evaluation on Killing Effects of Sensitive Plant Growth Inhibitors on Eupatorium adenophorum

[Objective] Considering invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum, a growth in-hibitor of the plant was developed based on plant sensitivity, to make evaluation on control effects and to determine the optimal concentration. [Method] According to field test method, the effects of treatments with growth inhibitor at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%and 2% on Eupatorium adenophorum were explored and the growth of other weeds was observed to research selectivity of plant inhibitor on the plant. [Result] The growth inhibitor had significant effects on ground parts of Eupatorium adenophorum. Specifical y, after 2 h, Eupatorium adenophorum was damaged seriously and the damage degree went worse upon inhibitor concentration. After 5 d, the control effect of the inhibitorreached 41.5% with concentration at 1.5%, reached 90.2% with the concentration at 1%, and 100% with the concentration at 1.5% and 2%. After 15 d, the control effect achieved 64.6%, 91.7%, 98.9% and 100% with concentrations at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. Stil , the effects of growth inhibitors on root system were limited. For example, new branches would grow from base part if the inhibitor con-centration is too low. On the other hand, the growth inhibitor is of sensitivity and selectivity, which would not hurt other plants. [Conclusion] It is feasible to rapidly control growth and development and even kil Eupatorium adenophorum based on plant sensitivity and it is proved that the growth inhibitor at 1.5% would considerably restrict and kil Eupatorium adenophorum. Therefore, the concentration of growth in-hibitors should be over 1.5%.

Study on Application of Microbial Ecological Agents, Replacements for Antibiotics, in Weaned Piglet Production

In order to investigate the appIication effects of microbial ecoIogical agents as repIacements for antibiotics in weaned pigIets, a total of 120 28 d oId healthy Duroc ＆#215;Landrace ＆#215;Large White weaned pigIets with simiIar bogy weights and body fats and cIose birth dates were seIected. They were randomIy divided into three groups, incIuding controI group （CK）, antibiotic group （A） and microbial ecoIogical agent group （MEA）. The growth performance, health status and economic benefits of the weaned pigIets were measured. The resuIts showed that the A and MEA groups couId better enhance the immunity of weaned pigIets and improve the economic benefits in the whoIe experimental period compared to the CK group （P〈0.01）. How-ever, there were no significant differences in pigIet immunity and economic benefits between the A and MEA groups （P〉0.05）. It is indicated that the Rujunbao, a mi-crobial ecoIogical agent, can be promoted in weaned pigIet production as a repIace-ment for antibiotic.

Toxicity Effect of Hg^(2+) and Cr(VI) on Alga Growth in Eutrophic Water

[ Objective] The toxicity effect of Hg^2＋ and Cr（Ⅵ） on alga growth in eutrophic water was studied to provide reference for biomonitoring and bioremediation of eutrophic water. [ Method ] The mother liquid of alga, which was separated from the eutrophic water, were put into the solutions of Hg^2＋ and Cr（Ⅵ） with different concentrations and their mixture solution, respectively. And the toxicity effect of Hg^2＋ and Cr（Ⅵ） on the growth and propagation of alga in eutrophic water was observed. [ Result] The alga in eutrophic water performed rather sensitive to Cr（Ⅵ） and when its concentration was over 1 mg/L, threre was obvious effect on alga growth. The alga was not very sensitive to Hg^2＋ when its concentration was lower, but its toxicity became stronger and stronger when its concentration increased to some extent and the toxicity effect of Cr（Ⅵ） on alga growth was just on the contrary. When the ion concentration was lower than 10 mg/L, the toxicity of Hg^2＋ on alga was lower than that of Cr（Ⅵ）. When the concentration was over 10 mg/L, the toxicity of Hg^2＋ exceeded that of Cr（Ⅵ）. The toxicity of ion mixture solution of Hg^2＋ and Cr（Ⅵ） had synergism inhibition on alga, which could be performed only when the concentration was over 4 mg/L. [ Conclusion] The toxicity of heavy metal on alga not only related to the alga cell, but also related to the concentration of heavy metal ion.

