生成性教学有效性的生本分析

＂生成性教学＂是教育课程改革核心理念的具体体现,有效的生成性教学必然是以学生为本,并能促进每一名学生的发展.要实现生成性教学的有效性,就要做到教学设计立足学生,课堂发展上尊重学生,出现意外时正视学生.

“精”于分析,“准”在目标--以“简单几何体的表面展开图”教学为例

随着信息技术的快速崛起和不断迭代,尤其是大数据技术的兴起与盛行,重新赋予精准教学鲜活的生命力.精准教学实质上是基于学生学情的生本分析,即基于学生已有的数学知识、积累的数学经验和认知水平等,制定教学目标,借助信息技术平台开展高效的教学活动,达到精准学习,实现技术赋能.

Lower Bifidobacteria counts in both duodenal mucosa-associated and fecal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients

AIM: To determine the composition of both fecal and duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy subjects using molecular-based techniques. METHODS: Fecal and duodenal mucosa brush samples were obtained from 41 IBS patients and 26 healthy subjects. Fecal samples were analyzed for the composition of the total microbiota using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and both fecal and duodenal brush samples were analyzed for the composition of bif idobacteria using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The FISH analysis of fecal samples revealed a 2-fold decrease in the level of bifidobacteria (4.2 ± 1.3 vs 8.3 ± 1.9, P < 0.01) in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects, whereas no major differences in other bacterial groups were observed. At the species level, Bifidobacterium catenulatum levels were significantly lower (6 ± 0.6 vs 19 ± 2.5, P < 0.001) in the IBS patients in both fecal and duodenal brush samples than in healthy subjects.CONCLUSION: Decreased bifidobacteria levels in both fecal and duodenal brush samples of IBS patients compared to healthy subjects indicate a role for microbiotic composition in IBS pathophysiology.

The Production of Patents and Evolution of the Production of Knowledge around Snow Avalanches

Scientific research on snow avalanches is relatively modem, yet in constant and rapid evolution, as the multiple disciplines involved in its development will, in turn, become more specialized and more technical. Patents are part of research and knowledge production. The scientific community and policy makers are increasingly interested in production of knowledge collaboratively. Almost all of the research being conducted on snow avalanches uses technology, technique or instrumentation. One main objective of this study is to draw from the literature the many technologies, techniques and instrumentations that are being used in research related to avalanches. Thus, a textual analysis of the most significant literature in the field of snow avalanches was done. In this analysis, techniques, technologies and instrumentations have emerged. A patent search has been done in databases. Subsequently, patents were conceptualized. The proportion of applicants for patents is higher in industry than in universities. The measure of exploration of the ongoing sociocognitive transformations of science and technology systems presents a useful tool to conduct a study to explore these transformations. It would be interesting for the scientific community, but also for the industry, to elaborate concept mapping when applied to avalanche research, which would help in determining referents.

Current University Environmental Management Practices

Universities can be regarded as ＂small cities＂ because of their large size, population and the various complex activities taking place in campuses. Due to their inherent nature universities have a considerable impact on the environment. In this research a test was devised and completed for a sample of Australian universities to analyze the current environmental management practices of the universities over several key areas including： energy management, water management, waste management, transportation, biodiversity and sustainable development. It was discovered that in terms of environmental management universities are currently not performing at a level that is consistent with social and political expectations. In the assessment it was observed that universities have taken it upon themselves to improve to rectify this with many improvements to their current environmental management practices currently under development.

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of an Installed Multiunit Seasonal Thermal Energy Store

The financial viability of a solar STES （seasonal thermal energy store） installed in a mixed commercial and residential multiunit development of low-energy buildings located in Lysekil, Sweden, a maritime Scandinavian Climate has been investigated. Using recorded figures for the installation costs and performance, a financial life cycle analysis has been undertaken to determine the cost effectiveness of the system. The time value of money is considered and an LCC （life cycle cost） analysis undertaken to identify the cost-effectiveness of the solution. It shows that while a direct heating and hot water system incorporating STES can be economically viable in a Swedish maritime climate in the long term, assistance such as that provided by government incentives is required to assist with the high capital cost of the initial investment.

