通过控制试验和荧光观测等手段对新牧I号杂花苜蓿Medicago varia Martyn‘XinmuNo.1'柱头可授期与最佳授粉时间、自花粉的堵塞效应、花粉萌发与花粉管生长状况等进行研究,结果显示:(1)苜蓿柱头可授期与单花寿命具高度的同步性,在单...通过控制试验和荧光观测等手段对新牧I号杂花苜蓿Medicago varia Martyn‘XinmuNo.1'柱头可授期与最佳授粉时间、自花粉的堵塞效应、花粉萌发与花粉管生长状况等进行研究,结果显示:(1)苜蓿柱头可授期与单花寿命具高度的同步性,在单花开放的第1天授粉,传粉效率最高,结荚率达65.17%±2.01%(P<0.01),为柱头的最佳授粉时期;在单花开放后第4天授粉,其结荚率仍达34.25%±6.73%。(2)自花授粉比异花授粉有着较低的花粉萌发率和花粉管生长速度;清除柱头自花粉后再授异花粉,其结荚率/花序和荚内种子粒数由原来的51.76%±5.37%和2.11±0.18粒,提高到72.31%±6.24%(P<0.01)和3.46±0.25粒(P<0.01),自花粉对柱头的堵塞效应非常明显。(3)在繁育系统中,苜蓿采取了雌雄异熟和自交不亲和两套机制来避免自交,但是由于其独特的花结构,即使雄蕊先熟,在保证苜蓿异交机制中也没有起到有效的作用,而其典型的自交不亲和系统,虽然保证了苜蓿较低的自交率,却无法避免自花粉的生殖干扰。展开更多
Here reproduction and death toxicity data were selected for 4-nonylphenol based on endocrine disrupting properties of the re- productive system. Assessment factor （AF） and species sensitivity distribution （SSD） cu...Here reproduction and death toxicity data were selected for 4-nonylphenol based on endocrine disrupting properties of the re- productive system. Assessment factor （AF） and species sensitivity distribution （SSD） curve were employed to derive criteria maximum concentration （CMC） and criteria continuous concentration （CCC） of three different 4-nonylphenols for protection of aquatic life. The results showed that the CMC and CCC based on SSD method and death toxicity data for three different 4-nonylphenols （CAS No： 104405, 25154523, 84852163） were 26.7, 13.6, 3.84μg L-1 and 8.86, 2.21, 0.97 μg L-1, respectively. Based on SSD and reproductive toxicity data, the CCC values of different 4-nonylphenols （CAS No： 104405, 25154523） were 1.59 and 1.34μg L-l, respectively. The CCC values obtained by the AF for three different 4-nonylphenol （CAS No： 104405, 25154523, 84852163） were 0.165, 1.03, 0.74 μg L -1 and 0.5, 0.5, 0.1μg L-1, respectively, based on death toxicity data and re- productive toxicity data. The CCC values obtained by AF were all lower than the corresponding criteria values obtained by SSD, and the CCC values based on reproductive toxicity data were less than those based on the death toxicity data. This study provides a useful method for deriving water quality criteria for endocrine disruptors.展开更多
文摘通过控制试验和荧光观测等手段对新牧I号杂花苜蓿Medicago varia Martyn‘XinmuNo.1'柱头可授期与最佳授粉时间、自花粉的堵塞效应、花粉萌发与花粉管生长状况等进行研究,结果显示:(1)苜蓿柱头可授期与单花寿命具高度的同步性,在单花开放的第1天授粉,传粉效率最高,结荚率达65.17%±2.01%(P<0.01),为柱头的最佳授粉时期;在单花开放后第4天授粉,其结荚率仍达34.25%±6.73%。(2)自花授粉比异花授粉有着较低的花粉萌发率和花粉管生长速度;清除柱头自花粉后再授异花粉,其结荚率/花序和荚内种子粒数由原来的51.76%±5.37%和2.11±0.18粒,提高到72.31%±6.24%(P<0.01)和3.46±0.25粒(P<0.01),自花粉对柱头的堵塞效应非常明显。(3)在繁育系统中,苜蓿采取了雌雄异熟和自交不亲和两套机制来避免自交,但是由于其独特的花结构,即使雄蕊先熟,在保证苜蓿异交机制中也没有起到有效的作用,而其典型的自交不亲和系统,虽然保证了苜蓿较低的自交率,却无法避免自花粉的生殖干扰。
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Development Program (Grant No. 2008CB418205)Major Project of Water Pollution Control and Management (Grant No. 2009ZX07528-002-04)+1 种基金Outstanding Young Teacher Research and Special Projects (Grant No. Shu10040)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline (Grant No. S30109)
文摘Here reproduction and death toxicity data were selected for 4-nonylphenol based on endocrine disrupting properties of the re- productive system. Assessment factor （AF） and species sensitivity distribution （SSD） curve were employed to derive criteria maximum concentration （CMC） and criteria continuous concentration （CCC） of three different 4-nonylphenols for protection of aquatic life. The results showed that the CMC and CCC based on SSD method and death toxicity data for three different 4-nonylphenols （CAS No： 104405, 25154523, 84852163） were 26.7, 13.6, 3.84μg L-1 and 8.86, 2.21, 0.97 μg L-1, respectively. Based on SSD and reproductive toxicity data, the CCC values of different 4-nonylphenols （CAS No： 104405, 25154523） were 1.59 and 1.34μg L-l, respectively. The CCC values obtained by the AF for three different 4-nonylphenol （CAS No： 104405, 25154523, 84852163） were 0.165, 1.03, 0.74 μg L -1 and 0.5, 0.5, 0.1μg L-1, respectively, based on death toxicity data and re- productive toxicity data. The CCC values obtained by AF were all lower than the corresponding criteria values obtained by SSD, and the CCC values based on reproductive toxicity data were less than those based on the death toxicity data. This study provides a useful method for deriving water quality criteria for endocrine disruptors.