Design of pharmacodynamic monitoring system based on acupuncture differential thermometry

To control drug effects by detecting temperature difference between biologically active point（BAP）and intact area of skin for treatment of mental illness,a device is developed for monitoring the temperature of BAP and the dose medication and its change in real time to increase effectiveness of treatment.Two electrodes by Foll R method are used and BAP is determined based on topographic anatomical reference points.The temperature values are measured by integral thermometers DS18B20.the received data are processed and temperature difference is calculated and displayed under the control of microcontroller Atmega32.The obtained data confirm the correlation between the temperature difference indicators BAP C7,Gi4 and neurological scales assessing severity of mental illness.The experimetal results show that the temperature difference can be criteria for evaluating the effects of drugs,which is the basis for computer control systems of of medical process of mental patients.

Impact of anisotropic growth on kinetics of solid-state phase transformation

Based on the statistical analysis of blocking effect arising from anisotropic growth,the anisotropic effect on the kinetics of solid-state transformation was investigated.The result shows that the blocking effect leads to the retardation of transformation and then a regular behavior of varying Avrami exponent.Following previous analytical model,the formulations of Avrami exponent and effective activation energy accounting for blocking effect were obtained.The anisotropic effect on the transformation depends on two factors,non-blocking factor γ and blocking scale k,which directly acts on the dimensionality of growth.The effective activation energy is not affected by the anisotropic effect.The evolution of anisotropic effect with the fraction transformed is taken into account,showing that the anisotropic effect is more severe at the middle stage of transformation.

Biological Activity of Several Fungicides against Ustilaginoidea virens

[Objective] This study aims to screen for the high effective fungicides which could significantly decrease the disease incidence and disease index of rice false smut. [Method] The inhibitory activities of the fungicide against mycelial growth of Ustilaginoidea virens were measured to in vitro evaluate the ECho values. And 17 fungicides were sprayed to evaluate the efficacy and effect of the fungicides tested in the field trials on the rice characters, [Result] The results showed that epoxicona- zole, difenoconazole, propiconazole and procloraz exhibited high inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of Ustilaginoidea virens with the ECso values 0.04, 0.07, 0.12 and 0.11 pg/ml, respectively. The results of field trials showed that the efficacy of Wen- quning, and fungicides such as difenoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, epoxi- conazole and their mixtures in controlling rice false smut were all 70% or more. [Conclusion] The 17 tested fungicides behaved efficacy in controlling rice false smut and did not cause drug injury on leaves and grains of rice plants, sprayed when flag leaves of rice fully expanded.

Control Effects of Bacillus subtilis DJ-6 and Pyraclostrobin Alone and in Combination Against Fusarium oxysporum

[Objective] This study was conducted to screen a synergistic biological fungicide complex to control Fusarium wilt, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of Bacil us subtilis DJ-6 and pyraclostrobin alone or in combination at five ratios against Fusarium oxysporum were detected by mea-suring mycelium growth rate in laboratory tests. The growth promotion and disease control effect of combined or single use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilutions were detected in field trials. [Result] The EC50 values of combined use of B. subtilis DJ-6 and pyra-clostrobin at ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 1∶4 and 1∶5 against F. oxysporum were 5.311 5, 4.008 6, 3.570 6, 3.350 9 and 3.218 9 μg/ml, with the synergistic ratios （SR） of 2.28, 1.77, 1.53, 1.64, 1.11, among which the synergetic effect at 1∶1 was the best. The fungicidal activity of pyraclostrobin was greater than that of B. subtilis DJ-6 in laboratory tests. Field trials revealed that al the 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilu-tions of 20% pyraclostrobin·2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combination, 1∶1 000 dilution of 1 ×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP and 1∶2 000 dilution of 250 g/L pyra-clostrobin EC promoted the growth of strawberry by increasing plant height, leaf petiole, leaf blade area and stem diameter. Among them, the treatments with 1∶1 000 and 1∶2 000 of 20% pyraclostrobin · 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combina-tion had better effects than other treatments. The control effects of al the treat-ments were measured 30 and 80 d after fungicide application. The control effects of 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combina-tion were up to 100% and 93.11%, which were higher than those in al other treat-ments. The second highest control effects were found in the treatment with 1∶ 2 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination, they were 92.49% and 86.49%, higher than those in other treatments except the 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination. The control effects of 1∶3 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination were 82.61% and 72.42%, higher than those in treatment with 1∶1 000 dilution of 1×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP, but lower than those in treat-ment with 1∶2 000 dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin EC. [Conclusion] Al the results re-vealed that the combination use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000 to 1∶2 000 dilution had better control effect against strawberry Fusarium wilt.