Analysis on the Design of Japan FIT after Fukushima Disaster Using GIS and TIMES Integrated Model

This study aims to illustrate the Japanese electricity supply system after the earthquake with consideration of Japanese uniqueness including its 10 separate grids with weak connections between them and the geographical gap between renewable potential and electricity consumptions using GIS data for a TIMES model. We take FIT （feed-in-tariff） as a policy measure to promote renewables. To consider policies to promote renewables, we need a modelling approach where the electricity system of the entire country is represented with extremely disaggregated information on existing stock and future potentials of renewables. By building up technology models based on detailed disaggregate information on existing stocks and future potentials of renewables at the sub-regional level, we can develop renewables-related policies which reflect more realistic conditions. According to the simulation results, high FIT prices do not guarantee more introductions of renewables. High FIT prices make the huge potential of renewables commercially viable, but at the same time, they limit the maximum introduction of renewables. In addition, a high FIT budget does not guarantee more renewable introduction.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ferruginol from Prumnupitys andina

Ferruginol, a phenolic diterpenoid, was isolated from Prumnupitys andina, a Chilean native plant, as the main compound. Ferruginol has displayed an interesting range of biological activities such as in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of this research is to evaluate the dermal anti-inflammatory activity of ferruginol, using in vivo models at first time. Ferruginol was subjected to topical assays for the inhibition of inflammation elicited by AA （arachidonic acid） or TPA （phorbol ester） in the murine model. The topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vivo using groups of 8 animals were treated with a single dose of ferruginol, equimolar doses with regard to the reference drugs, indomethacin and nimesulide. We showed a chemical data were consistent with a type-abietane diterpenoid known as ferruginol. Ferruginol showed topical anti-inflammatory activity at 21.0% and 20.5% in AA and TPA models, respectively. Our results provide data to support further investigations about ferruginol, a type-abietane diterpenoid, as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Filgrastim versus Placebo in Post AIIogentic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Filgrastim is used to accelerate hematopoietic recovery after ABMT （allogeneic bone marrow transplantation）. Its impact on the total cost of patient care remains to be explored. We therefore undertook a cost effectiveness analysis in the context of a randomized single blinded clinical trial of Filgrastim versus placebo in post ABMT. A primary endpoint, duration of myelosuppression, and three secondary end points （number of days of fever, length of hospital stay, survival at one hundred days） were used to assess efficacy. Direct costs were evaluated and allowed the calculation of the ICER （incremental cost-effectiveness ratios） for the major endpoint of the trial. Sixteen patients were included in the study. The duration of myelosuppression was significantly decreased in the Filgrastim arm with medians of 15 days vs. 19 days in the placebo arm （p = 0.023）. Cost analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the two arms. According to the calculation of ICER, Filgrastim was more costly and more effective than placebo for the number of days of aplasia avoided and the number of days with fever avoided. Placebo strictly dominated filgrastim for days of hospitalization avoided. Filgrastim has proven effective in reducing the duration of aplasia without increasing costs.

Economic and Environmental Issues with LCCA Approach of an Offshore Wind Farm

In this paper a new methodological approach, life cycle cost assessment （LCCA）, is applied to evaluate the investment concerning a wind offshore plant location in Sicily East Coast. In particular, we analyze economic quantification of the damage deriving from the construction of the system, divided into environmental impacts deriving from the construction of a single turbine, and environmental impacts as a consequence of the construction of the foundations. The preliminary economic information for the LCCA analysis of the examined wind park offshore regards the management of the monetary capital initially invested, choice of the interest rate and of other necessary financial features, used to compute the net present value of the cash-flows accrued during the project lifetime. In this way, a more precise implementation of the LCCA in whatever type of structural investment is made possible, allowing the examination of all information useful for supporting the decision process.

The application of immunoassay in bioanalysis

Immunoassay technology is an analytical method with high sensitivity and specificity; it provides a technique to assay materials which cannot be measured by other methods, or are difficult to detect. It plays a very important role in biological sample pre-treatment, therapeutic drug monitoring and drug determination, and is one of the important means for in vivo drug analyses. This paper reviews immunoassays commonly used in bioanalysis, including immunoextraction and immunodepletion for pretreatment of biological samples, conventional immunoassay methods and new immunoassay technologies for determination of target drugs.

MOMENT-METHOD ESTIMATION BASED ON CENSORED SAMPLE

In reliability theory and survival analysis, the problem of point estimation based on the censored sample has been discussed in many literatures. However, most of them are focused on MLE, BLUE etc; little work has been done on the moment-method estimation in censoring case. To make the method of moment estimation systematic and unifiable, in this paper, the moment-method estimators(abbr. MEs) and modified momentmethod estimators(abbr. MMEs) of the parameters based on type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ censored samples are put forward involving mean residual lifetime. The strong consistency and other properties are proved. To be worth mentioning, in the exponential distribution,the proposed moment-method estimators are exactly MLEs. By a simulation study, in the view point of bias and mean square of error, we show that the MEs and MMEs are better than MLEs and the “pseudo complete sample” technique introduced in Whitten et al.(1988). And the superiority of the MEs is especially conspicuous, when the sample is heavily censored.

