崇明东滩海三棱藨草生殖对策探讨

克隆植物海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)是多年生耐盐耐淹性植物,也是一种典型的先锋植物,它在中潮位地带生长最好.有性生殖是克隆植物更新的有效手段之一.本文探讨海三棱藨草在不同干扰条件下的有性生殖投资,统计和分析海三棱藨草植株密度和高度,果实的特征,种子的特征,并进行了海三棱藨草植株主要指标的相关性分析.结果表明:水位不是海三棱藨草生长的限制因子;在植株密度较低或生境比较适宜时,克隆植物的有性生殖投资比例将会提高;而当在植株密度较高或环境胁迫压力较大时,克隆植物的无性生殖投资比例将会提高.

自然生境下北美车前和车前竞争策略的选择性差异

竞争是显著影响植物生长速度和产量的重要因素,外来植物优越的竞争能力和竞争策略,被认为是其成功入侵新栖息地的一个重要机制。本研究分析了不同生长模式和密度下北美车前和车前的生殖投资和竞争特性,探讨其竞争策略的选择性差异。结果表明:土著种车前的根冠比显著高于外来种北美车前的,但其生殖投资则与此相反,且其净生殖投资受到竞争带来的显著影响而降低;而外来植物北美车前则可以在竞争中保持甚至提高净生殖投资,并降低根冠比。生殖投资和竞争指数分析结果均表明,在竞争环境中,北美车前通过提高种子的竞争力、而车前则通过提高根系的竞争力来维持竞争平衡。这种土著种与外来种竞争策略的选择性差异,促使外来植物能够较好的与土著种在同一群落中共存,也可能是北美车前提高入侵能力,并获得入侵成功的一种机制。

Economic Viability Analysis of Investment Alternatives for the Use of Biogas in a Pig Farming in the Middle East Area of Brazil

This paper presents an economic viability analysis of two investment alternatives for a pig farming located in the city of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil. The first investment alternative consists of the implementation of a biodigester, being the biogas burned in a flare. The second alternative also consists of a biodigester, nevertheless the produced biogas is used to generate electricity. The methodologies to estimate the methane production in anaerobic reactors are presented, as well as those for the quantification of the baseline and project emissions and of the electricity that can be generated. The results showed that the use of biogas for the electricity generation is the alternative more economically viable.