A study on the shade tolerance of Muehlewbeckia complera

Muehlewbeckia complera was introduced to China in 2002 as indoor-hanging ornamental foliage plant. The experiment of the shade tolerance for this species was carried out in different light intensities (0.14–946.00 μmol·m?2·s?1). After 40 days in experimental areas, leaf photosynthentic characteristics indexes ofM. complera in different photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) were measured with LI-COR6400 apparatus, such as the light compensation point, light saturation point, and maximum net photosynthesis rate, at the same time, the increments of total leaf area and leaf amount were measured. The results showed that the optimum light intensity range forM. complera was from 9.26 μmol·m?2·s?1 to 569.00 μmol·m?2·s?1 (463–28150 lx, relative humidity (RH) for 46–60%, temperature at 16–22°C). Under this condition, leaf photosynthetic efficiency was tiptop. AlthoughM. complera belonged to the moderate sun-adaptation plant species, the plant growth was inhibited when PAR increased to the level of 569.000 μmol·m?2·s?1 or above.M. complera could sprout new leaves in photosynthesis active radiation of 0.16–19.22 μmol·m?2·s?1 (8–961 lx), or 10 μmol·m?2·s?1 for above 6 h. Keywords Muehlewbeckia complera - Shade tolerance - Cultivation - Photosynthesis CLC number S602.1 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by the Research Foundation of Northeast Forestry University.Biography: YUE Hua (1962-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of ranitidine and bismuth derived from two compound preparations

AIM： To evaluate the bioequivalence of ranitidine and bismuth derived from two compound preparations. METHODS： The bioavailability was measured in 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers following a single oral dose （equivalent to 200 mg of ranitidine and 220 mg of bismuth） of the test or reference products in the fasting state. Then blood samples were collected for 24 h. Plasma concentrations of ranitidine and bismuth were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICPMS）, respectively. The non-compartmental method was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Log-transformed Cmax, AUC（0-t） and AUC（0-∞） were tested for bioequivalence using ANOVA and Schuirmann two-one sided t-test. Tmax was analyzed by Wilcoxon＇s test. RESULTS： Various pharmacokinetic parameters of ranitidine derived from the two compound preparations, including Cmax, AUC（0-t）, AUC（0-∞）, Tmax and T1/2, were nearly consistent with previous observations. These parameters derived from test and reference drug were as follows： Cmax（0.67 ± 0.21 vs 0.68 ± 0.22 mg/L）, AUC（0-t）（3.1 ± 0.6 vs 3.0 ± 0.7 mg/L per hour）, AUC（0-∞）（3.3 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.8 mg/L per hour）, Tmax （2.3 ± 0.9 VS 2.1 ± 0.9 h） and T1/2 （2.8 ± 0.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.4 h）. In addition, double-peak absorption profiles of ranitidine were found in some Chinese volunteers. For bismuth, those parameters derived from test and reference drug were as follows： Cmax （11.80 ± 7.36 vs 11.40 ± 6.55 μg/L）, AUC（0-t） （46.65 ± 16.97 vs 47.03 ± 21.49 μg/L per hour）, Tmax （0.50 ± 0.20 vs 0.50 ± 0.20 h） and T1/2 （10.2 ± 2.3 vs 13.0 ± 6.9 h）. Ninety percent of confidence intervals for the test/reference ratio of Cmax, AUC（0-t） and AUC（0-∞） derived from both ranitidine and bismuth were found within the bioequivalence acceptable range of 80%-125%. No significant difference was found in Tmax derived from both ranitidine and bismuth. CONCLUSION： The two compound preparations are bioequivalent and may be prescribed interchangeably.