Economic Analysis of Electric Fencing for Mitigating Human-wildlife Conflict in Nepal

Human-wildlife conflict is one of the biggest conservation challenges throughout the world.Various conservation strategies have been employed to limit these impacts,but often they are not adequately monitored and their effectiveness assessed.Recently,electric fencing has been constructed as a means to mitigate humanwildlife conflict surrounding many Nepalese protected areas.To date,there are no other studies analyzing the cost effectiveness and efficacy of fencing for conservation.This study aims to examine the cost effectiveness of electric fencing in the eastern sector of Chitwan National Park,Nepal,where the fencing has recently been constructed.Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros（Rhinoceros unicornis）,wild boar（Sus scrofa）,Asian elephant（Elephas maximus）,and tiger（Panthera tigris） were the main wildlife species involved in human-wildlife conflict in the buffer zone area surrounding the park,where the fencing was deployed.Electric fencing was significantly effective in reducing crop damage by 78% and livestock depredation by 30%–60%.Human mortality was not reduced significantly in the study areas and continued at low levels.Our analysis suggested that total net present value of the cost of electric fence in Kagendramalli User Committee（KMUC） and Mrigakunja User Committee（MKUC） was 1 517 959 NPR（Nepalese Rupees,21 685 USD） and 3 530 075 NPR（50 429 USD） respectively up to the fiscal year 2009/10.Net present benefit in KMUC and MKUC was 16 301 105 NPR（232 872 USD） and 38 304 602 NPR（547 208 USD） respectively up to 2009/10.The cost-benefit ratio of electric fence up to base fiscal year 2009/10 in KMUC is 10.73,whereas MKUC is 10.85.These results illustrate that the electric fencing program is economically and socially beneficial in reducing human-wildlife conflict（crop damage and livestock depredation） around the protected areas where large mammals occur.

EQUILIBRIUM IN AN OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL WITH ALTRUISTIC PREFERENCE WHEN MARKETS ARE FRICTIONAL

Abstract. This paper examines the equilibrium existence of an overlapping generationsmodel with transaction costs. Moreover, we also show that if the equilibrium prices ofbuying equal those of selling the equilibrium allocations are pareto effiCient when the valueof the aggregate endowment at equilibrium price is finite.

Recent advances in micro detectors for micro gas chromatography

Micro gas chromatography(μGC) has been continuously gaining attention since the last century owing to multiple favorable characteristics, such as its small size, low power consumption and minimal production and maintenance costs.μGC has the potential to provide practical solutions to emerging analytical challenges in security, health,and environment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in micro detectors for μGC, including the study of the miniaturization of conventional detectors and the development of novel detectors for μGC chromatography.

A Study of the Influence of Air-knife Tilting on Coating Thickness in Hot-dip Galvanizing

Gas wiping is a decisive operation in hot-dip galvanizing process. In special, it has a crucial influence on the thickness and uniformity in coating film, but may be subsequently responsible for the problem of splashing. The progress of industry demands continuously the reduction of production costs which may relate directly with the increase of coating speed, and the speed up of coating results in the increase of stagnation pressure in gas wiping system in final. It is known that the increase of stagnation pressure may accompany a harmful problem of splashing in general. Together with these, also, from the view point of energy consumption, it is necessary to design a nozzle optimally. And there is known that the downward tilting of nozzle using in air knife system is effective to prevent in somewhat the harmful problem of splashing. In these connections, first, we design a nozzle with constant expansion rate. Next, for the case of actual coating conditions in field, the effects of tilting of the constant expansion rate nozzle are investigated by numerical analysis. Under the present numerical conditions, it was turned out that the nozzle of constant expansion rate of p = having a downward jet angle of 5^0 is the most effective to diminish the onset of splashing, while the influence of small tilting of the nozzle on impinging wall pres- sure itself is not so large.

Maintenance Decision Making Model with Multiple Attribute Optimization

An effective maintenance schedule can largely improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for enterprises. Many factors, such as resource, production, cost and crew, should be considered when we make maintenance plans. However, it is difficult to meet all requests of the production targets in practical engineering.The multiple attribute decision making for equipment maintenance is proposed in this paper, and the multiple objectives decision making method is utilized to solve the problem in the maintenance process. In the particular environment and resources, a case is studied to illustrate the model and methods. The model gives the optimal maintenance plan with the analytic hierarchy process method in accordance with the particular criteria. It has been proved that this model and decision methods are scientific and operable.